
Government and Codeswitching
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The volume is intended as a complement - not as a contradiction - to earlier explanations of codeswitching phenomena. Its main message is: while all linguistic levels contribute to the construction of bilingual speech, the importance of syntax can not be ignored.
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Content
- GOVERNMENT AND CODESWITCHING
- Editorial page
- Title page
- Copyright page
- Dedication
- Acknowledgements
- Table of contents
- Abbreviations and Symbols
- Chapter 1. Searching for Answers
- 1.1. Introduction
- 1.2. The Goals and the Organization of the Present Study
- 1.3. Inter- and Intrasentential Switching
- Chapter 2. Defining Codeswitching: Methodological Problems
- 2.1. Introduction
- 2.2. Defining the Target of Codeswitching Research: Some Basic Assumptions
- 2.2.1. Codeswitching and Codemixing
- 2.2.2. Codeswitching, Borrowing, and Nonce Borrowing
- 2.3. Matrix Language and Embedded Language
- 2.4. The Problem of 'Balanced Bilingualism' and 'Bilingual Fluency'
- 2.5. Patterns of Switching: An Example
- Chapter 3. Introducing the Subjects and the Data
- 3.1. Some Characteristics of Finnish
- 3.2. Earlier Work on Finnish-English Codeswitching
- 3.3. Subjects
- 3.4. Data
- 3.4.1. Introduction
- 3.4.2. The Speech Situations
- 3.4.3. Intrasentential Switching
- 3.4.3.1. Categories Excluded from the Main Discussion
- 3.4.3.2. Finnish-English Codeswitching: Describing the Phenomenon
- 3.4. 3. 2. 1. Switchable Constituents
- 3.4.3.2.2. Backtracking
- 3.4.3.2.3. Morphological Assimilation to Finnish
- 3.5. Conclusion
- Chapter 4. What Constrains Intrasentential Codeswitching: Different Proposals
- 4.1. Introduction
- 4.2. A Descriptive Generalization: Asymmetry in Codeswitching
- 4.3. The Free Morpheme and the Equivalence Constraints
- 4.3.1. The Free Morpheme Constraint
- 4.3.2. The Equivalence Constraint
- 4.3.3. 'Nonce Borrowings': Rescue for the Free Morpheme and Equivalence Constraints?
- 4.4. Myers-Scotton's Matrix Language Frame (MLF) Model: A Lexically-based Approach
- 4.5. Belazi, Rubin, and Toribio: The Functional Head Constraint
- 4.6. The Role of Subcategorization, Congruence, and Lexicon
- 4.7. Conclusion
- Chapter 5. Finnish-English Codeswitching: Towards a Structural Explanation
- 5.1. Introduction
- 5.2. Government and Codeswitching
- 5.2.1. Defining Government
- 5.2.2. Di Sciullo, Muysken, and Singh's Government Constraint on Codeswitching
- 5.3. Why Do the Majority of Switches Show Certain Properties?
- 5.4. Possible Trouble Spots for the Government Constraint?
- 5.5. Overt Constraints: Case-assignment and Agreement
- 5.6. Explaining the Switches
- 5.6.1. Accounting for Object DPs: The Role of Case-assignment
- 5.6.2. Adpositions
- 5.6.3. Accounting for Subject-verb Agreement
- 5.7. Switches Conforming to Finnish Syntax
- 5.7.1. Nouns
- 5.7.2. Adjectives and Noun Premodifiers
- 5.7.3. Verbs
- 5.7.4. Switching of Whole ADVPs
- 5.7.5. Clausal Switching
- 5.8. Conclusion
- Chapter 6. Testing the Limits of the Government Constraint
- 6.1. Introduction
- 6.2. Nouns
- 6.3. Adjectives and Noun Premodifiers
- 6.4. Verbs
- 6.5. Adverbials
- 6.6. Discourse Evidence for the Government Constraint: Backtracking
- 6.7. Conclusion
- Chapter 7. Codeswitching or Borrowing?
- 7.1. Introduction
- 7.2. How to Define Codeswitching and Borrowing: From Intuition to Acoustic Phonetics
- 7.3. Finnish-English: A Case of Morphologically Assimilated Codeswitching
- 7.4. How to Determine Phonological Unassimilation?
- 7.4.1. Resorting to Phonemic Features
- 7.4.2. Resorting to the Syntactic Test
- 7.5. From Codeswitching to Borrowing
- 7.6. Conclusion
- Chapter 8. Towards a Generalizable Structural Constraint: Evidence from Other Languages
- 8.1. Introduction
- 8.2. Inflectional Morphology and the Government Constraint
- 8.3. Asymmetry Revisited
- 8.4. Asymmetry of Switching and Non-switchability of Closed Class Items: An Indication of the Government Constraint?
- 8.4.1. Some Cross-linguistic Evidence for the Government Constraint
- 8.4.2. Non-switchability of Closed Class Items
- 8.5. Conclusion
- Chapter 9. Concluding Remarks
- Appendix: Introducing the Subjects and Their Switching Patterns
- Notes
- Bibliography
- Author Index
- Subject Index
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