
Unto a Good Land
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Content
- Intro
- Title Page
- Copyright
- Contents
- Table of Features
- Preface
- Reviewer Acknowledgments
- About the Authors
- Prologue. The North American Continent and Its Native Peoples
- Native Peoples
- Language Groups and the Land
- Economy and Trade
- Cultures and Religions
- 1. Discovery, Encounter, and Conquest, 1492-1607
- The European Rediscovery of North America
- Early Iberian Adventures
- France's First Probes
- Renaissance and Reformation
- The Renaissance
- The Reformation
- European Powers and Perceptions
- Spain in the Americas
- Spain's New World Possessions
- Imperial Government, Christian Missions, and Slavery
- French Colonization
- The French Empire
- Jesuit Missions
- The Fur Trade
- Holland and Sweden Join the Race
- New Netherland
- New Sweden
- England Catches Up
- The Cabots
- England on the Sidelines
- Protestant Crusaders, Pirates, and Explorers
- Roanoke
- A Lost Colony, A Saved Nation
- The Columbian Exchange
- Conclusion: A Time of Testing
- 2. England's First "Foreign Plantations": The Chesapeake and New England, 1607-1676
- The Push for Emigration
- Upper Classes
- Land and Labor
- Population Growth and the Conquest of Ireland
- Religion and Rhetoric
- Success in the Chesapeake
- The Virginia Company of London
- Jamestown
- The Weed and the Economy
- Demography and Representative Government
- Virginia and the Indians
- Virginia Society
- Catholicism and the Calverts
- Slavery and Servitude in the Chesapeake
- A New England Way
- The Separating Pilgrims
- The Reforming Puritans
- Settlement Patterns
- The Puritan Ideology of New England
- Dissenters
- Expansion and Trade
- Native Americans and the English
- Missionary Activity
- The Pequot War
- King Philip's War
- Bacon's Rebellion
- Conclusion: Differentiating Cultures
- 3. The Empire: Torn, Restored, Enlarged, 1640-1732
- Turmoil in England
- The Civil War and After
- Religion Unleashed and Religion Restrained
- Mercantilism
- The Restoration Colonies and the Dominion of New England
- The Carolinas
- New York and New Jersey
- Pennsylvania and the "Lower Counties"
- James II and the Dominion of New England
- Colonial Unrest and Puritan Strife
- The Glorious Revolution in America
- Puritanism Under Pressure
- Imperial Wars, Imperial Interests
- King William's and Queen Anne's Wars
- Colonial Reorganization
- Outpost of Empire: Georgia
- Conclusion: Establishing Stability and Order
- 4. From Plantations to Provinces: The Evolution of American Society and Culture, 1660-1763
- Colonial Society
- Pre-Industrial Colonial Economies
- Colonial Family Life
- Servants and Slaves
- Schools and Scholars
- The American Enlightenment
- Literature: New Secular and Enduring Spiritual Concerns
- The Waning of Artistic Provincialism
- "And All Was Light": Science and the American Enlightenment
- Practical Sciences: Medicine and Law
- The Great Awakening and Its Consequences
- George Whitefield and Jonathan Edwards
- Religious Realignments
- Slave Religion
- Colleges: "Nurseries of Piety"
- Conclusion: Growth, Revival, and Cultural Maturity
- 5. Self-Governing Colonies in a Changing Empire, 1700-1775
- The Practice of Colonial Politics
- Politics at Home
- Politics Abroad
- The Contest for a Continent
- Spain: Safeguarding an Empire
- France: Winning an Empire
- Political Thought and Political Passion in British North America
- The Great War for Empire
- An Aggressive Kingdom
- A Roused People
- Religious Imperialism
- Colonists Convene a Congress
- Conclusion: Battles for Control
- 6. The Struggle for American Independence, 1775-1783
- Going to War
- On Lexington Green
- The Road to Concord - and Back
- Toward Independence
- Loyalists, Patriots, and Pacifists
- The Declaration of Independence
- Getting Congress to Move
- Thomas Jefferson and the Declaration
- The Continental Army: Friends and Foes
- American Strategy - Hit and Run
- British Strategy - Occupy, Divide, and Conquer
- Saratoga and France
- Defeat, Treason, Despair
- The War and American Society
- Race and the Revolution
- Native Americans and the West
- Women and the Revolution
- Soldiers at the Front, Citizens on the Line
- Science, Art, and Literature amid the Carnage
- Moral and Religious Values
- Victory and Peace
- The War at Sea
- The Road to Yorktown
- Diplomacy and Peace
- Conclusion: War and Nation-building
- 7. From Confederation to Federal Union, 1781-1788
- The Sovereign States
- Revising the State Constitutions
- Revising State Expectations
- The Union and Its Limits
- Articles of Confederation
- Western Lands and the Northwest Ordinance
- State Government, Shays's Rebellion, and the Crisis of Confederation
- Religion after the Revolution
- Disestablishment and "Decline"
- New and Vital Religious Forces
- A Constitutional Convention
- Delegates and Principles
- The Critical Compromises
- The Final Result
- The Rocky Road toward Ratification
- The Federalists
- The Anti-Federalists
- The State Conventions and the People
- The Bill of Rights
- Conclusion: A New Republic
- 8. First Presidents and Crucial Precedents, 1789-1809
- George Washington and National Unity
- The Executive: Washington and His Cabinet
- Millennialism and the Republic
- The Legislature: Washington and Congress
- The Judiciary and the Supreme Court
- Alexander Hamilton and Economic Structures
- Foreign Affairs and Bitter Final Days
- John Adams and the Rise of Political Parties
- The Party Spirit
- The Contest of 1796
- War with France?
