Handbook of Terminology Management

Name: Handbook of Terminology Management | Volume 2: Application-Oriented Terminology Management
Brand: John Benjamins Publishing Company
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Volume 2: Application-Oriented Terminology Management

John Benjamins Publishing Company

1st Edition

Published on 9. March 2001

XVI, 549 pages

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978-90-272-8368-9 (ISBN)

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HANDBOOK OF TERMINOLOGY MANAGEMENT
Title page
Copyright page
Table of contents
List of Illustrations
The Handbook of Terminology Management Introduction to Volume II
THE NATURE OF A HANDBOOK
TERMINOLOGY MANAGEMENT
THE SCOPE OF TERMINOLOGY MANAGEMENT
VOLUME II: APPLICATIONS-ORIENTED TERMINOLOGY MANAGEMENT
ORGANIZATIONAL PHILOSOPHY AND INFORMATION RETRIEVAL MECHANISMS
How TO USE THIS BOOK
Section 6. Information Management
Section 6.1 Computer-Assisted Thesaurus Management
1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Aim and Contents
1.2 Thesauri
1.3 Thesaurus Management
1.4 Computer Assistance
1.4.1 Specialized vs. integrated tools
1.4.2 Data Modeling
1.4.3 Functions
1.4.4 User-Friendliness
2 DATA AND DATA STRUCTURE
2.1 Conceptual Data Modelling
2.1.1 Introduction
2.1.2 Data Elements and Relations
2.2 IMPLEMENTATION OPTIONS
2.2.1 Degrading the Model
2.2.2 Off-the-shelf vs. Custom-tailored Systems
2.3 DATA MANAGEMENT
2.3.1 Data Elements
2.3.2 Relations
3 USER FUNCTIONS
3.1 Searching for and Manipulating Concepts
3.1.1 Retrieving Terms
3.1.2 Displaying Concepts
3.1.3 Exploiting Relations
3.1.4 Manipulating Sets
3.2 From Concepts to Documents: Retrieval
3.3 From Documents to Concepts: Indexing
4 MANAGEMENT FUNCTIONS
4.1 Thesaurus Creation
4.1.1 Data Collection
4.1.2 Structuring
4.1.3 Enrichment
4.2 Thesaurus Production
4.2.1 Printed Formats
4.2.2 Electronic Formats
4.3 THESAURUS MAINTENANCE
4.3.1 Recording Modification Requests
4.3.2 Recording Decisions
4.3.3 Issuing Update Products
4.3.4 Managing Successive Versions
4.3.5 Statistics
5 CHOOSING THE RIGHT SOLUTION
5.1 Outsourcing vs. In-house Thesaurus Management
5.2 Decision Checklist
REFERENCES
Section 6.2. Terminology and Indexing
1 KEYWORDS AND INDICES-DIFFERENT FUNCTIONS INRETRIEVAL
2 THE INDEXING PROCESS
3 TERM SELECTION
REFERENCES
Section 6.3. The Role of Terminology in Retrieving Information
1 THE PROBLEMS OF RETRIEVAL
2 RETRIEVAL EFFECTIVENESS AND ITS EVALUATION
3 INFORMATION RETRIEVAL-A PRINCIPAL USE OF ATERMINOLOGY
4 THE DIALOGUE OF RETRIEVAL: A DIALOGUE AMONG AUTHOR, INQUIRER, AND OTHERS
5 TECHNIQUES OF CONSTRUCTING A SEARCH STRATEGY
6 Enhanced Retrieval Techniques
REFERENCES
Section 7. Commercial and Industrial Applications
Section 7.1. Terminology in Technical Writing
1 WHAT IS TECHNICAL WRITING?
1.1 Model-driven Information Design
2 TERMINOLOGIES FOR TECHNICAL WRITERS
3 FUNCTIONAL DEFINITIONS
3.1 Semantic Structure of Definitions
3.2 Grammatical Structure of Semantic Primitives
4 TASK-DRIVEN APPROACHES FOR SKILL ACQUISITION
4.1 Action-centered Concept Systems
4.2 Object-Centered Concept Systems
5 KNOWLEDGE-DRIVEN APPROACHES FOR DOMAINOVERVIEW
6 KNOWLEDGE-DRIVEN APPROACHES FOR PRODUCT CLASSIFICATION
REFERENCES
Section 7.2. Industrial Management
7.2.1 Terminology as an Organizational Principlein CIM Environments
1 INTRODUCTION
2 TERMINOLOGY AND INFORMATION MANAGEMENT
2.1 Terminology Applications in Enterprises
2.2 Terminology within the Management Structure
