
Unto a Good Land
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Content
- Intro
- Title Page
- Copyright
- Contents in Brief
- Contents
- Table of Features
- Preface
- Reviewer Acknowledgments
- About the Authors
- 16 Reconstruction and the New South
- Wartime Reconstruction
- The Thirteenth Amendment
- Andrew Johnson and "Restoration"
- A Defiant South
- The First Congressional Reconstruction Plan
- The Fourteenth Amendment
- The Second Congressional Reconstruction Plan
- The Impeachment of Johnson
- The Fifteenth Amendment
- The Supreme Court and Reconstruction
- Forming Reconstruction Governments in the South
- The New Southern Electorate
- Republican Governments in Action
- White Violence
- The Disputed Election of 1876
- Democratic Governments in a "Redeemed" South
- The Populist Challenge and the End of Black Voting
- The Rise of Jim Crow
- The Supreme Court and Jim Crow
- Black Exertions for Freedom
- The Church
- The School
- Booker T. Washington and Self-Help
- Land and Labor
- The "New South" Promise
- Conclusion: The South at Century's End
- 17 Remaking the Trans-Mississippi Wests
- Native Peoples
- Diverse Ways of Life in the Southwest and Northwest
- Hunting Buffalo on the Great Plains
- Tribal Beliefs, Relations, and Practices
- The Indian Wars
- Challenges of White Settlement
- Local Militia
- Total War
- Negotiations and Reservations
- The Great Sioux War
- Devastation of the Buffalo Herds
- Surrender and Flight
- Attempts at Assimilation
- Partnership of Church and State
- Arousing Public Concern
- A Three-Pronged Approach: Education, Suppression, and Allotment
- New Settlers in the West
- Long Overland Journeys
- The Rise of the Railroads
- Settlers from Overseas and the Eastern States
- Mining the West
- Dreams of Gold
- Booming Towns and States
- Boom and Bust Economies
- Establishing Law and Order
- Cattle and Cowboys on the Plains
- Driving Cattle to Market
- Cowboy Culture
- Fences and Water Rights
- Natural Changes and Challenges
- Sheep versus Cattle
- Farming the West
- Free Land, Harsh Conditions
- New Technologies and Tactics
- The Rise of Agribusiness
- Farm Life and Community on the Plains
- Challenges of Settling Down
- Coming Together as Communities
- Immigrant Settlements and Americanization
- The West(s) of Imagination
- Conclusion: Profits and "Progress"
- 18 The New Industrial Order
- Post-Civil War National Economic Expectations
- The Railroads
- Building an Integrated Railway System
- Government Aid to Railroad Construction
- Travel by Train
- The Managerial Revolution
- Managerial Control
- Information and Management
- Business Education
- Taylorism and Scientific Management
- Thomas Edison and Industrial Technology
- Big Business America
- Andrew Carnegie and Big Steel
- Vertical and Horizontal Integration
- Competition and Combination
- Competition and Government Regulation
- The Bankers Step In
- The Character of Wealth
- Organized Labor
- Working-Class Protests and Strikes
- National Unions
- Conclusion: New Divides
- 19 The Modern Industrial City, 1850-1900
- Peopling the Modern City
- Urban Growth
- The Lure of the City
- The New Immigration
- The Golden Door
- Restrictions on Immigration
- Immigrant Employment and Destinations
- The Immigrant Enclave
- Immigrant Religion
- Community and Identity
- Becoming American in the Immigrant City
- The New Face of the City
- The Development of Mass Transportation
- The Skyscraper
- The Palace of Consumption
- Urban Lifestyles
- Slums
- The Struggle for Control of the City
- City Machine Politics
- Awakening Social Conscience
- Early Efforts at Reform
- The Social Gospel
- The Settlement House
- The City Enters the New Century
- Conclusion: Points of Convergence in the American City
- 20 Post-Civil War Thought and Culture
- National Culture and Faith in Progress
- Publishing: National and Local
- Modern Metropolitan Culture: The Growing Authority of Science and Progress
- Expertise
- Pragmatism and Religion
- Dissenting Views of Progress
- Rural and Small-Town North
- Negotiating Change in the Rural North
- The Distinctive South
- Divergent Subcultures
- Immigrants Encounter the New World
- Workers Respond to Industrial Progress
- Radical Visions of Progress
- Radical Critiques of Progress
- Conclusion: Voicing Alternatives
- 21 The Politics of the Gilded Age
- Political Parties and Political Stalemate
- A Delicate Balance of Power
- Muted Differences
- Political Culture
- Lingering Effects of the Civil War
- Getting Out the Vote
- The Spectacle of Campaigns
- Women's Influence
- Reining in the Spoilsmen
- The Appeal of Civil Service Reform
- Newspapers and Reform
- Impetus for Reform
- The Presidency and Congress Remade
- The Money Question
- The Depression of 1893 and the Gold Standard
- The Populist Challenge
- Farmers Come Together
- Populist Themes
- The Cross of Gold and the Election of 1896
- Conclusion: The End of the Old and the Rise of the New
- 22 Innocents Abroad: Expansion and Empire, 1865-1900
- Limits on Expansionism and Empire
- Forces for Expansion and Interest Overseas
- Securing North America
- Latin American Relations
- Pan-Americanism
- Rattling Sabers at the British
- American Business Interests
- Island Hopping in the Pacific
- An Open Door to China
- The Cuban Crisis
- A "Splendid Little War"
- The Great Debate over Imperialism
- Annexation?
