Wittgenstein
Description
Wittgenstein: Meaning and Mind, Part II - Exegesis §§243-427 explores and clarifies the patterns, developments, and conclusions of Wittgenstein's arguments in §§243-427 of Philosophical Investigations. Each numbered remark in Wittgenstein's text is systematically analysed. Hacker's thoughtful, rigorous commentary clarifies problematic expressions, phrases, and sentences, and elaborates source remarks in Wittgenstein's Nachlass that shed light on the text, illustrating their bearing on deep philosophical problems.
This volume of exegesis of §§243-427 has been extensively revised, incorporating numerous references to original and secondary texts of Wittgenstein that were not known to exist in 1990.The second edition features new comprehensive tables of correlation between the remarks of the Investigations and the source of the remarks in the Nachlass, and addresses a variety of controversies from the last quarter of a century concerning the private language arguments, the nature of thought and imagination, consciousness, and the self, settling them explicitly or implicitly in the new exegesis. All references to Wittgenstein's text have been adjusted to the revised fourth edition, although page references to the first and second editions have been retained in parentheses.
These revisions bring the book up to the high standard of the extensively revised editions of Wittgenstein: Understanding and Meaning (Blackwell 2005) and Wittgenstein: Rules, Grammar and Necessity (Wiley Blackwell, 2009). They ensure that this survey of Investigations §§243-427 will remain the essential reference work on Wittgenstein's masterpiece for the foreseeable future.
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Person
P. M. S. Hacker is the leading authority on the philosophy of Wittgenstein. He is author of the four-volume Analytical Commentary on the Philosophical Investigations (1980-96), the first two volumes co-authored with G.P. Baker, and of the epilogue Wittgenstein's Place in Twentieth Century Analytic Philosophy (Blackwell, 1996). He has written extensively on philosophy and neuroscience-Philosophical Foundations of Neuroscience (Blackwell, 2003) and History of Cognitive Neuroscience (Wiley Blackwell, 2008), both co-authored with M.R. Bennett. He has published three volumes of a tetralogy on human nature: Human Nature: The Categorial Framework (Blackwell, 2007), The Intellectual Powers: A Study of Human Nature (Wiley Blackwell, 2013), and The Passions: A Study of Human Nature (Wiley Blackwell, 2018). He is currently completing the final volume - The Moral Powers: A Study of Human Nature (forthcoming). Together with Joachim Schulte, he has produced the fourth edition and extensively revised translation of Wittgenstein's Philosophical Investigations (Wiley Blackwell, 2009). They are currently working on a new edition and translation of Wittgenstein's On Certainty.
Content
Abbreviations
1. Wittgenstein's published works
The following abbreviations, listed in alphabetical order, are used to refer to Wittgenstein's published works.
BB The Blue and Brown Books (Blackwell, Oxford, 1958). BlB Occasionally used to refer to the Blue Book. BrB Occasionally used to refer to the Brown Book. BT The Big Typescript, ed. and tr. C. G. Luckhardt and M. A. E. Aue (Blackwell, Oxford, 2005). C On Certainty, ed. G. E. M. Anscombe and G. H. von Wright, tr. D Paul and G. E. M. Anscombe (Blackwell, Oxford, 1969). CL Cambridge Letters, ed. Brian McGuinness and G. H. von Wright (Blackwell, Oxford, 1995). CV Culture and Value, ed. G. H. von Wright in collaboration with H. Nyman, tr. P. Winch (Blackwell, Oxford, 1980). EPB Eine Philosophische Betrachtung, ed. R. Rhees, in Ludwig Wittgenstein: Schriften 5 (Suhrkamp, Frankfurt, 1970). GB 'Remarks on Frazer's "Golden Bough"', tr. J. Beversluis, repr. in Ludwig Wittgenstein: Philosophical Occasions 1912 - 1951, ed. J. Klagge and A. Nordmann (Hackett, Indianapolis and Cambridge, 1993), pp. 118 - 55. LPE 'Wittgenstein's Notes for Lectures on "Private Experience" and "Sense Data"', ed. R. Rhees, repr. in Ludwig Wittgenstein: Philosophical Occasions 1912 - 1951, ed. J. Klagge and A. Nordmann (Hackett, Indianapolis and Cambridge, 1993), pp. 202 - 88. LW I Last Writings on the Philosophy of Psychology, vol. I, ed. G. H. von Wright and H. Nyman, tr. C. G. Luckhardt and M. A. E. Aue (Blackwell, Oxford, 1982). LW II Last Writings on the Philosophy of Psychology, vol. II, ed. G. H. von Wright and H. Nyman, tr. C. G. Luckhardt and M. A. E. Aue (Blackwell, Oxford, 1992). NB Notebooks 1914 - 16, ed. G. H. von Wright and G. E. M. Anscombe, 2nd edn (Blackwell, Oxford, 1979). PG Philosophical Grammar, ed. R. Rhees, tr. A. J. P. Kenny (Blackwell, Oxford, 1974). PI Philosophical Investigations, ed. P. M. S. Hacker and Joachim Schulte, tr. G. E. M. Anscombe, P. M. S. Hacker and Joachim Schulte, revised 4th edn (Wiley Blackwell, Oxford, 2009). PO Ludwig Wittgenstein: Philosophical Occasions 1912 - 1951, ed. J. Klagge and A. Nordmann (Hackett, Indianapolis and Cambridge, 1993). PPF Philosophy of Psychology - A