- Adams and the Ordeal of Liberty
- Defeat and Disillusionment
- The Revolution of 1800 and a Jeffersonian Republic
- The Election and Jefferson's First Inaugural
- John Marshall Leads the Supreme Court
- Economics and Politics at Home
- The Louisiana Purchase and the West
- To the Shores of Tripoli - and Beyond
- The Jeffersonian Legacy
- Art and Architecture
- Education and Science
- Gender and Race
- Reason and Religion
- Conclusion: Building and Nurturing the New Nation
- 9. Nationalism, Capitalism, Sectionalism, and Religion in the Early Republic
- Asserting Independence: From the War of 1812 to the Monroe Doctrine
- "Peaceful Coercion" Fails
- American Expansionists
- Indian Resistance to White Expansion
- "Mr. Madison's War"
- The Failed Invasions of Canada
- The Naval War
- The Shifting Fortunes of War
- Making Peace and Winning a Victory
- A Burst of Nationalism
- The End of the Federalists
- John Quincy Adams's Continental Diplomacy
- The Monroe Doctrine
- Building a United Nation: The Market Economy and the Marshall Court
- The Emergence of a Capitalist National Economy
- An Economic Policy for Capitalist Development: The American System
- John Marshall and National Supremacy
- State Law and Corporations
- New Technologies and the Transportation Revolution
- The Seeds of Sectionalism
- "A Fire Bell in the Night"
- The Panic of 1819
- The Missouri Compromise
- The Evangelical Resurgence
- Northern Protestantism Responds to Challenges
- The Great Revival in the South
- Conclusion: Optimism and Challenges
- 10. The Modernizing North
- The Industrial Revolution
- Traditional Production
- Emergence of a New Industrial System
- The Factory System Evolves
- The American System
- Immigration
- The Immigrants
- Urbanization
- Urban Growth
- Urban Life
- Labor Movements
- From Artisans to Workers
- Labor Unions
- Religious Revivalism and Social Reform
- The Democratization of Christianity
- Charles G. Finney and Modern Revivalism
- Religion and Reform
- Catholic Revivalism
- An Age of Reform
- Temperance
- Horace Mann and the Educational Crusade
- A Smorgasbord of Reforms
- Antislavery
- The Colonization Movement
- The New Antislavery Movement
- The Radical Abolitionists
- Women's Rights
- The Women's Movement
- The Cult of True Womanhood
- Arts, Letters, and Utopias
- The New England Renaissance
- Probing Human Nature
- Popular Culture
- Utopianism
- Conclusion: Dramatic Shifts and Unprecedented Changes
- 11. The Old South
- Plantation Economies
- Rise of King Cotton
- White Southerners
- Plain Folk and Planters
- Daily Life in the Old South
- Towns and Industry
- White Women in the Old South
- Religion as an Institution
- Religion and Slavery
- Black Southerners
- Diversity within Slavery
- Life and Labor
- Urban and Industrial Slavery
- Free Blacks
- Slaves as Human Property
- Slave Family Life
- Housing, Food, and Health Care
- Work Routines
- Discipline
- Slave Culture
- Africa Forgotten and Reclaimed
- Black Christianity
- Slave Rebellion
- Conclusion: The Stark Anomaly of Slavery
- 12. The Coming of Democratic Politics: Andrew Jackson and the Second Party System, 1824-1844
- The Democratization of American Politics
- The End of the Virginia Dynasty
- President John Quincy Adams
- Martin Van Buren and the Rise of the Political Party
- The Election of Andrew Jackson
- The Jackson Administration
- The "Spoils System" and the New Presidency
- Jackson's Indian Policy
- Nullification
- The Bank War
- The Second B.U.S. and the Nation's Banking System
- Jackson Takes on the B.U.S.