3 THE ROLE OF TERMINOLOGY IN COMPUTER INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTS
3.1 Master Data Files and Data Dictionaries
3.2 Islands in the Stream
3.3 Linear Development Structures
3.4 Simultaneous Project Management
3.5 Forging Physical Links in the Production Chain
REFERENCES
7.2.2 Terminology-Based Knowledge Engineeringin Enterprises
1 INTRODUCTION
2 INDEXING MODEL FOR THE DESCRIPTION OF TECHNICALINFORMATION IN ENTERPRISES
3 THE INDEXING MODEL AT THE COMPANY LEVEL
3.1 System Implementation
3.2 Retrieval Structures
4 RESULTS AND OUTLOOK
REFERENCES
7.2.3 Terminology and Total Quality Management
1 TERMINOLOGY FOR QUALITY ASSURANCE
1.1 Quality Control
1.2 Quality Assurance
1.3 Total Quality Management
2 RELIABILITY AS A FUNCTION OF REPEATABILITY ANDREPRODUCIBILITY
3 SIGNIFICANT CHARACTERISTICS
4 OPTIONAL METHODOLOGIES
4.1 The Text as a Source of Information
4.2 The Lexical Problem-Solving Approach
4.3 The Terminological Problem-Solving Approach
4 TERM REUSABILITY
5 QUALITY ASSURANCE FOR TERMINOLOGY MANAGEMENT
REFERENCES
7.2.4 Project-Integrated Terminology Managementfor Technical Writing and Translation
1 INTRODUCTION
2 SOURCE LANGUAGE TERMINOLOGY
2.1 Technical Orientation
2.2 Labels and Screens
2.3 Text of the Manual
3 TARGET LANGUAGE TERMINOLOGY
3.1 Completing Terminological Entries
3.2 Terminology Resources
4 THE ECONOMICS OF TERMINOLOGY MANAGEMENT
7.2·5 Software Terminology and Localization
1 OVERVIEW
2 SOFTWARE TERMINOLOGY AND LOCALIZATION
3 THE CONCEPT OF IMPLIED USER
3.1 Locale-Related Expectations
3.2 The Implied User's Level of Competence
4 TYPICAL FEATURES OF SOFTWARE TERMINOLOGY
5 WORKING WITH TERMINOLOGY
5.1 The Importance of Detailed Glossaries
5.2 Managing Additional Information
5.3 Software Glossaries
5.4 Additional Terminological Tasks
6 CONSISTENCY AND STANDARDIZATION
REFERENCES
Section 8. Computer Applications for Terminology
8.1 Database Management Methods
8.1.1 Criteria for Evaluating Terminology Database Management Programs
1 INTRODUCTION
2 TECHNICAL ASPECTS
3 TERMINOLOGICAL ASPECTS
4 USER INTERFACE ASPECTS
5 ORGANIZATIONAL ASPECTS
6 ECONOMIC ASPECTS
7 EVALUATION SCENARIOS
REFERENCES
8.1.2 Data Categories for Terminology Management
1 TERMBASES
2 DATA ELEMENTS AND DATA CATEGORIES
2.1 Sets of Data Categories
2.2 Data Category Specifications
2.2.1 Data Category Name
2.2.2 Data Category Description
2.2.3 Data Type and Permissible Instances
2.2.4 Granularity
2.2.5 The Elemental Nature of Data Categories
2.2.6 Redundancy and Shared Resources
3 ISO 12620:1999, COMPUTER APPLICATIONS - DATA CATEGORIES
3.1 Terms
3.2 Term-related Information
3.2 Equivalence
3.4 Subject Field Classification
3.5 Concept-related Description
3.6 Relationships between Pairs of Concepts
3.7 Position of Concepts within Concept Systems
3.8 Note
3.9 Documentary Languages
3.10 Other Administrative Information
3.11 The Representation of Data Categories for Data Interchange
3.12 Links
3.13 Bibliographic Data Categories
4 APPLYING ISO 12620 DATA CATEGORIES
REFERENCES
8.1.3 Terminology Management Entry Structures
1 ENTRY STRUCTURES AND TERMINOLOGY MANAGEMENT MEDIA
1.1 Paper Media
1.2 Computer-Based Terminology Management
1.2.1 Word-Processing Programs
1.2.2 Off-the-shelf Database Systems
2 VIEWS ON TERMINOLOGY MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS
2.1 Fundamental Structures
2.2 Concept Orientation
2.3 Data Modeling Variance
2.4 Term-oriented Information
2.5 Presentational Views in Computer Environments
2.6 Directionality
2.7 Dimensionality
2.7.1 Representing Dimensionality
