Introduction to Applied Thermodynamics
The Commonwealth and International Library: Mechanical Engineering Division
Published on 22. October 2013
202 pages
978-1-4831-4962-2 (ISBN)
Description
Introduction to Applied Thermodynamics is an introductory text on applied thermodynamics and covers topics ranging from energy and temperature to reversibility and entropy, the first and second laws of thermodynamics, and the properties of ideal gases. Standard air cycles and the thermodynamic properties of pure substances are also discussed, together with gas compressors, combustion, and psychrometry. This volume is comprised of 16 chapters and begins with an overview of the concept of energy as well as the macroscopic and molecular approaches to thermodynamics. The following chapters focus on temperature, entropy, and standard air cycles, along with gas compressors, combustion, psychrometry, and the thermodynamic properties of pure substances. Steam and steam engines, internal combustion engines, and refrigeration are also considered. The final chapter is devoted to heat transfer by conduction, radiation, and convection. The transfer of heat energy between fluids flowing through concentric pipes is described. This book will appeal to mechanical engineers and students as well as those interested in applied thermodynamics.
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Content
PrefaceChapter 1 Energy Symbols Matter Macroscopic and Molecular Approach Energy Random and Non-Random Energy Potential Energy Kinetic Energy Strain Energy Electrical Energy Thermal Energy Chemical Energy Radiant Energy Nuclear Energy Conservation of Matter and Energy Systems Isolated System Closed System Open System Surroundings Transfer of Energy Internal Energy Energy UnitsChapter 2 Temperature An Ideal Gas Ideal Gas Pressure Pressure Rise Constant Volume Gas Thermometer Helium Gas Thermometer Other Forms of Thermometer Other Temperature Scales International Temperature Scale Two Ideal Gases at the Same TemperatureChapter 3 Reversibility, Properties and Entropy Reversible and Irreversible Changes Reversible Processes Thermal Equilibrium Properties Physical Changes on a Graph Entropy Definition of Entropy ChangeChapter 4 First Law of Thermodynamics The First Law Conservation of Energy Applied to a Closed System Special Cases Conservation of Energy Applied to an Open System Applications of the Flow Process Energy Equation Total Head Enthalpy, Temperature and PressureChapter 5 The Properties of Ideal Gases The Ideal Gas Laws The Pound-Molecule Avogadro's Law and Number Universal Gas Constant Identity of Behavior Standard Temperature and Pressure Normal Temperature and Pressure Standard Cubic Feet Alternative Approach to Boyle's and Charles' Laws and Avogadro's Law Joule's Law The Specific Heats of an Ideal Gas Molecular Specific Heats The p-V Diagram Relationship between cv, cp and R Ratio of Specific Heats Reversible Changes of an Ideal Gas Isometric Isobaric Isothermal Isentropic Polytropic Gas Mixtures Mean Molecular Mass Gas Constant Specific Heats Partial Pressures Examples and ProblemsChapter 6 Standard Air Cycles Standard Air Cycles Otto Cycle Joule or Brayton Cycle Diesel Cycle Examples and ProblemsChapter 7 The Second Law of Thermodynamics The Second Law The Carnot Cycle Thermodynamic Temperature ScaleChapter 8 Thermodynamic Properties of Pure Substances Thermodynamic Properties of Pure Substances T-v Diagram p-T Diagram p-V Diagram T-s Diagram h-s Diagram Note on Triple-point Note on Critical TemperatureChapter 9 Entropy Changes Isentropic Change Isothermal Change Isobaric Change Isometric Change Change of Entropy during Irreversible Processes Unresisted Expansion Conduction of Heat Adiabatic Throttling Process Throttling Process of a Wet Vapor Derivation of Carnot Efficiency by Entropy Examples and ProblemsChapter 10 Gas Compressors Gas Compressors Piston or Reciprocating Compressors First Method Isothermal Efficiency The Best Value of n Volumetric Efficiency Second Method Adiabatic Compression Isentropic Efficiency Centrifugal Compressors Simplified Theory p-V and T-S Diagrams for Centrifugal Compressors Axial Flow Compressors Displacement Compressors Examples and ProblemsChapter 11 Combustion Composition of Air Sources of Heat Energy Calorific Value of a Fuel Higher and Lower Calorific Values Combustion Equations Chemical Formula for Air Stoichiometric Mixture More Detailed Investigation into Combustion Combustion at Constant Volume Combustion at Constant Pressure Combustion under Adiabatic Flow Process Conditions Theoretical Temperature of Combustion Examples and ProblemsChapter 12 Psychrometry Humidity Superheated Vapor Dew Point Relative Humidity Psychrometric Chart Construction Saturation Line Constant Relative Humidity Lines Constant Enthalpy Lines C
