Thermophysics and Temperature Control of Spacecraft and Entry Vehicles
Published on 2. December 2012
888 pages
978-0-323-14208-3 (ISBN)
Description
Progress in Astronautics and Aeronautics, Volume 18: Thermophysics and Temperature Control of Spacecraft and Entry Vehicles is a selection of technical papers based on two American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics meetings, namely, The Thermophysics Specialist Conference, held in Monterey, California on September 13-15, 1965 and the Third Aerospace Sciences Conference, held in New York on January 1966. This book covers the most important problems of thermophysical research and technology. This volume is composed of six parts encompassing 42 chapters. Part I contains papers on the thermal radiation properties of solids, including measuring techniques for solar reflectance and infrared emittance determination, and a paper on radiative transfer. Part II deals with the lunar and planetary thermal environment and includes research papers on emissivities, reflectivities, and polarization by planetary atmospheres and planetary surfaces. Part III discusses the effects of the space environment on the optical properties of thermal control surfaces. This part also presents results of flight experiments with sensors of environmental effects and flight experience with thermal coatings of satellites. Part IV covers the thermophysical measurements of ablative materials and with the char layers formed during the actual vehicle entry period or during laboratory simulation tests. Part V looks into the two comparatively areas of thermophysics, namely, the thermal similitude (thermal modeling) and interface resistance of joints under space conditions. Part VI summarizes the practical experience in thermal design gained on spacecraft flights. Thermophysicists, space engineers and designers, and research workers who are interested in thermophysical technology will find this book invaluable.
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Content
The Thermophysics Committee 1965 The Thermophysics Committee 1966 Preface I. Thermal Radiation Properties of Solids Far Infrared Reflectance of Spacecraft Coatings Low-Temperature Spectral Emittance Measurements Total Normal Emittance Measurements to 2200°C in Air Solar Absorptance and Thermal Emittance of Aluminum Coated with Surface Films of Evaporated Aluminum Oxide Low-Temperature Emittance Determinations Thermal Radiation Properties of Binary Mixtures Directionally Reflective Coating Study Apparatus for Spectral Bidirectional Reflectance Measurements During Ultraviolet Irradiation in Vacuum Total Hemispherical Thermal Emittance of Nickel as a Function of Oxide Thickness in the Temperature Range 400°-900°C Effect of Surface Roughness on Emittance of Nonmetals Radiant Heat Transfer from Nongray Surfaces with External Radiation II. Lunar and Planetary Thermal Environment Effect of Specular Ground Reflection on Radiation Leaving Top of a Planetary Atmosphere Effect of Surface Properties on Planetary Albedo Irradiation above Atmosphere Due to Rayleigh Scattering and Diffuse Terrestrial Reflections Theory of Diffuse Spectral Reflectance of a Thick Layer of Absorbing and Scattering Particles Far-Infrared Studies of Silicate Minerals Directional Radiative Characteristics of Conical Cavities and Their Relation to Lunar Phenomena III. Effects of the Space Environment on Optical Properties of Thermal Control Surfaces Low-Energy Charged Particle Environment of the Earth Exploratory Trapped-Particle and Trapped-Particle-Plus-Ultraviolet Effects on the Optical Properties of Spacecraft Thermal Control Coatings Effects of Simulated Solar-Wind Bombardment on Spacecraft Thermal Control Surfaces Effects of Low Energy Protons on Thermal Control Coatings Effects of Protons and Alpha Particles on Thermal Properties of Spacecraft and Solar Concentrator Coatings Mariner-Mars Absorptance Experiment Preliminary Results from the Ames Emissivity Experiment on OSO-II SNAP 10A Thermal Control Coatings IV. Physics of Vehicle and Missile Entry Determination of Temperature Profile in Charred Phenolic Compositions by Reconstruction of the Ablation Process Effects of Uncertainties in Thermophysical Properties on Ablation Efficiency Determination of Thermal Performance of Char under Heating Conditions Simulating Atmospheric Entry Ablation of Magnesia Thermal Diffusivity Measurements of Graphites and Chars Using a Pulsed Laser V. Thermal Modeling and Interface Conductance in Space Test on a Thermally Scaled Model Space Station in a Simulated Solar Environment Results of Transient Thermal Modeling in a Simulated Space Environment Scaling of Transient Temperature Distributions of Simple Bodies in a Space Chamber Thermal Scale Modeling of the Mariner IV Spacecraft Thermal Conductance of Metallic Contacts in a Vacuum Measurements of Contact Coefficients of Thermal Conductance Performance of Multilayer Insulation Systems for the 300° to 800°K Temperature Range Thermal Contact Conductance of Nominally Flat, Rough Surfaces in a Vacuum Environment VI. Spacecraft Thermal Design: Practical Experience Ranger and Mariner Temperature Control Experiences Problems in the Thermal Design of Spacecraft Thermal Control Experience at TRW Systems Thermal Problems Revealed by Flight Experience with Small, Spin-Stabilized Satellites Contributors to Volume 18
