The Emergence of the English Native Speaker

1 - Acknowledgements [Seite 5]
2 - 1 Introduction [Seite 11]
3 - Part I: A discourse-historical approach to the English native speaker [Seite 17]
3.1 - 2 The native speaker in contemporary linguistics [Seite 19]
3.1.1 - 2.1 So what is the problem with the native speaker? [Seite 20]
3.1.2 - 2.2 Defining the native speaker [Seite 22]
3.1.3 - 2.3 The native speaker in the World Englishes context [Seite 24]
3.1.3.1 - 2.3.1 Modeling World Englishes [Seite 25]
3.1.3.2 - 2.3.2 The ownership question: Whose English is it? [Seite 31]
3.1.4 - 2.4 Approaches to the native speaker: Features or historical construct? [Seite 36]
3.1.5 - 2.5 The birth of the English native speaker [Seite 41]
3.2 - 3 Identities, ideologies, and discourse: Toward a theoretical and methodological framework [Seite 43]
3.2.1 - 3.1 Linguistic identities and ideologies [Seite 43]
3.2.2 - 3.2 Discourse as a scientific object [Seite 45]
3.2.3 - 3.3 Discourse as a linguistic object [Seite 47]
3.2.3.1 - 3.3.1 Linguistic approaches to discourse I: Historical discourse analysis [Seite 47]
3.2.3.2 - 3.3.2 Digression: Late-nineteenth century intertextuality and the notion of the discourse community [Seite 50]
3.2.3.3 - 3.3.3 Linguistic approaches to discourse II: Critical Discourse Analysis [Seite 55]
3.2.4 - 3.4 The corpus [Seite 60]
3.2.4.1 - 3.4.1 Socio- and linguistic-historical background [Seite 61]
3.2.4.2 - 3.4.2 Constitution of the corpus [Seite 67]
3.2.4.3 - 3.4.3 A note on quoted material [Seite 70]
3.3 - 4 The ideologies of Marsh (1859): A close reading [Seite 73]
3.3.1 - 4.1 The introduction [Seite 74]
3.3.2 - 4.2 Of native speakers, native languages, and native philology [Seite 82]
3.3.3 - 4.3 Names for English and its speakers [Seite 87]
3.3.4 - 4.4 Summary [Seite 98]
4 - Part II : "Good" English and the "best" speakers: The native speaker and standards of language, speech, and writing [Seite 99]
4.1 - 5 Defining and delimiting "English" and "standard English" [Seite 101]
4.1.1 - 5.1 The native speaker and the standard language in the World Englishes context [Seite 104]
4.1.2 - 5.2 Defining a language: Stability and staticity as theoretical and methodological necessities of nineteenth- and twentieth-century linguistics [Seite 113]
4.1.2.1 - 5.2.1 Nineteenth-century attempts at solving the problem of linguistic heterogeneity [Seite 115]
4.1.2.2 - 5.2.2 The "imagination" of standard English through the OED [Seite 118]
4.2 - 6 The question of standard spoken English and the dialects [Seite 123]
4.2.1 - 6.1 From written to spoken standards for English [Seite 123]
4.2.1.1 - 6.1.1 Standard spoken English: Where is it to be found? [Seite 127]
4.2.1.2 - 6.1.2 English = standard English [Seite 128]
4.2.1.3 - 6.1.3 Standard English = educated English [Seite 129]
4.2.1.4 - 6.1.4 Educated speakers are the "best" speakers [Seite 130]
4.2.1.5 - 6.1.5 Can we not define the standard linguistically? [Seite 134]
4.2.1.6 - 6.1.6 "Educated" = public-school educated [Seite 136]
4.2.1.7 - 6.1.7 Of "natural" educated speakers "to the language born" [Seite 137]
4.2.1.8 - 6.1.8 Educated English = a level of excellence which need not be homogenous in reality [Seite 139]
4.2.1.9 - 6.1.9 Colloquial English and the naturalness problem [Seite 142]
4.2.2 - 6.2 The standard and the dialects [Seite 146]
4.2.2.1 - 6.2.1 Whence the new interest in the dialects? [Seite 146]
4.2.2.2 - 6.2.2 The status of the dialects vis-à-vis the standard language [Seite 147]
4.2.2.3 - 6.2.3 The dialects' contribution to the historicization of the standard language: "Primitive" forms and "Anglo-Saxon" words [Seite 148]
4.2.2.4 - 6.2.4 Preservation of the dialects: "Antique curiosities" or actual means of communication? [Seite 150]
