
Understanding Development
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Understanding Development offers a comprehensive introduction to the multidimensional and evolving nature of international development in the contemporary world. This new edition has been fully revised and expanded to incorporate the key events, trends and debates that are shaping development today, such as humanitarianism and the global refugee crisis, the growing number of fragile states, and the contested nature of trade and trade deals. Building on the book's original framework, the second edition also includes three new chapters which explore development in relation to global policy formation, focusing on the end of the UN Millennium Development Goals in 2015 and the start of the UN Sustainable Development Goals, which will run until 2030.
Designed to offer something different to the standard introductions to the topic, this issues-driven text examines the debates that have generated the most interest and passion among practitioners and non-practitioners alike. Always attentive to the contested and plural nature of the field, it makes the case for a genuinely interdisciplinary approach which takes full account of the impact of globalization. Both wide-ranging and critical, Understanding Development is the essential student guide to one of the most challenging subjects of our age.
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Person
Dr Paul Hopper lectures in humanities, with a research focus on the politics and cultures of globalisation, at the University of Brighton.
Content
Preface to the Second Edition x
Acknowledgements xi
Acronyms and Abbreviations xii
Introduction: Understanding development 1
· A brief history of development 1
· Development and the United Nations system 6
· Conceptualizing development 9
1 Theorizing development 13
· From three worlds to the North-South divide 13
· The major economic approaches to development 18
· The East Asian 'miracle' 30
2 Approaching development 35
· Culture and development 25
· Anthropology and development 42
· Post-development perspectives 46
3 Health, education and population 54
· Population and development 54
· Health and development 64
· Education and development 71
4 Gender and development 80
· A brief history of gender and development 81
· Women and development 83
· Gender and development: critical debates 93
· Gender and development: future trajectories 101
5 Conflict, security and development 105
· The merging of development and security 105
· Fragile and failing states 109
· Human security 114
· Peace-keeping 117
· Post-conflict development 123
· The reform of the United Nations system 126
6 Trade and development 129
· The free trade debate 129
· Fair trade and development 138
· The WTO and the World Trading System 140
· Trade and development: a complex relationship 145
7 Participation in development 151
· Participatory development 151
· NGOs and development 158
· International institutions and representation 167
· Civil society, social capital and development 169
8 Financing development: foreign aid and debt 174
· The debt crisis in the developing world 174
· Dealing with debt 178
· Foreign aid 181
· Does aid work? 185
· The G8 Gleneagles agreement 192
· Enhancing the effectiveness of aid 195
· Global development co-operation 197
9 Sustainable development 200
· Development and the global environment 200
· Globalization, development and the environment 203
· Global governance and the environment 208
· Sustainable development 214
10 Globalization and development 223
· Approaching globalization 223
· Globalization and the developmental state 225
· Globalization and development 229
· Globalization and the network society 232
· Global cities and uneven development 238
11 Migration, displacement and humanitarianism 244
· Displacement, development and the refugee crisis 244
· Humanitarianism and development 252
· Migration, remittances and development 260
12 The UN Millennium Development Goals 266
· The UN Millennium Development Goals 267
· Criticism of the UN Millennium Development Goals 268
· UN Millennium Development Goals: the achievements 270
· How effective were the UN Millennium Development Goals? 282
13 The UN Sustainable Development Goals 287
· The formation of the Sustainable Development Goals 287
· The Sustainable Development Goals: critical perspectives 290
· The need for a data revolution 293
· Financing the Sustainable Development Goals 295
· The prospects for the Sustainable Development Goals 299
Conclusion: Development-future trajectories 305
· What has development actually achieved? 305
· In defence of development 307
· Development: future trajectories 309
Notes 318
Bibliography 324
Index 382
Acronyms and Abbreviations
AAA Accra Agenda for Action AAPPG Africa All Party Parliamentary Group ACP Africa, the Caribbean and the Pacific region ADB African Development Bank ADF African Development Fund AFTA ASEAN Free Trade Area initiative AGE advisory group of experts AIDS Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome AIIB Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank AOAV Action on Armed Violence ART anti-retroviral therapy ARV anti-retroviral ASEAN South East Asian Nations ASI Adam Smith Institute ATPC African Trade Policy Centre AU African Union BNA Basic Needs Approach BRICS Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa BWIs Bretton Woods Institutions CAP Common Agricultural Policy CAR Central African Republic CBDR 'common but differentiated responsibilities' CBOs community-based organizations CFCs chlorofluorocarbons CGD Commission on Growth and Development CHS Commission on Human Security CPEs complex political emergencies CSD Commission on Sustainable Development CSOs civil society organizations DAC Development Assistance Committee DAWN Development Alternatives with Women for a New Era DDR disarmament, demobilization and reintegration DFID UK Department for International Development DPKO UN Department of Peacekeeping Operations DRR disaster risk reduction ECLA Economic Commission for Latin America ECLAC Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean ECOSOC United Nations Economic and Social Council EFA Education for All EJM environmental justice movement EPAs Economic Partnership Agreements ERM European Exchange Rate Mechanism ESAF Enhanced Structural Adjustment Facility EU European Union FDI foreign direct investment FFD3 Third Financing for Development summit FIDES Fonds d'Investissement pour le Développement Economique et Social FLO Fairtrade Labelling Organizations International FTAs free trade agreements G-77 Group of 77 countries G8 Group of 8 countries (Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Russia, the United Kingdom and the United States) G20 Group of 20 countries. GAD Gender and Development GATT General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade GDI Gender-related Development Index GDP gross domestic product GEF Global Environment Facility GEG global environmental governance GEM Gender Empowerment Measure GHI Global Hunger Index GII Gender Inequality Index GNI gross national income GNP gross national product GOARN Global Outbreak Alert and Response Network (part of the WHO) GPEDC Global Partnership for Effective Development Co-operation HDI United Nations Human Development Index HIPC Heavily Indebted Poor Countries Initiative HLF High Level Forum HLP High-Level Panel HSRP Human Security Report Project HSU UN Human Security Unit IATI International Aid Transparency Initiative ICANN Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers ICC International Criminal Court ICPD International Conference on Population and Development ICTs information and communication technologies IDA International Development Association IDC International Development Committee (UK) IDPs internally displaced persons IDPS International Dialogue on Peacebuilding and Statebuilding IDS Institute of Development Studies (Brighton, UK) IEAG Independent Expert Advisory Group IFIs international financial institutions IFPRI International Food Policy Research Institute IGO international intergovernmental organization IISS International Institute for Strategic Studies ILO International Labour Organization IMF International Monetary Fund INGOs international non-governmental organizations IOM International Organization for Migration IPA International Peace Academy IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change IPD infectious and parasitic disease IPFA Information Project for Africa ISI import-substitution industrialization ITU International Telecommunication Union KRIBP Kribhco Indo-British Farming Project LA21 Local Agenda 21 LDCs least developed countries LEDCs less economically developed countries LRRD linking relief, rehabilitation and development MDGs Millennium Development Goals MDGGTF MDG Gap Task Force MDRI Multilateral Debt Relief Initiative MEAs multilateral environmental agreements MEDCs more economically developed countries MERCOSUR Southern Cone Common Market MMR maternal mortality rate MNCs multinational corporations MRG Minority Rights Group International MSF Médecins Sans Frontières (Doctors Without Borders) NAFTA North American Free Trade Agreement NAM Non-Aligned Movement NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization NGOs non-governmental organizations NICs newly industrializing countries NIEO new international economic order NNGOs northern non-governmental organizations NPA New Policy...
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