- A Foundation for Nation-Building
- Conclusion: America and the World in 1900
- 23 In Search of Efficiency: The Values and Ideology of Progressivism, 1900-1917
- The Promise of a New Century
- Foundations of the American Dream
- Prosperity and Industrial Concentration
- Advertising the Nation's Success
- The Mass Pursuit of the Good Life
- The Search for Order and a Place in the Republic
- Diluting the WASP Consensus
- Sectional Variations on the American Theme
- African Americans-the Invisible Americans
- Women-Americans Who Would Be Heard
- "A Christian People"
- Protestants
- Catholics
- The Growth of Class Consciousness
- Religion from the Bottom Up
- The Growth of Professionalism
- Labor Gains and Labor Radicalism
- From Providence to Progress
- The Populist Heritage
- Muckrakers
- The Secularization of the American University
- Progressive Education
- A Theoretical Base for Progressivism
- The Heyday of American Socialism
- The Divided Mind of American Protestantism
- Conclusion: Progress and Progressivism
- 24 Progressivism in American Politics, 1901 to World War I
- The Core of the Progressive Agenda
- The Urban Social Justice Movement
- Saving the WASP Empire
- Local and State Political Reform
- Reorganizing American Cities
- Progressivism in the States
- Electoral Reform-Democratic and Undemocratic
- States Provide Models for Progressive Legislation
- Theodore Roosevelt and the Selling of National Progressivism
- Theodore Roosevelt Takes Center Stage
- The Extension of Regulation and Trustbusting
- Political Victory and the Square Deal
- A Beginning for Conservation
- Roosevelt Drifts to the Left
- Competing Progressive Visions
- Roosevelt Picks His Successor
- Taft Alienates the Progressives
- The Rift between Roosevelt and Taft
- The Election of 1912
- Wilsonian Progressivism
- The Scholar President
- Congress Backs the President
- Expanding the New Freedom
- Conclusion: The Legacy of Political Progressivism
- 25 A Sense of Mission: The United States in World Affairs, 1900-1920
- Roosevelt, Taft, and the World
- Missions Lead the Way Abroad
- Roosevelt and the Expansion of American Influence
- Peacemaking in the Pacific
- Tensions in Europe
- Wielding a "Big Stick" in Latin America
- Taft's Dollar Diplomacy
- Wilson Defines America's Moral Mission
- The Flowering of the American Peace Movement
- Wilson as Moralist and Realist
- Wilson and the Mexican Revolution
- Keeping Us out of War
- The Election of 1916
- Making the World Safe for Democracy
- Germany's Fateful Decision and Wilson's Troubled Choice
- The Call to Arms
- The American Expeditionary Force Contributes
- Organizing the Nation for War
- Rallying around the Flag
- Patriotism and Repression
- From Victory to Disillusionment
- From the Fourteen Points to the Peace of Paris
- America Rejects the Treaty of Versailles
- A Troubled Society
- The Red Scare
- Conclusion: The United States Becomes a World Power
- 26 An Exhilarating Decade: American Life in the 1920s
- A Decade of Relative Prosperity
- Welfare Capitalism and the Decline of Unionism
- The Consumer Boom Gathers Steam
- Americans on the Road and in the Air
- A Leisure Society
- Winds of Change
- The New Science
- The Literature of Revolt
- The New Morality and the New Woman
- The "New Negro"
- Conservative Backlash
- Religious Diversity and Confrontation
- Nativist Fears and Immigration Restrictions
- The Case against Foreigners
- The Ku Klux Klan Defines "Pure Americanism"
- The Failure of Prohibition
- The Spread of Organized Crime
- High Republican Politics
- The Election of 1920
- Harding and the Return to "Normalcy"
- Calvin Coolidge Rides the Boom
- The Coolidge Boom
- The Election of 1928
- The Great Engineer at the Wheel
- Boom and Bust in the Stock Market
- Conclusion: A Decade of Prosperity and Self-Analysis
- 27 The Great Depression and the New Deal
- Hoover Struggles with a Deepening Depression
- The Great Depression and Its Causes
