Tracer Methods in Hormone Research
Published on 8. March 2013
XII, 190 pages
978-3-642-80892-0 (ISBN)
Description
The purpose of this monograph is to describe theoretical aspects of the interpretation of data obtained from experiments performed with labeled hormones. Quantitative endocrinologic studies involving the use of tracers include the determination of rates at which hormones are secreted by endocrine glands and are produced outside these glands by conversion of other secreted hor mones. Tracer experiments are also performed with the purpose of measuring rates of metabolic reactions. These measurements reveal the contribution of secreted hormones to the formation of circulating compounds and urinary metabolites. The estimation of rates of fetal and placental production and exchange of hormones characterizes a class of in vivo quantitative studies performed with isotopically labeled hormones (radioactive or not). In addi tion, tracers are used to measure permeability and rates of reaction in in vitro systems, and to study the uptake of hormones by tissues, both in vivo and in vitro. The stability of the steroid nucleus carrying the isotopic label and the large number of reversible metabolic reactions in which steroids are involved, both facilitated and motivated the development of a sophisticated theoretical treat ment of tracer experiments in the field of endocrinology. Although the prac tical examples used to illustrate the concepts and calculations presented in this monograph involve labeled hormones, the theory is presented in a general symbolic manner and is applicable to other fields of investigation.
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Enrico Gurpide
Tracer Methods in Hormone Research
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03/1975
Springer
€89.28
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Content
1. Rates in Open System in the Steady State: Definitions and Relations.- A. One Pool Embedded in a Multicompartmental System.- B. Two Related Pools Embedded in a Multicompartmental System.- C. Three Related Pools Embedded in a Multicompartmental System.- D. General Systems of m Related Pools.- 2. Infusion of Tracers at a Constant Rate.- A. Multicompartmental System in Which Only One Pool is Studied.- B. Multicompartmental System in Which Two Pools are Studied.- C. Multicompartmental System in Which Three Pools are Studied.- D. General m-Primary-Pool Subsystem.- 3. Rapid Injection of Tracers.- A. Calculations Based on Areas under Specific Activity Curves.- B. Relationships Between Data Obtained by Rapid Injection and by Constant Infusion of a Tracer.- C. Calculations Based on the Shape of Specific Activity Curves.- D. Determination of Areas and Shapes of Specific Activity Curves.- 4. Tracer Kinetics in Compartmental Models.- Rate Constants (k's).- Fractional Rates (h's).- A. One-Pool System.- B. Two-Pool Systems.- C. Multiple-Pool Systems.- 5. Interpretation of Isotopic Data from Blood-Borne Compounds.- I. Data: Isotopic Steady-State Values or Areas under Concentration Curves.- II. Data: Specific Activity Functions.- III. Calculations Based on Models Involving a Limited Number of Compartments.- IV. Analysis of Systems that are Not at the Steady State.- 6. Rates of Secretion and Metabolism of Hormones Estimated from Specific Activities of Urinary Metabolites.- A. Estimation of Hormone Secretion Rates.- B. Interpretation of Specific Activity Data Obtained from Labeled Urinary Metabolites.- C. Parameters of Metabolism Estimated from Labeled Urinary Metabolites.- D. Labeled Urinary Metabolites in Pregnancy.- E. Comments.- 7. In vitro Tracer Superfusion Experiments.-Superfusion Versus Batch Incubations.- Use of Two Metabolically Related Tracers in Superfusion Experiments.- Model.- Calculation of Rates of Entry of Superfused Tracer into Cells.- Fraction of a Superfused Tracer Returning from the Cells to the Medium.- Fraction of Superfused Tracer Appearing in the Perfusate as a Metabolite.- Conversion Factors.- Rates in the Superfusion Model.- Intracellular Clearance.- A Special Case: Nonsteroidogenic Tissue.- Validation of the Model.- Applications.- References.