2.7.2 Hierarchical Dimensions
2.8 The Abstract Relational View
2.9 Further Developments
REFERENCES
8.1.4 User-Specific Terminological Data Retrieval
1 RETRIEVAL REQUIREMENTS OF TERMINOLOGICAL INFORMATION
1.1 Information Categories in Term Banks
2 ACCESS AND RETRIEVAL OF TERMINOLOGICAL INFORMATION
2.1 Search Profiles
2.2 Output Profiles
3 USER-ORIENTED RETRIEVAL OF TERMINOLOGICAL INFORMATION
3.1 Translators and Interpreters
3.2 Technical Writers
3.3 Subject Specialists
3.4 Terminologists and Lexicographers
3.5 Information and Documentation Specialists
3.6 Language Planners and Standardization Experts
3.7 Systems for Natural Language Processing (NLP)
4 MULTI-FUNCTIONAL TERMINOLOGICAL DATA REPRESENTATION
REFERENCES
8.1.5 Terminology Interchange
1 INTRODUCTION
2 THE NEED TO SUPPLY TERMINOLOGY IN ELECTRONIC FORM
3 THE NEED FOR A TERMINOLOGY INTERCHANGE FORMAT
4 THE EVOLUTION OF TERMINOLOGY INTERCHANGE FORMATS
4.1 MATER
4.2 MicroMATER
4.3 Nordic Terminology Record Format
4.4 The Text Encoding Initiative
4.5 Global Standards
5 DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS FOR A TERMINOLOGY INTERCHANGE FORMAT
5.1 Basic Principles
5.2 Generic Identifiers and Data Category Classification
5.3 Format Structure
6 INTERCHANGE PROCEDURES
6.1 Validation Procedures
6.1.1 Conversion to Easily- Viewed Format
6.1.2 Conversion to Import Format
6.1.3 Exporting Terminological Entries
7 BLIND INTERCHANGE
7.1 Character Set Solutions
7.2 Data Modeling Variance
7.3 Data Category Content
7.4 User Subsets
8 APPLYING MARTIF
9 Integration with Other Interchange Formats
REFERENCES
Section 8.2. Database Applications and Products
8.2.1 Preparing Multi-Volume Illustrated Terminological Dictionaries
1 INTRODUCTION
2 DEFINING THE PROJECT
3 DESCRIPTION OF THE DICTIONARY
4 RESOURCES
5 METHODOLOGY
Appendix A Dictionary Format
Index
Appendix B Thesaurus
Appendix C Sample Terminology Records
Appendix D: Dictionary Entries
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS:
8.2.2 Practical Considerations for a Term Bank: Termium
1 OVERVIEW
2 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
3 ISSUES
3.1 Data Bank Structure
3.2 Subject-Field Classification
3.3 Updating
4 CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
8.2.3 Globalization and Terminology Management
1 GLOBALIZATION AS A CORPORATE STRATEGY
2 THE SCOPE OF IBM TRANSLATION AND TERMINOLOGY
3 PROCESSES AND TOOLS
3.1 The Translation Process
3.2 Terminology
3.2.1 Source Language Terminology
3.2.2. Target Language Terminology
4 LEXICOGRAPHIC AND TERMINOGRAPHIC APPROACHES
5 TRANSLEXIS
6 DEFINING CORPORATE STANDARDS
6.1 Standard Subject Fields
6.2. Other Standard Data Values
7 WORKING WITH EXTERNAL ORGANIZATIONS
7.1 Governments, Companies, and Academia
7.2 International Organization for Standardization (ISO)
8 CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
Section 8.3. Terminology and Machine Translation
1 INTRODUCTION
2 GETTING THE RIGHT TRANSLATION
3 TYPES OF MT SYSTEMS
3.1 Direct Systems
3.2 Transfer Systems
3.3 Interlingual Systems
3.4 Corpus-based Systems
4 TERMINOLOGY MANAGEMENT WITH DIRECT SYSTEMS
5 TERMINOLOGY MANAGEMENT WITH TRANSFER SYSTEMS
5.1 Systran
5.2 LOGOS
5.3 ENGSPAN
6 TERMINOLOGY MANAGEMENT WITH INTERLINGUAL SYSTEMS
7 FINAL THOUGHTS
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
COMPILERS' NOTE
MT Organizations
Portals and lists of links:
REFERENCES
8.4 Corpus-Related Applications
8.4.1 Corpus Linguistics and Terminology Extraction
1 TERMINOLOGY AND TEXTS
2 ELECTRONIC CORPORA AND CORPUS LINGUISTICS
