Microbiological Assay

Preface AcknowledgmentsChapter 1 Introduction 1.1 Philosophy of Biological Assay 1.2 Basic Techniques and Principles 1.3 Mechanization and Automation 1.4 Purpose of the Assay 1.5 Reference Standards 1.6 Preparation of Test Solutions of Standard and Sample 1.7 Specifications and Reports References Chapter 2 The Agar Diffusion Assay 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Theory of Zone Formation 2.3 Nature of the Response Curve 2.4 Dose-Response Curves in Practice 2.5 Simple Assay Designs 2.6 Simple Multiple Assay Designs 2.7 Simplification of Computation of the Potency Ratio 2.8 Designs Incorporating Checks for Curvature (Three Dose Levels) 2.9 Designs Incorporating Checks for Curvature (Four Dose Levels) 2.10 Assays by Large Plates-General Principles 2.11 Large Plate Assays Using Latin Square Designs 2.12 Large Plate Assays Using Quasi-Latin Square Designs 2.13 Low-Precision Assays Using Large Plates 2.14 Small Plate Assays Using Interpolation from a Standard Curve 2.15 Missing Values References Chapter 3 Tube Assays Growth-Promoting Substances 3.1 General Principles 3.2 Measurement of Response 3.3 Nonideal Responses 3.4 Slope Ratio Assays-An Unbalanced Design 3.5 Criteria of Validity 3.6 Multiple Linear Regression Equations 3.7 Potency Computation from an Unbalanced Design 3.8 Balanced Slope Ratio Assays with Linearity Check 3.9 Simplified Computation of Potency Ratio from Balanced Assays 3.10 Multiple Assays by the Slope Ratio Method References Chapter 4 Tube Assays for Antibiotics 4.1 General Principles 4.2 Response Curve-Commonly Used Forms of Expression 4.3 Linearization of Dose-Response Relationships-Theoretical Considerations 4.4 Dose-Response Linearization Procedures in Practice 4.5 Potency Estimation by Interpolation from a Standard Curve 4.6 Graphic Estimation of Potency by Probit of Response versus Dose 4.7 Arithmetical Estimation of Potency from an Assay of Balanced Design by Angular Transformation of Response 4.8 Graphic Estimation of Potency Using the Relationship Log Response versus Dose 4.9 Estimation of Potency by Interpolation from a Dose-Response Line Using an Automated System References Chapter 5 Assay of mixtures of Antibiotics 5.1 Occurrence of Mixtures and the Nature of the Problem 5.2 General Techniques 5.3 Comparative Bioautographs 5.4 Quantitative Bioautographs 5.5 Differential Assays References Chapter 6 Evaluation of Parallel Line Assays 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Basic Assumptions for the Statistical Evaluation of Parallel Line Assays 6.3 Evaluation of a Standard Log Dose-Response Curve 6.4 Analysis of Variance to Separate Components Attributable to Various Sources 6.5 Evaluation of a Simple Two Dose Level Assay 6.6 An Alternative Method for Obtaining Confidence Limits 6.7 Evaluation of a Multiple Two Dose Level Assay 6.8 Evaluation of a Three Dose Level Assay 6.9 Evaluation of a Large Plate Assay (Latin Square Design) 6.10 Evaluation of a Large Plate Assay (Quasi-Latin Square Design) 6.11 Evaluation of a Large Plate, Low Precision Assay 6.12 Evaluation of an Assay Incorporating Reference Points-The "FDA" Design 6.13 Evaluation of a Quantitative Bioautograph 6.14 Evaluation of Tube Assays Using Function of Response versus Logarithm of Dose References Chapter 7 Evaluation of Slope Ratio Assays 7.1 Principles of Evaluation 7.2 Evaluation of Simple Slope Ratio Assays 7.3 Evaluation of a Multiple Slope Ratio Assay 7.4 Evaluation of a Turbidimetric Antibiotic Assay by Angular Transformation of Response and Slope Ratio References Chapter 8 Choice of Method and Design 8.1 Choice of Method 8.2 General Considerations in Selection of Design 8.