Applications of Soil Physics

Preface 1. Soil Physics Explores the Hidden Turmoil in the FieldPart I: The Field Water Cycle and Its Management 2. Infiltration and Surface Runoff A. Introduction B. "Infiltration Capacity" or Infiltrability C. Profile Moisture Distribution during Infiltration D. Infiltrability Equations E. The Green and Ampt Approach F. Modern Approaches to Infiltration Theory G. Infiltration into Layered Profiles H. Infiltration into Crust-Topped Soils I. Instability of Wetting Fronts during Infiltration J. Rain Infiltration K. Some Topics of Current Research on Infiltration L. Surface Runoff M. Runoff Inducement Sample Problems 3. Internal Drainage and Redistribution Following Infiltration A. Introduction B. Internal Drainage in Thoroughly Wetted Profiles C. Redistribution of Soil Moisture in Partially Wetted Profiles D. Hysteretic Phenomena in Redistribution D. Analysis of Redistribution Processes F. "Field Capacity" G. Summary of Factors Affecting Field Capacity Sample Problems 4. Groundwater Drainage A. Introduction: Some Basic Concepts of Groundwater Hydrology B. Flow of Confined Groundwater C. Flow of Unconfined Groundwater D. Analysis of Falling Water Table E. Review of Equations Pertaining to Flow Unconfined Groundwater F. Flow Nets, Models, and Analogs G. Groundwater Drainage H. Factors Influencing Drainage I. Drainage Design Equations Sample Problems 5. Evaporation from Bare-Surface Soils A. Introduction B. Physical Conditions C. Capillary Rise from a Water Table D. Steady Evaporation in the Presence of a Water Table E. Hazard of Salinization Due to High Water Table F. Evaporation in the Absence of a Water Table (Drying) G. Analysis of the First and Second Stages of Drying H. The "Drying-Front" Phenomenon I. Diurnal Fluctuations of Surface-Zone Moisture and Hysteresis Effects J. Nonisothermal Evaporation K. Effect of Albedo Changes on Nonisothermal Evaporation L. Evaporation from Irregular Surfaces and Shrinkage Cracks M. Reduction of Evaporation from Bare Soils Sample Problems 6. Uptake of Soil Moisture by Plants A. Introduction B. The Soil-Plant-Atmosphere Continuum C. Basic Aspects of Plant-Water Relations D. Water Relation of Plant Cells and Tissues E. Structure and Function of Roots F. Hydraulic Properties of Roots G. Variation of Water Potential and Flux in the Soil-Plant System H. Root Uptake, Soil-Water Movement, and Transpiration I. Approaches to Modeling Water Uptake by Roots J. The Single-Root Radial (Microscopic) Model K. The Root System (Macroscopic) Model L. Effect of Root Growth on Soil-Water Uptake Sample Problems 7. Water Balance and Energy Balance in the Field A. Introduction B. Water Balance of the Root Zone C. Evaluation of the Water Balance D. Radiation Exchange in the Field E. Total Energy Balance F. Transport of Heat and Vapor to the Atmosphere G. Advection H. Potential Evapotranspiration (Combination Formulas) Sample Problems 8. Irrigation and Crop Response A. Introduction B. Classical Concepts of Soil-Water Availability to Plants C. Traditional Principles of Irrigation Management D. Newer Concepts of Soil-Water Availability to Plants E. New Principles of Irrigation Management F. Advantages and Limitations of Drip Irrigation G. Irrigation, Water-Use Efficiency, and Water Conservation H.