
Variation in the Caribbean
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- Variation in the Caribbean
- Editorial page
- Title page
- LCC data
- Table of contents
- Introduction
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Part I. Variation and linguistic systems
- Revisiting variation between sa and o in Sranan
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Historical excursus
- 3. Previous analyses of sa versus o
- 4. Methodology
- 5. The uses of sa and o in contemporary Sranan
- 6. The meanings and uses of sa in Sranan
- 6.1 Cases where sa expresses dynamic modality
- 6.2 Epistemic uses of sa
- 6.3 Deontic uses of sa
- 6.4 Parallels between sa and Dutch zullen
- 7. Conclusion
- References
- Inherent variability and coexistent systems
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Negation in English, English-based creoles, and African American Vernacular English
- 3. Variation in negation on Bequia
- 3.1 Sociohistorical background
- 3.2 Defining the variable context
- 3.3 Factor groups coded
- 4. Results
- 4.1 The use of na
- 4.2 The use of ain't
- 5. Conclusion
- References
- Putting individuals back in contact
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Individual language change in adulthood
- 3. Methodology
- 4. Analysis
- 4.1 Linguistic factors
- 4.2 Social factors
- 5. Results
- 5.1 GOOSE vowel
- 5.2 TRAP and BATH vowels
- 5.3 LOT and THOUGHT vowels
- 6. Summary of results and discussion
- 7. Conclusion
- References
- Relative markers in spoken Standard Jamaican English
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Relativization in spoken standard English varieties
- 3. Relativization in Jamaican Creole and in SJE
- 4. Data and analysis
- 5. Results
- 5.1 Inventory of overt relative markers
- 5.2 Restrictive vs. non-restrictive relative clauses
- 5.3 Human vs. non-human antecedent
- 5.4 Syntactic function of relative marker
- 5.5 Prepositions in the relative clause
- 5.6 Relative clause constructions
- 6. Summary and discussion
- References
- Part II. Variation and identity
- "Flying at half-mast"? Voices, genres, and orthographies in Barbadian Creole
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Bajan and the Barbadian sociolinguistic situation
- 2.1 Writing Bajan
- 2.2 Reading Bajan
- 3. So, how funny is it? Orthographies, voices, and genres
- 4. Conclusions
- References
- 6. Appendix I
- The creole continuum and individual agency
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Quantitative analyses
- 2.1 Syntax and morphology
- 2.2 Lexis
- 3. Qualitative analyses
- 3.1 Inter-individual variation
- 3.2 Intra-individual variation
- 4. Conclusion
- References
- Language attitudes and linguistic awareness in Jamaican English
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Methodology
- 3. Survey results
- 3.1 Lexicon
- 3.2 Morphosyntax
- 4. Conclusions
- References
- 6. Appendix
- Part III. Variation and the community
- The varilingual repertoire of Tobagonian speakers
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Background
- 3. The language study
- 3.1 Informants and data collection
- 4. The data sample and data analysis
- 4.1 Findings
- 5. Summary and conclusions
- References
- On the emergence of new language varieties
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Social and linguistic situation in French Guiana
- 3. The (traditional) native view of the EM linguistic space
- 3.1 Ethnic or regional varieties
- 3.2 Social varieties
- 4. The EMC migrates to the coast
- 4.1 Changes in the linguistic repertoire and in-group linguistic practices
- 4.2 Toward koineization
- 4.3 Vehicularization
- 5. The role of social and linguistic processes in language diversification
- 5. Conclusion and implication
- References
- 'Creole' and youth language in a British inner-city community
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Background
- 3. Manchester
- 4. Our research site
- 5. Our study and its participants
- 6. Linguistic behaviour
- 7. The legacy of Creole
- 7.1 Language practice 1: MC-ing
- 7.2 Language practice 2: Murking (verbal duelling)
- 8. Global, local, and translocal
- 9. Conclusion
- References
- Le Page's theoretical and applied legacy in sociolinguistics and creole studies
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Le Page's theoretical legacy
- 2.1 Sociohistory
- 2.2 The Acts of Identity model
- 3. Le Page's applied work
- 4. Conclusion: Problems to be faced in building on Le Page's legacy
- References
- Name index
- Subject index
- The series Creole Language Library
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