- The Consequences: The Panic of 1837
- The Origins of the Second Party System
- Traditional Political Opposition to Jackson
- Anti-Masonry
- Religion in Jacksonian Politics
- Sabbatarianism
- The Anti-Sabbatarianism Backlash
- Ethnic and Cultural Origins of the Whig Party
- Conclusion: Emerging Sectionalism
- 13. Territorial Expansion, Manifest Destiny, and the Mexican War
- Controversies with Canada
- The Caroline Incident
- The Aroostook War
- The Webster-Ashburton Treaty
- The Near West: Texas
- Spanish Texas
- Stephen F. Austin and Anglo Settlement in Texas
- The Texas Revolution
- The Texas Nation
- The Failed Attempt to Annex Texas
- The Far West: Oregon and California
- Spanish California
- The Fur Trade and Mountain Men
- The Santa Fe Trail
- Army Exploration of the West
- Early Settlement of the Oregon Territory
- Oregon Fever and the Oregon Trail
- The Election of James K. Polk
- Victory of a Dark Horse Candidate
- The Annexation of Texas
- Manifest Destiny
- The "All of Oregon" Movement
- Polk's Campaign for Oregon
- Polk Maneuvers for California
- The Mexican War
- Mr. Polk's War
- Military Success in Mexico
- Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
- Growth of Utah and California
- Joseph Smith and the Origins of Mormonism
- Opposition to the Mormons
- The Mormons' Deseret Empire
- The Mormon War
- California and the Gold Rush
- Conclusion: News from the South
- 14. Sectionalism and Slavery's Dark Cloud: The Coming of the Civil War, 1846-1861
- Confronting "the Slave Power"
- Slavery in the Territories
- From the California Gold Rush to the Uneasy Compromise of 1850
- Uncle Tom's Cabin
- The Collapse of the Whig Party
- The Storm over Fugitive Slaves
- Douglas's Kansas-Nebraska Bill
- The Party System in Flux
- Anti-Catholicism and the Know-Nothings
- The Rise of the Republican Party
- The Road to Civil War
- Bleeding Kansas
- The Ominous Election of 1856
- The Dred Scott Decision
- National Divisions Widen
- Lincoln and Douglas Debate
- John Brown's Raid
- The Fateful Election of 1860
- Lincoln and the Secession Crisis
- Conclusion: Outbreak of War at Fort Sumter
- 15. "This Mighty Scourge": The Civil War Years
- Mobilizing and Nation-Building
- The North-South Balance Sheet
- Raising Armies
- The First Battles
- Stalemate
- Slavery and the War
- The Emancipation Proclamation
- Turning the Tide
- The Diplomatic and Naval War
- Wartime Social Strains
- A New Kind of War
- The Grapes of Wrath: Faith in Battle
- Toward Union Victory
- Grant's New Strategy
- Bringing the War Home to the South
- The Last Days of Southern Slavery
- The War Ends
- Conclusion: The Meaning of the Civil War
- 16. Reconstruction and the New South
- Wartime Reconstruction
- The Thirteenth Amendment
- Andrew Johnson and "Restoration"
- A Defiant South
- The First Congressional Reconstruction Plan
- The Fourteenth Amendment
- The Second Congressional Reconstruction Plan
- The Impeachment of Johnson
- The Fifteenth Amendment
- The Supreme Court and Reconstruction
- Forming Reconstruction Governments in the South
- The New Southern Electorate
- Republican Governments in Action
- White Violence
- The Disputed Election of 1876
- Democratic Governments in a "Redeemed" South
- The Populist Challenge and the End of Black Voting
- The Rise of Jim Crow
- The Supreme Court and Jim Crow
- Black Exertions for Freedom
- The Church
- The School
- Booker T. Washington and Self-Help
- Land and Labor
- The "New South" Promise
- Conclusion: The South at Century's End
- 17. Remaking the Trans-Mississippi Wests
- Native Peoples
- Diverse Ways of Life in the Southwest and Northwest
- Hunting Buffalo on the Great Plains
- Tribal Beliefs, Relations, and Practices
- The Indian Wars
- Challenges of White Settlement
- Local Militia
- Total War
- Negotiations and Reservations
- The Great Sioux War
- Devastation of the Buffalo Herds
- Surrender and Flight
- Attempts at Assimilation
- Partnership of Church and State
- Arousing Public Concern