- Hoover's Considered Response to a Worsening Collapse
- Too Little Too Late: Democrats and Republicans Attempt Reform
- The Election of 1932
- The Interregnum-the Depression's Darkest Hour
- Franklin D. Roosevelt and the First New Deal, 1933-1934
- The Roosevelt Persona
- The Hundred Days
- Roosevelt and the Moneychangers
- Relief and Public Works
- Conservation and Regional Planning
- The Beginning of Agricultural Subsidies
- The Blue Eagle Soars and Falters
- Labor Supports the New Deal
- Completing the First New Deal
- The Second New Deal and the Emergence of the Welfare State, 1935-1936
- A Democratic Sweep in 1934
- Radical Alternatives
- Launching the Second New Deal
- Extending Relief and Hoping for Recovery
- Agriculture and the Second New Deal
- Social Security and the Wealth-Tax Act
- The Triumph of Labor
- The Limits of Reform
- The Democratic Sweep of 1936
- A Faltering Recovery and Labor Unrest
- The "Court-Packing" Fight
- The Primaries Purge of 1938
- The New Deal Ends
- Conclusion: The Depression and the Political Transformation of America
- 28 Depression Decade
- Depression Moods
- A People Beset
- On the Road
- Family Strains and Future Hopes
- Extremist Echoes in Depression Thought
- The Red Romance
- The Center Holds
- The Great Education Debate
- Religion Retreats from Reform
- The Regrouping of America: Ethnicity, Class, and Religion in the Depression Decade
- Accelerating Ethnic Assimilation
- Decentralizing Tendencies in Unions and Churches
- Gains and Setbacks for Women
- Patterns of Discrimination
- Expanding Regional Sensibilities
- The Arts Serve the Nation
- Depression Literature: Suffering, Endurance, Patriotism
- Art and Architecture Turn Serious
- Radio Unites the Nation
- Movies Come of Age
- Life Goes On
- Conclusion: The Depression Legacy
- 29 The Dilemmas of Power: America and the World, 1921-1945
- The Ambivalent Giant
- Internationalism and Its Limits in the 1920s
- Assertiveness in Latin America
- Tensions with Japan and Russia
- The Long Shadows of War
- The Rise of the Axis Powers
- Appeasement and Isolationism
- The Outbreak of War in Europe, 1938-1939
- American Response to European War: 1939-1941
- Toward Belligerency
- The Open Door Shuts
- Pearl Harbor
- The United States at War
- Forging Allied Strategy
- Turning the Pacific Tide
- Mobilizing "the Arsenal of Democracy"
- Loyalty on the Home Front
- The Return of Prosperity and the Wartime Consumer
- Women at War
- Wartime Roots of the Civil Rights Movement
- Other Outsiders
- The Japanese Internment
- God at War
- "Dr. Win-the-War" and the 1944 Election
- Victory
- Wartime Diplomacy
- Liberating Western Europe
- Ending of the War in the Pacific
- The Manhattan Project and the Beginning of the Nuclear Age
- The GI's War
- Learning of the Holocaust
- Creating a New International Order
- Constructing the United Nations and an International Framework
- Conclusion: A Nation Transformed by War
- 30 In the Shadow of the Bomb: The Cold War in the Truman Years
- Paths Back to Normal Life
- Harry S Truman
- Reconversion and the Baby Boom
- Prices, Wages, and Strikes
- The Eightieth Congress
- Toward the Good Life
- "To Secure These Rights"
- The Cold War Begins
- The Iron Curtain Descends
- Planning for National Security
- The Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan
- Strategies for the Cold War
- "Containment" Takes Shape
- Reviving Western Germany and the Berlin Blockade
- Truman's Second Administration: The Fair Deal and a Global Cold War
- Truman's Stunning Victory
- The Fair Deal
- Ever-Colder War
- NATO and the Building of the Western Alliance
- The Soviet Atom Bomb and the Remobilization of the American Military
- Cold War in Asia
- The Korean War
- Espionage, Anti-Communism, and McCarthyism
- Espionage and Security
- The Politics and Religion of Anti-Communism
- McCarthyism
- Conclusion: An Anxious Age
- 31 Containment, Contentment, Discontent: Eisenhower Republicanism and the Fifties