3 SPECIAL-LANGUAGE TEXTS AND CORPORA
4 EXTRACTING TERMS FROM TEXT
4.1 Identifying Mother Terms
4.2 Identifying Compound Terms
4.3 Elaborating Terms
4.4 Evaluation
5 SOME KNOWN PROBLEMS OF IDENTIFYING TERMS
5.1 Polysemy and Terminologization
5.2 Ellipsis and Variants
5.3 Term Boundaries
6 OUTLOOK
REFERENCES
8.4.2 Terminology Compilation: Consequences and Aspects of Automation
1 INTRODUCTION
2 THE FUNCTION AND NATURE OF CORPORA
3 CORPUS-BASED TERM EXTRACTION
4 THE DISTRIBUTED STRUCTURE OF TERMINOLOGICAL DATABASES
5 INTERNAL STRUCTURE OF THE MULTIPLE DATABASE
6 OUTLOOK
8.4.3 Terminological Aspects of Text Production
1 TEXT AND TERM
2 TERMINOLOGY AND THE SEVEN STANDARDS OF TEXTUALITY
2.1 Intentionality and the Term
2.2 Terminology and Informativity
2.3 Acceptability, Term, and Textual Context
2.4 Situation and Term
2.5 Coherence and Cohesion
3 INTERTEXTUALITY, TERMINOLOGY, GLOSSARY AND CORPUS
REFERENCES
8.4.4 Collocations in Sublanguage Texts: Extraction from Corpora
1 INTRODUCTION
2 LINGUISTIC PROPERTIES OF COLLOCATIONS
2.1 Syntactic Properties
1.2 Semantic Properties
1.2.1 Work on a Lexical Semantic Classification of Collocations
1.2.2 Conceptual Collocation vs. Lexical Collocation
1.2.3 Semantic Classes and Collocational Classes
2 COLLOCATIONS IN DICTIONARIES AND TERM BANKS
2.1 Dictionaries
2.2 Terminological Databases
3 EXTRACTING COLLOCATIONAL EVIDENCE FROM TEXTS
4 SUMMARY
REFERENCES
8.4.5 The Role of Specialist Terminology in Artificial Intelligence and Knowledge Acquisition
1 INTRODUCTION
2 SPECIAL LANGUAGE AND KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER
3 NOTES ON KNOWLEDGE ENGINEERING
3.1 Engineering Knowledge on a Computer System
3.2 Knowledge-based Expert Systems and Terminology
4 KNOWLEDGE ACQUISITION AND WELL-GROUNDED TERMINOLOGY
4.1 Terminology as "Systems Dictionary" and "Selected Words" (c. 1970-1980)
4.2 Terminology, Semantic "Relations" and Hand-crafted Encyclopedias (1980-1990)
4.3 Terminology and Standardized "Vocabulary" (1990-95)
4.4 Terminology, Language Engineering, Corpus Linguistics and Knowledge Acquisition (1996-1999)
4.4.1 Term Extraction and Knowledge Acquisition
4.4.2 Extracting Problem-solving Rules and Domain Objectsfrom a Text Corpus
4.4.3 An Evaluation of the Corpus-based Approach to Knowledge Acquisition
5 AFTERWORD
REFERENCES
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Section 8.5. Terminology Resources on the Internet
1 PROSPECTING FOR TERMINOLOGICAL INFORMATION
2 Dictionary and Glossary Resources
3 AD HOC SEARCH STRATEGIES
4 Evaluating Resources
4.1 Evaluation Criteria
4.2 Unreliable Findings
4.2 Researching Equivalent Terms
5 TYPES OF WEB RESOURCES
REFERENCES
Information Boxes
INFOBOX 20. UNICODE
REFERENCES
INFOBOX 21. Standard Generalized Markup Language
REFERENCES
INFOBOX 22. Text Designations
INFOBOX 23. ISO 9000 Quality Standards
INFOBOX 24. Quality Checklist
INFOBOX 25. Controlled Language
REFERENCES
INFOBOX 26. The Economics of Terminology Management
REFERENCES
INFOBOX 27. Globalization, Internationalization, Localization
INFOBOX 28. Termbase Terminology
REFERENCES
INFOBOX 29. Lex/Term Meta Model
INFOBOX 30. Accessing Multilingual Terminological Resources
REFERENCES
INFOBOX 31. Human Language Technologies & Language Engineering
REFERENCES
INFOBOX 32. Ontologies
REFERENCES
INFOBOX 33. Terminology Infrastructures
Appendix I. Abbreviations
Appendix II. Terminology Management Standards
Author's Biographical Information
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