4.2.2.5 - 6.2.5 "Genuine" dialect and "authentic" speakers: The emergence of the NORM [Seite 153]
4.2.2.6 - 6.2.6 Rural, traditional dialects vs. new, urban forms of speech [Seite 157]
4.3 - 7 Spoken vs. written language and the native speaker [Seite 163]
4.3.1 - 7.1 Why are there no native writers? [Seite 163]
4.3.1.1 - 7.1.1 The spoken language, the native speaker, and linguistic theory [Seite 164]
4.3.1.2 - 7.1.2 The relationship of speech and writing before the mid-nineteenth century [Seite 168]
4.3.1.2.1 - 7.1.2.1 The Herderian notion of "Volksstimme" [Seite 170]
4.3.1.2.2 - 7.1.2.2 Coleridge vs. Wordsworth: "Lingua communis" vs. authentic folk speech [Seite 171]
4.3.1.3 - 7.1.3 The ascendancy of spoken language [Seite 174]
4.3.1.3.1 - 7.1.3.1 The significance of spoken language in the second half of the nineteenth century: Max Muller's influential Lectures on the Science of Language [Seite 176]
4.3.1.3.2 - 7.1.3.2 Late nineteenth-century thought on speech and writing [Seite 180]
4.3.1.3.3 - 7.1.3.3 The late-nineteenth century concern with spelling reform and what it implies for the native speaker [Seite 186]
4.3.2 - 7.2 Summary of Part II [Seite 189]
5 - Part III : Language, nation, and race: Of Anglo-Saxons and English speakers conquering the world [Seite 193]
5.1 - 8 Nationalism, racism, and the native speaker [Seite 195]
5.1.1 - 8.1 Nineteenth-century linguistic nationalism [Seite 199]
5.1.2 - 8.2 Language and race [Seite 203]
5.1.3 - 8.3 Language, nation, and race and the writings of Edward A. Freeman [Seite 208]
5.1.4 - 8.4 Language and nation historically: The development of English and its speakers [Seite 215]
5.1.4.1 - 8.4.1 The historical perspective on language, nation, and race: Constructing a venerable history for English [Seite 215]
5.1.4.2 - 8.4.2 R. C. Trench on language as a nation's "moral barometer" [Seite 218]
5.2 - 9 Anglo-Saxonism and the English native speaker [Seite 223]
5.2.1 - 9.1 The rise of Anglo-Saxonism in philology [Seite 224]
5.2.2 - 9.2 Anglo-Saxonism in nineteenth- and early twentieth-century Britain and the U.S.A. [Seite 225]
5.2.2.1 - 9.2.1 The origins myth: Anglo-Saxons and their religious and political heritage [Seite 227]
5.2.2.2 - 9.2.2 Framing Anglo-Saxonism racially: Of superior and inferior peoples [Seite 228]
5.2.2.3 - 9.2.3 Anglo-Saxonism in America [Seite 231]
5.2.2.4 - 9.2.4 Closing the lines: British and U.S. Anglo-Saxons unite [Seite 233]
5.2.3 - 9.3 The development of nationalism in Britain and the U.S. [Seite 241]
5.2.3.1 - 9.3.1 British national identity in the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries [Seite 242]
5.2.3.2 - 9.3.2 The "moment of Englishness" [Seite 244]
5.2.3.3 - 9.3.3 Language and nationalism in the late nineteenth-century U.S.A. [Seite 246]
5.3 - 10 The language of the world: In praise of English [Seite 251]
5.3.1 - 10.1 English as the greatest language linguistically [Seite 252]
5.3.1.1 - 10.1.1 Vocabulary: Mixed origins [Seite 254]
5.3.1.2 - 10.1.2 English as the great borrowing language [Seite 256]
5.3.1.3 - 10.1.3 English against French [Seite 259]
5.3.2 - 10.2 The English-speaking community [Seite 261]
5.3.2.1 - 10.2.1 The numerological tradition: Pride in the number of English speakers worldwide [Seite 261]
5.3.2.2 - 10.2.2 The three C's: Civilization, commerce, and Christianity [Seite 264]
5.3.2.3 - 10.2.3 Of superior and inferior races and the "great law of contact" [Seite 267]
5.3.3 - 10.3 Threats to the language [Seite 272]
5.3.4 - 10.4 Summary of Part III [Seite 281]
5.4 - 11 Conclusion [Seite 283]
6 - References [Seite 293]
6.1 - Historical sources [Seite 293]
6.2 - Other references [Seite 300]
7 - Author index [Seite 311]
8 - Subject index [Seite 313]