- Dwight D. Eisenhower and the New Republicanism
- The Election of 1952
- An American Hero
- Curtailing Federal Influence
- The Interstate Highway System
- The Election of 1956
- The Second Reconstruction
- Patterns of Inequality
- Judicial Action and Southern Resistance
- New Strategies and New Leaders
- Confronting International Communism: The Eisenhower Strategy of Containment
- John Foster Dulles: Moralist and Pragmatist
- Leashing Chiang
- Nationalism and Marxism in the Third World
- The New Look for Defense
- America and the Third World
- The "Missile Gap"
- The Cold War Warms and Thaws
- Society and Culture at Mid-Century
- Affluent America
- Dwindling Diversity
- The Flowering of American Education
- Fifties Families
- Cars and Subdivisions Alter the Landscape
- Consumer Goods and Entertainment
- Art and Literature, Popular and Critical
- Music: Serious, Popular, and "Rock 'n' Roll"
- The Religious Boom
- Religious Superstars and Media Religion
- Consensus, Conformity, and Criticism
- Conclusion: Conservatism, Consensus, and Conscience
- 32 The Climax of Liberalism in the Sixties and Seventies
- The Ideological and Cultural Sources of Sixties Liberalism
- The Flowering of Postwar Liberalism
- The Accelerating Civil Rights Revolution
- The Black Pride Movement and the Rise of Black Militancy
- The New Women's Movement
- Gay and Lesbian Rights
- The Rising Hispanic Consciousness
- Native Americans Assert Their Rights
- The New Left and the Counterculture
- The Rise of the New Left
- Revolt on Campus
- Hippies and the Counterculture
- From Folk to Rock
- Drug Use and New Sexual Mores
- Environmentalism
- Conservatism and Mainstream American Culture in the Sixties and Seventies
- The Postwar Conservative Intelligentsia
- Popular Conservatism
- Backlash against Social Change and Disruption
- Mainstream Issues: Crime and Education
- Trouble in the Religious Mainstream
- The Changing Face of American Catholicism
- New Religious Movements
- The Evangelical Revival and the Rise of the Religious Right
- The Pentecostal Revival and the Rise of Televangelism
- Television, Movies, and Popular Music
- The Burgeoning Sports Craze
- The Arts and Literature
- Conclusion: Coming Apart and Holding Together
- 33 The Liberal Hour: Politics in the Sixties
- John F. Kennedy and the New Frontier
- The Election of 1960
- The Kennedy Mystique
- The Best and the Brightest
- The New Frontier at Home
- Kennedy and Civil Rights
- The Perils of Containment: The Kennedy Foreign Policy
- Cold War Legacy
- The Bay of Pigs
- Kennedy and Khrushchev
- The Cuban Missile Crisis
- Growing Crisis in Vietnam
- Assassination and Legacy
- Lyndon Johnson and the Reshaping of America
- A Rage for Reform: The Political Character of Lyndon Johnson
- Johnson Takes Charge
- The Election of 1964
- Constructing the Great Society
- The Warren Court under Siege
- Johnson Presses Civil Rights
- The Johnson Domestic Legacy
- Lyndon Johnson, the Cold War, and the Dilemma of Vietnam
- The Vietnam Quagmire
- Gulf of Tonkin and the Expansion of the War
- New Tactics-Search and Destroy
- The United States at War
- Growing Dissent at Home
- The Wages of Globalism-Latin America, the Middle East, and Detente
- Tet and the Devolution of the Johnson Administration
- Winding Down the Liberal Experiment
- More Assassinations
- The Raucous Democratic Convention in Chicago
- The Political Reincarnation of Richard Nixon
- The Election of 1968
- Conclusion: The Legacy of Sixties Liberalism
- 34 A Nation Beset: Politics from Nixon to Reagan
- The Nixon Years on the Home Front
- The Political Persona of Richard Nixon
- The Southern Strategy and the Building of Modern Republicanism
- The Supreme Court Moves to the Right
- The War on Crime and Radicalism
- Opening the Debate on Welfare and the Family Assistance Program
- The New Federalism
- Seeking a Balance on the Environment
- Stagflation and the Decline of the American Economy
- Equal Rights?
