Syntax and Lexis in Conversation
Studies on the use of linguistic resources in talk-in-interaction
1st Edition
Published on 28. September 2005
VIII, 406 pages
978-90-272-9417-3 (ISBN)
Description
This volume is a collection of current work at the interface of linguistics and conversation analysis. The focus is on linguistic items in their action contexts: syntactic structures and lexical items in data from natural conversations in six European languages: Danish, English, Finnish, German, Italian and Swedish. Some of the studies deal with similar practices in two different languages, which enables cross-linguistic comparisons. The notion of 'construction' is brought together with an interactional perspective; the fact that constructions cannot always be clearly analysed as either syntactic or lexico-semantic has its reflection in this volume. So far, there have been fewer attempts at interactionally oriented work on lexical and semantic phenomena than on syntactic constructions. In this volume, several papers show the interactional relevance of word selection and lexical semantic issues. In the future, studies on syntax and lexico-semantics in interaction will enrich realistic grammars of our languages, and cross-linguistic description of comparable practices of organizing talk in interaction will be invaluable for the study of both inter-European and international communication.
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Auli Hakulinen | Margret Selting
Syntax and Lexis in Conversation
Studies on the use of linguistic resources in talk-in-interaction
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09/2005
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Content
- Syntax and Lexis in Conversation
- Editorial page
- Title page
- LCC data
- Table of contents
- List of contributors
- Introduction
- Goals and methodology
- Why study syntax and lexico-semantics in conversation?
- Syntax in conversation
- Lexico-semantics in conversation
- The interdependence of forms and functions
- Notes
- References
- Syntactic resources in conversation
- Syntax and prosody as methods for the construction and identification of turn-constructional units in conversation
- 1. Introduction
- 2. The relationship between linguistic and interactional units
- 2.1. The Sacks, Schegloff and Jefferson view
- 2.2. Recent proposals
- 3. Illustration: An extract of talk
- 4. The issue
- 4.1. The prosodic display of expansions of syntactic units
- 4.2. The prosodic realization of the combination of syntactic units
- 4.3. The relation of syntax and prosody for unit construction
- 5. Conclusions
- Notes
- Appendix
- Transcription conventions
- References
- Parenthesis as a resource in the grammar of conversation
- 1. Introduction
- 1.1. Parenthesis in conversation
- 1.2. Research objectives
- 2. Approach
- 2.1. Conversation analysis in the study of parentheses
- 2.2. Syntactic analysis
- 3. Interfaces between frame construction and parenthesis
- 3.1. An unfinished syntactic construction as the context of a parenthesis
- 3.2. Sequential/textual projection
- 3.3. Return to the frame
- 3.4. Summary of the discussion of the frame construction
- 4. The relationship of insertions to the main line
- 4.1. Parenthesis as a metatextual comment
- 4.2. Parenthesis as a means to change the participation framework in a narrative sequence
- 4.3. Parentheses as providing forward-oriented interpretative cues
- 4.4. Parenthesis in negotiating the structures of conversation
- 5. Conclusion
- Notes
- Appendix
- Transcription symbols
- Principles of glossing
- References
- Delayed self-repairs as a structuring device for complex turns in conversation
- 1. Introduction
- 2. The phenomenon: Delayed self-repairs
- 3. On-line syntax and syntactic break-offs
- 4. The directionality of delayed self-repairs
- 5. Types and functions of prospectively oriented delayed self-repairs
- 6. A projection that fails
- 7. Delayed self-repairs and parenthesis
- 8. Conclusion
- Notes
- References
- Pivot constructions in spoken German
- 1. Anakolutha and pivots
- 2. Formal characteristics of pivot constructions
- 2.1. Types of constructions
- 2.2. Characteristics of pivot and periphery
- 3. Functional/interactive aspects of the pivot constructions
- 3.1. Pivot constructions as a focusing strategy
- 3.2. Pivot constructions as a cohesion/coherence-establishing device
- 3.3. Frames for quotations
- 3.4. Pivot constructions as a repair procedure
- 4. Conclusion
- Notes
- References
- The use of marked syntactic constructions in Italian multi-party conversation
- 1. Marked syntactic constructions in Italian: An overview
- 2. Disconnected interjections
- 3. Marked syntactic constructions as an interactional resource
- 3.1. The use of marked constructions in disconnected interjections
- 4. Concluding remarks
- Notes
- References
- Grammatical constructions in ``real life practices''
- 1. Introduction: Grammar and ``real life practices''
- 2. Adverbial wo-constructions in spoken German
