Current Topics in Cellular Regulation
Published on 28. June 2014
278 pages
978-1-4832-1722-2 (ISBN)
Description
Current Topics in Cellular Regulation: Volume 23 is a collection of papers that discusses pyruvate carboxylase, the regulation of carbohydrate metabolism, and the plasma membrane ATPase of fungi or plants. Other papers deal with adrenergic control of phosphofructokinase, protein phosphatase, as well as the regulation of polypeptide precursors of mature mitochondrial proteins. One paper explains the three dimensional structure of pyruvate carboxylase and its reaction mechanism. Electron microscopic analyses show that four monomers of pyruvate carboxylases isolated from vertebrate sources form a tight tetrahedron-like structure. Another paper describes the regulation of fructose 2,6-bisphosphate concentration in the liver and of the enzymes that are responsible for its metabolism, and the mechanism involved in fructose, particularly in the regulation of 6-phosphofructo-1-kinase and fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase activity. The paper also explains the role of this effector in the regulation of hepatic carbohydrate metabolism. One paper deals with the different levels of biological organization (whole cells, isolated plasma membranes, and purified enzyme) that characterizes the plasma membrane ATPase of fungi and plants as a novel type of proton pump. The collection can prove useful for biologists, microbiologists, students, and professors of biology and biophysics.
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Content
ContributorsPyruvate Carboxylase I. Introduction II. Structural Studies III. Studies on the Mechanism of Action IV. Carboxylation of Biotin V. Translocation of Biotin Between the Two Subsites VI. Carboxylation of Pyruvate VII. Detailed Description of the Steady-State Mechanism VIII. Participation of the Allosteric Activator Acetyl-CoA IX. Conclusion ReferencesThe Role of Fructose 2,6-Bisphosphate in the Regulation of Carbohydrate Metabolism I. Introduction II. Discovery and Identification of Fructose 2,6-P2 III. Regulation of Fructose 2,6-P2 Levels IV. Regulation of Enzyme Activity by Fructose 2,6-P2 V. Regulation of Hepatic Carbohydrate Metabolism by Fructose 2,6-P2 ReferencesPlasma Membrane ATPase of Fungi and Plants as a Novel Type of Proton Pump I. Introduction II. In Vivo Studies on the Proton Pumps of Fungi and Plants III. ATPase and Proton Transport in Isolated Plasma Membranes IV. Purification and Reconstitution of the Proton-Pumping ATPase V. Conclusions and Perspectives ReferencesAdrenergic Control of Phosphofructokinase and Glycolysis in Rat Heart I. Introduction II. Adrenergic Regulation of PFK in Liver and Muscle III. Properties of the Epinephrine-Activated Form of Heart PFK IV. Adrenergic Receptors Involved in the Activation of Heart PFK V. Molecular Mechanisms VI. Deactivase VII. The Role of Adrenergic Control of PFK in Cardiac Glycolysis VIII. Obesity and the Adrenergic Regulation of Cardiac PFK and Glucose Metabolism IX. The Functional Significance of Adrenergic Control of PFK and Glucose Uptake ReferencesRegulation of ATP-Mg-Dependent Protein Phosphatase I. Introduction II. Protein Kinases and Phosphatases in Glycogen Metabolism III. Protein Components Involved in the Regulation of the Multisubstrate Protein Phosphatase IV. Characterization of the ATP-Mg-Dependent Multisubstrate Protein Phosphatase V. Integration of Protein Phosphatase Activity in the Hormonal and Metabolic Regulation of Glycogen Metabolism VI. Concluding Remarks ReferencesTransport and Regulation of Polypeptide Precursors of Mature Mitochondrial Proteins I. Introduction II. The Dual Origin of Mitochondrial Proteins III. Protein Transport Across Membranes in Biological Systems IV. Protein Transport from Cytosol to Mitochondria V. Enzymatic Activity of Protein Precursors VI. Concluding Remarks ReferencesIndexCumulative Contributors IndexContents of Previous Volumes