- Nixon, Kissinger, and Realpolitik
- Nixon and Kissinger
- "Peace with Honor" in Vietnam
- Arms Control Stalemate
- Mounting Opposition to the War in Vietnam
- Cambodia and Kent State
- Congressional Revolt and the Deterioration of Public Support
- To the Brink of Peace
- Openings to Beijing and Moscow
- Nixon's Disastrous Second Term
- The Election of 1972
- Exiting the Quagmire
- The Yom Kippur War
- Watergate
- The Unraveling of the Presidency
- America on Hold
- Interregnum: The Presidency of Gerald R. Ford
- The Election of 1976
- Discovering Jimmy Carter
- The Economic Crisis and Carter's Domestic Agenda
- Losing the Battle for Energy Independence
- The Carter Foreign Policy-Human Rights and Open Diplomacy
- A Freeze on Detente
- The United States and the Developing Nations
- The Middle East: Breakthrough and Hostages
- The Election of 1980
- Conclusion: A Nation Beset
- 35 A Turn to the Right: The Reagan and First Bush Presidencies
- American Politics Turns to the Right
- Ronald Reagan and the Politics of Conservatism
- Constructing a Republican Coalition
- The Reagan Administration
- Supply Side Economics
- Economic Resurgence
- Expanding the Military
- Cutting Government
- Reheating the Cold War
- Terrorism
- An Easy Victory: Grenada
- A Protracted Mess: Iran, Nicaragua, and Iran-Contra
- Reagan, Gorbachev, and Perestroika
- Four More Years
- The Deficit Spiral
- Deregulation and the Downsizing of American Business
- Employment Patterns and Labor Organization
- The New World Order, Economic Drift, and Gridlock: The Bush Years
- The Election of 1988
- George Herbert Walker Bush
- Holding the Line on the Home Front
- Politics and the Conservative Social Agenda
- The Clarence Thomas Confirmation Fight
- The End of the Cold War
- The China Puzzle
- Policing the Caribbean
- The Gulf War
- Desert Storm
- The Culture Wars and the Election of 1992
- The Challenge of Pluralism, Diversity, and Multiculturalism: The American Salad Bowl
- The Election of 1992
- Conclusion: American Confidence and the New World Order
- 36 The Politics of Equilibrium: The Clinton and Bush Presidencies
- The Clinton Presidency: Toward a Centrist Policy
- The Residual Influence of the Religious Left
- The Clinton Presidency Begins
- A Step to the Left
- Healthcare Reform
- A Continuing National Trauma Over Abortion
- Environmentalism
- Militant Militias and Radical Discontent
- The Economic Boom of the Clinton Years
- The Republican Insurgency and the Contract With America
- Clinton Occupies the Center
- Crime, Drugs, Guns, and Violence
- Welfare Reform
- The Election of 1996
- Farmers Get a New Deal
- The Clinton Scandals
- The Election of 1998
- Soaring Economy, Budget Surpluses, and Post-Scandal Politics
- Searching for a Foreign Policy
- Peacekeeping and "Nation Building"
- War and Peace in the Middle East
- The Clinton Legacy
- Peaks and Valleys in the Presidency of George W. Bush
- The Election of 2000
- George W. Bush Takes the Helm
- 9/11
- The War on Terrorism
- The War on Terror Goes Abroad: Afghanistan
- Operation Iraqi Freedom
- Assessing the Bush Foreign Policy
- The Economy
- Simmering Domestic Agendas
- Republicans Gain Momentum: The Elections of 2002 and 2004
- The Bush Record and Persona
- A Second Term: Spending His Capital
- Conclusion: A Delicate Balance
- 37 American Culture in the New Millennium: A "Culture War," a Stable Center
- The Nation's Changing Makeup
- Patterns of Growth and Mobility
- Immigration Patterns and Concerns
- Persisting Patterns of Poverty
- Hope and Alienation for African Americans
- Gender Gains and the Gender Gap
- Grading Public Education
- Focus on Family Values
- Sexual Patterns and Sexual Politics
- The AIDS Epidemic
- Economic Surge and Retreat
- The Economic Surge of the 1990s
- The International Impact of Multinational Corporations
- The Economic Slowdown and Recovery
- The Search for Values
- Science, Computers, the Internet, and the Future
- Literature, the Arts, and Popular Culture
- Fitness, Sports, and New Heroes
- Values, Habits, and the American Way of Life
- Mainstream Protestantism Moves Left
- Roman Catholicism Moves Right
- The Continuing Acculturation of Old Outsiders
- New Religious Outsiders
- Resurgent Evangelicalism
- Conclusion: Unto a Good Land-the Enduring American Vision
- Appendix
- Credits
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