Fragment (previously known as Philosophical Investigations, Part II), published in Philosophical Investigations, rev. 4th edn ed. P. M. S. Hacker and Joachim Schulte, tr. G. E. M. Anscombe, P. M. S. Hacker and Joachim Schulte (Wiley Blackwell, Oxford, 2009). PR Philosophical Remarks, ed. R. Rhees, tr. R. Hargreaves and R. White (Blackwell, Oxford, 1975). PTLP Proto-Tractatus: An Early Version of Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus, ed. B. F. McGuinness, T. Nyberg and G. H. von Wright, tr. D. F. Pears and B. F. McGuinness (Routledge and Kegan Paul, London, 1971). RC Remarks on Colour, ed. G. E. M. Anscombe and G. H. von Wright, tr. L. L. McAlister and M. Schättle (Blackwell, Oxford, [1977]). RFM Remarks on the Foundations of Mathematics, ed. G. H. von Wright, R. Rhees and G. E. M. Anscombe, rev. edn (Blackwell, Oxford, 1978). RLF 'Some Remarks on Logical Form', Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, suppl. vol. 9 (1929), pp. 162 - 71. RPP I Remarks on the Philosophy of Psychology, vol. I, ed. G. E. M. Anscombe and G. H. von Wright, tr. G. E. M. Anscombe (Blackwell, Oxford, 1980). RPP II Remarks on the Philosophy of Psychology, vol. II, ed. G. H. von Wright and H. Nyman, tr. C. G. Luckhardt and M. A. E. Aue (Blackwell, Oxford, 1980). TLP Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus, tr. D. F. Pears and B. F. McGuinness (Routledge and Kegan Paul, London, 1961). Z Zettel, ed. G. E. M. Anscombe and G. H. von Wright, tr. G. E. M. Anscombe (Blackwell, Oxford, 1967).Reference style: all references to Philosophical Investigations are to sections (e.g. PI §1), except those to boxed remarks (previously Randbemerkungen (notes below the line)) on various pages. Reference to these is 'boxed remark following §n.' followed by page reference to the note in the first two editions. References to Philosophy of Psychology - A Fragment are to numbered remarks in PI, 4th edition, followed by page number in the first two editions in parentheses (e.g. PPF §174 (p. 202)). References to other printed works are either to numbered remarks (TLP) or to sections signified '§'(Z, RPP, LW); in all other cases references are to pages (e.g. LFM 21 = LFM, page 21) or to numbered letters (CL); references to The Big Typescript are to the original pagination of the typescript as given in the Bergen electronic edition of Wittgenstein's Nachlass (Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2000), and in the margins of the Luckhardt/Aue edition.
2. Derivative primary sources
AWL Wittgenstein's Lectures, Cambridge 1932 - 35, from the Notes of Alice Ambrose and Margaret MacDonald, ed. Alice Ambrose (Blackwell, Oxford, 1979). LA Lectures and Conversations on Aesthetics, Psychology and Religious Beliefs, ed. C. Barrett (Blackwell, Oxford, 1970). LFM Wittgenstein's Lectures on the Foundations of Mathematics, Cambridge 1939, ed. C. Diamond (Harvester Press, Hassocks, Sussex, 1976). LPP Wittgenstein's Lectures on Philosophical Psychology 1946 - 47, notes by P. T. Geach, K. J. Shah and A. C. Jackson, ed. P. T. Geach (Harvester Wheatsheaf, Hemel Hempstead, 1988). LWL Wittgenstein's Lectures, Cambridge 1930 - 32, from the Notes of John King and Desmond Lee, ed. Desmond Lee (Blackwell, Oxford, 1980). M G. E. Moore's notes entitled 'Wittgenstein's Lectures in 1930 - 33', repr. in Ludwig Wittgenstein: Philosophical Occasions 1912 - 1951, ed. J. Klagge and A. Nordmann (Hackett, Indianapolis and Cambridge, 1993), pp. 46 - 114. PLP The Principles of Linguistic Philosophy, by F. Waismann, ed. R. Harré (Macmillan, London, and St Martin's Press, New York, 1965). RR Discussions of Wittgenstein, by R. Rhees (Routledge and Kegan Paul, London, 1970). VoW The Voices of Wittgenstein, transcribed and edited by Gordon Baker, tr. Gordon Baker, Michael Mackert, John Connolly and Vasilis Politis (Routledge, London, 2003). WWK Ludwig Wittgenstein und der Wiener Kreis, shorthand notes recorded by F. Waismann, ed. B. F. McGuinness (Blackwell, Oxford, 1967). The English translation, Wittgenstein and the Vienna Circle (Blackwell, Oxford, 1979), matches the pagination of the original edition.
3. Nachlass
All references to other material cited in the von Wright catalogue (G. H. von Wright, Wittgenstein (Blackwell, Oxford, 1982), pp. 35 ff.) are by MS or TS number followed by page number ('r' indicating recto, 'v' indicating verso) or section number '§', as it appears in the Bergen electronic edition of Wittgenstein's Nachlass.
In the case of the first manuscript draft of the Investigations, MS 142 (the so-called Urfassung), references are to Wittgenstein's section number ('§'), save in the case of references to pp. 77 f., which are redrafts of PI §§1 - 2 and to pp. 78 - 91, which Wittgenstein crossed out and redrafted on pp. 91 ff., subsequently assigning them section numbers in the redrafts alone.
Manuscripts
MS 105 - 22 are eighteen large manuscript volumes written between 2 February 1929 and 1944. They were numbered by Wittgenstein as Vols I-XVIII. In the first edition of this commentary they were referred to by volume number, followed by page number...
