Reactive Power Compensation

1 Introduction Transmission and Utilisation of electrical Energy Definition of reactive Power and Power Factor 2 Reactive Power Consumers and reactive Power Consumers in serial Connection Consumers in parallel Connection Mixed Connection Reactive Power of electrical Installations 3 Effects of reactive Power on Generation, Transmission and Distribution Currents of Generators and Lines Losses Generators Voltage drop Available Power of Transformers 4 Reactive Power in Energy Contracts Contractual Regulations of reactive Energy Contractual Regulations of reactive Power 5 Methods for Determination of reactive Power and Power Factor 6 Improvement of Power Factor Basics of reactive power compensation Optimisation of reactive Power by selection of Motors and Load Profile Compensation by Generators Compensation by Capacitors 7 Design, Arrangement and Power of Capacitors Capacitors with Paper Dielectric Metal-paper Dielectric Synthetic-film Dielectric Arrangement and Power of Capacitors 8 Determination of required Power of Capacitors Basics of Calculation Calculation for new Installations 9 Types of reactive Power Compensation Single-type Compensation Bulk-type Compensation Central-type Compensation Mixed Compensation Advantages and Disadvantages 10 Compensation of existing Installations 11 Control of reactive Power Controlgear and Control-equipment Step number and related Power C/k-value Reverse Control Scheme (cos j) Atomatic reactive Power Control Zero-voltage switching Reactive Power Control with mixed measuring Reactive Power Control with multiple infeed Measuring by Current Transformers Parallel Operation with multiple infeed 12 Discharging Devices for Capacitors Discharging Devices for LV-Capacitors Discharging Devices for MV-Capacitors 13 Protection of Capacitors Overcurrent and short-circuit Protetction Overvoltage Protection Protection against Temperature rise Unbalance Protection Protection against internal Faults 14 Switching of Capacitors Selection of Switchgear Switching by Semiconductors Thyristor Switching Reactive Power Control and Thyristor Control Dynamic reactive Power Control SVC 15 Installation, Maintenance and Disturbances 16 Reactive Power Compensation at Plants with Generators General 4-quadrant Operation Technical Considerations Bargaining Considerations 17 Effects Perturbations with Influence of Capacitors in Networks with Harmonics Network Perturbation and improved Network Quality Measuring and Analysis 18 Resonances in Power Systems Affects of Capacitors on the Network with Harmonics 19 Reactor protected Capacitors and Filter Circuits Effects of Reactor-protected Systems and System Configuration Reactive Reactors Design of Reactor-protected Systems Notes of Selection of Reactors Filter Circuits Design of Filter Circuits Active Filter Passive Filter Comparison of active and passive Filter Neutral Conductor Compensation 20Improvement of Power Quality Dynamic Compensation System 21 Compensation at Power Converters Compensation bank operating in parallel with a six-pulse bridge-connected Converter Power Capacitors in parallel Operation with non-linear loads Characterisitic Behaviour of reactive Power Controllers at Converters 22 Environmental and Climate Protection using Capacitors PCB-filled Capacitors Climate Change and Energy Efficiency through Power Factor Correction