- A Three-Pronged Approach: Education, Suppression, and Allotment
- New Settlers in the West
- Long Overland Journeys
- The Rise of the Railroads
- Settlers from Overseas and the Eastern States
- Mining the West
- Dreams of Gold
- Booming Towns and States
- Boom and Bust Economies
- Establishing Law and Order
- Cattle and Cowboys on the Plains
- Driving Cattle to Market
- Cowboy Culture
- Fences and Water Rights
- Natural Changes and Challenges
- Sheep versus Cattle
- Farming the West
- Free Land, Harsh Conditions
- New Technologies and Tactics
- The Rise of Agribusiness
- Farm Life and Community on the Plains
- Challenges of Settling Down
- Coming Together as Communities
- Immigrant Settlements and Americanization
- The West(s) of Imagination
- Conclusion: Profits and "Progress"
- 18. The New Industrial Order
- Post-Civil War National Economic Expectations
- The Railroads
- Building an Integrated Railway System
- Government Aid to Railroad Construction
- Travel by Train
- The Managerial Revolution
- Managerial Control
- Information and Management
- Business Education
- Taylorism and Scientific Management
- Thomas Edison and Industrial Technology
- Big Business America
- Andrew Carnegie and Big Steel
- Vertical and Horizontal Integration
- Competition and Combination
- Competition and Government Regulation
- The Bankers Step In
- The Character of Wealth
- Organized Labor
- Working-Class Protests and Strikes
- National Unions
- Conclusion: New Divides
- 19. The Modern Industrial City, 1850-1900
- Peopling the Modern City
- Urban Growth
- The Lure of the City
- The New Immigration
- The Golden Door
- Restrictions on Immigration
- Immigrant Employment and Destinations
- The Immigrant Enclave
- Immigrant Religion
- Community and Identity
- Becoming American in the Immigrant City
- The New Face of the City
- The Development of Mass Transportation
- The Skyscraper
- The Palace of Consumption
- Urban Lifestyles
- Slums
- The Struggle for Control of the City
- City Machine Politics
- Awakening Social Conscience
- Early Efforts at Reform
- The Social Gospel
- The Settlement House
- The City Enters the New Century
- Conclusion: Points of Convergence in the American City
- 20. Post-Civil War Thought and Culture
- National Culture and Faith in Progress
- Publishing: National and Local
- Modern Metropolitan Culture: The Growing Authority of Science and Progress
- Expertise
- Pragmatism and Religion
- Dissenting Views of Progress
- Rural and Small-Town North
- Negotiating Change in the Rural North
- The Distinctive South
- Divergent Subcultures
- Immigrants Encounter the New World
- Workers Respond to Industrial Progress
- Radical Visions of Progress
- Radical Critiques of Progress
- Conclusion: Voicing Alternatives
- 21. The Politics of the Gilded Age
- Political Parties and Political Stalemate
- A Delicate Balance of Power
- Muted Differences
- Political Culture
- Lingering Effects of the Civil War
- Getting Out the Vote
- The Spectacle of Campaigns
- Women's Influence
- Reining in the Spoilsmen
- The Appeal of Civil Service Reform
- Newspapers and Reform
- Impetus for Reform
- The Presidency and Congress Remade
- The Money Question
- The Depression of 1893 and the Gold Standard
- The Populist Challenge
- Farmers Come Together
- Populist Themes
- The Cross of Gold and the Election of 1896
- Conclusion: The End of the Old and the Rise of the New
- 22. Innocents Abroad: Expansion and Empire, America and the World, 1865-1900
- Limits on Expansionism and Empire
- Forces for Expansion and Interest Overseas
- Securing North America
- Latin American Relations
- Pan-Americanism
- Rattling Sabers at the British
- American Business Interests
- Island Hopping in the Pacific
- An Open Door to China
- The Cuban Crisis
- A "Splendid Little War"
- The Great Debate over Imperialism
- Annexation?
- A Foundation for Nation-Building
- Conclusion: America and the World in 1900
- Appendix
- Credits
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