- 2.1. Causal wo-constructions
- 2.2. Concessive wo-constructions
- 3. Multifunctional wo-constructions
- 4. Conclusion
- Notes
- References
- Interactional and sequential configurations informing request format selection in children's speech
- 1. Introduction
- 2. `Can you.' constructions at age five
- 3. Comparison with alternative techniques for solving problems
- 4. Alternative modes of requesting and their sequential environments
- 4.1. Consistent alignments
- 4.2. Oppositional alignments
- 5. The incorporation of `please'
- 6. General remarks
- References
- Language as social action
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Requests, directives, and the study of preference and social organization
- 3. Data and sampling
- 4. Analysis
- 4.1. The syntactic design of requests in the home help service
- 4.2. Accounts in request sequences: articulating the grounds for being entitled to assistance
- 5. Requests and social organization
- 6. Conclusion
- Notes
- References
- Lexico-semantic resources in conversation
- The interactional generation of exaggerated versions in conversations
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Precision, and action
- 3. Initial and subsequent `corrected' versions
- 4. The interactional generation of exaggerated versions
- 5. Conclusion
- Notes
- References
- A linguistic practice for retracting overstatements
- 1. Introduction
- 2. The practice
- 3. The collection
- 4. Formal subtypes
- 4.1. Affirmatively formulated Overstatements
- 4.2. Negatively formulated Overstatement
- 4.3. Non-extreme statements
- 5. Further features of the practice
- 5.1. Scalarity
- 5.2. Projectability
- 5.3. Sequential implicativeness
- 5.4. Sequential location and interactional motivation
- 6. Interactional pay-off of the practice
- 7. Conclusions
- Notes
- References
- Conversational interpretation of lexical items and conversational contrasting
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Approaches to contrasting
- 3. Data and method
- 4. Corrective contrast: Exposing and correcting a prior interpretation
- 4.1. Asymmetric contrast of perspectives and nested interpretation
- 4.2. Inferential bases and interactive functions of the corrective contrast
- 5. Explicative contrast: Warranting a deviation categorization
- 5.1. The deviation categorization and the contrast as display of the violation of an expectation
- 5.2. Projection and restriction of the interpretation of the contrast by a prior deviation-categorization
- 5.3. Interactional functions of the explicative contrast
- 6. Two general interpretive strategies for contrast structures
- 6.1. Frame-based interpretation
- 6.2. Maximization of contrast
- 7. Conclusion
- Notes
- References
- Form and function of `first verbs' in talk-in-interaction
- 1. Introduction1
- 2. What are `first verbs' as discussed by Sacks (1992)?
- 3. What verbs or verb-forms constitute the group of `first verbs,' and what are their characteristic morpho-syntactic, lexico-semantic, and pragmatic features?
- 3.1. The semantic concepts
- 3.2. Past-time reference
- 3.3. Verbal/clausal complement
- 3.4. Counterfactual implication
- 3.5. Delimitation of `first-verb uses' from `non-first-verb uses'
- 4. What trajectory do `first verbs' project for the following talk, and how is that projection resolved?
- 4.1. The projection
- 4.2. The patterns of realization
- 4.3. Factors determining speakers' choice of pattern
- 4.4. Deviant cases
- 5. In what kinds of sequential environments do `first verbs' occur, and what can they be used to do interactionally?
- 5.1. `First verbs' as a resource for storytelling
- 5.2. `First verbs' as a resource for justification/explanation
- 5.3. `First verbs' as a resource for complaining/criticizing
- 5.4. `First verbs' as a resource for counter-suggestions
- 6. Concluding remarks
- Notes
- References
- Notes on disaligning `yes but' initiated utterances in German and Danish conversations
- 1. Introduction
- 1.1. The phenomenon
- 1.2. Background and data
- 2. The simple construction type and its use
- 2.1. A possible logic of simple disaligning `yes but' constructions
- 3. The complex construction type and its use
- 3.1. A possible logic of complex disaligning `yes but` constructions
- 4. Integrated `yes but' in socially problematic utterances
- 4.1. Delayed integrated `yes but' utterances
- 4.2. Integrated `yes but' utterances in disagreement sequences
- 5. Language differences
- 5.1. Differences in the number of instances
- 5.2. A special feature of Danish `yes' tokens in `yes but' utterances
- 6. Concluding remarks
- Notes
- References
- Where grammar and interaction meet
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Background
- 3. The preference for negative responses in Danish
- 4. Dispreferred positive responses
- 5. Non-congruent preferences
- 6. Conclusion
- Notes
- Appendix
- Transcription conventions
- References
- Index
- the series Studies in Discourse and Grammar
