The Yugoslav Example
Violence, War and Difficult Ways Towards Peace
1st Edition
Published on 1. November 2014
181 pages
978-3-8309-7844-2 (ISBN)
Description
The term 'Yugoslav Wars' (or, often, 'the Balkan conflict') refers to a series of wars in the region of former Yugoslavia, which were associated with the break-up of that state. The Yugoslav Wars resulted in an unimaginable number of dead, injured and displaced people. They also had a devastating impact on the economy and on the environment. Most notably, in some of the states which emerged from the conflict, people still to this day cannot peacefully coexist with one another. Beyond the affected region itself, the military conflict also had significant implications for Europe and its member states. It destroyed the illusion that Europe had overcome war. Perhaps these recent wars have given Europe an impetus to draw lessons from them, to find out what really needs to be done to build a peaceful Europe. A particular characteristic of this publication is that it does not settle for a single precise analysis of the reasons for war and for post-war conflicts. Rather, peace efforts and peace treaties are analyzed by focusing on their function of preventing conflicts or reducing their extent. Emphasis is placed on the efforts of national actors as well as on those of actors in civil society to promote peace policies in the international sphere. This collection of articles might, for the first time, clearly display the political challenges of peace in the context of the collapse of Yugoslavia and its subsequent wars. It certainly seeks to illustrate what has been learned and what still needs to be learned for the future.
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Content
1 - book cover [Seite 1]
2 - Content [Seite 4]
3 - Between the Past and the Future. Culture of Remembrance, Conflict Transformation, Education [Seite 7]
3.1 - History and Perspectives [Seite 7]
3.2 - Background of the Publication and its Contributions [Seite 10]
3.3 - Conclusion [Seite 13]
4 - On Trust and Mistrust. The History and Presence of Democracy in Southeastern Europe [Seite 15]
4.1 - Historical Promises of Democracy led to Disappointment and the Erosion of Trust [Seite 15]
4.2 - In the Labyrinth of the Democratic Transition Era [Seite 18]
4.3 - EU Democracy as a Shaky Role Model [Seite 21]
4.4 - Authoritarian Dangers in the Balkans [Seite 23]
4.5 - Instead of a Conclusion, a Miniature [Seite 25]
5 - Yugoslavia: A Short Tale of Competition and Cooperation [Seite 27]
5.1 - Rise and Fall of the Nationalist Mistake [Seite 27]
5.2 - From the Failure of Nationalist Politics to the European Option [Seite 31]
5.3 - Common Features as Impulses for Cooperation [Seite 36]
5.4 - The Time has not yet Come for All - Short and Long Ways to Reconciliation and Cooperation [Seite 37]
5.5 - Déjà-vu? [Seite 38]
6 - War over Kosovo 24 March 1999 -10 June 1999. Behind and Beyond the Scenes: Why NATO Attacked Yugoslavia [Seite 42]
6.1 - Overview [Seite 42]
6.2 - Kosovo as a Way for NATO to Raise its Profile [Seite 43]
6.3 - US Interests and their Role in the Kosovo Question [Seite 45]
6.4 - Germany's Interests and its Role in the Kosovo Question [Seite 47]
6.5 - The EU's Interests and their Role in the Kosovo Question [Seite 49]
6.6 - Neoliberal Economic Interests, Geostrategic and Geopolitical Considerations [Seite 51]
6.6.1 - Tangles of Interests [Seite 51]
6.6.2 - Neoliberal Global Economy as an Engine for War [Seite 51]
6.6.3 - Privatization as a Goal of War [Seite 52]
6.6.4 - Geostrategic and Geopolitical Considerations of the Military [Seite 54]
6.7 - Conclusion [Seite 55]
7 - A European Anti-War Movement. The Response of European Civil Society to the Conflicts in the Former Yugoslavia [Seite 60]
7.1 - Introduction [Seite 60]
7.2 - The Work at Home: Protest, Advocacy and Direct Aid [Seite 61]
7.3 - The Work on the Ground [Seite 64]
7.4 - Conclusions [Seite 71]
8 - Limits to Humanitarian Intervention. Syria and the Lessons from Bosnia and Kosovo [Seite 75]
8.1 - Syria and the Balkans - "Wicked Problems" [Seite 75]
8.2 - Lessons from Yugoslavia [Seite 77]
8.3 - The Dire Consequences of State Collapse [Seite 78]
8.4 - Can Intervention Work? [Seite 80]
8.5 - Regional Integration in the Age of Globalisation [Seite 81]
8.6 - Six Lessons - A Primer for Peace [Seite 82]
8.6.1 - Lesson 1: Negotiate Early and Robustly [Seite 82]
8.6.2 - Lesson 2: Include all Regional Powers - In Particular Iran [Seite 82]
8.6.3 - Lesson 3: No Preconditions about Core Issues [Seite 83]
8.6.4 - Lesson 4: No War Crimes Trials - At Least not Right Away [Seite 83]
8.6.5 - Lesson 5: Be Creative (Ibid.) [Seite 84]
8.6.6 - Lesson 6: Freeze out the Extremists [Seite 84]
9 - Peace and Security in the Balkans: A Challenge for Europe [Seite 86]
9.1 - Educational Factors in the Balkans [Seite 87]
9.1.1 - A Closer Look at the Theme of Religious Diversity [Seite 88]
9.1.2 - Making Peace through Culture [Seite 91]
9.1.3 - E pur si muove! [Seite 94]
9.1.4 - 1. Marketplace and Temple [Seite 95]
9.1.5 - 2. Polyphony and Counterpoint [Seite 96]
9.1.6 - 3. Memory and History [Seite 96]
10 - Dealing with the Past as a Common Challenge for State Institutions and Civil Society in Bosnia-Herzegovina, Serbia and Croatia [Seite 100]
10.1 - Legal Institutions for War Crimes Prosecution - Key Actors in "Dealing with the Past" [Seite 102]
10.2 - Governments and State Institutions [Seite 103]
10.3 - Civil Society Actors: Grassroots Engagement at a Local and Regional Level [Seite 106]
10.4 - The Campaign for Regional Truth Commission (REKOM) [Seite 109]
10.5 - Achievements and Challenges [Seite 110]
10.5.1 - Fostering Institutions' Capacities for Accountability and the Rule of Law [Seite 110]
10.5.2 - The Need for Restorative Approaches [Seite 111]
10.5.3 - Strengthening Civil Society Approaches for Dealing with the Past [Seite 112]
10.5.4 - Building Trust and Relationships in Divided Communities [Seite 113]
11 - Reconciliation through Recognition [Seite 119]
11.1 - Personal Identity Formation - From Hegel to Honneth [Seite 120]
11.2 - A New Normative Framework - Reconciliation through Practical "Relations-to-Self" [Seite 122]
11.3 - Overcoming Relativization by Countering Abstraction [Seite 124]
12 - Overcoming Violence: Responding to Contemporary and Past Violence [Seite 128]
12.1 - Introductory Remarks [Seite 128]
12.2 - I Overcoming Violence [Seite 129]
12.2.1 - Transformative Democracy as the Fundament for Sustainable Peace [Seite 129]
12.3 - II Response to Contemporary Violence - How to Find Other Ways? [Seite 130]
12.3.1 - Wartime [Seite 130]
12.4 - III Post-War Period - Transitional Justice Measures / Dealing with the Past [Seite 133]
12.5 - Dealing with the Past - Transitional (Transformative) Justice [Seite 134]
12.6 - Experience from Croatia: Transitional Justice Processes in Croatia (and the Region of Former Yugoslavia) [Seite 136]
12.7 - Ongoing Measures and Advances [Seite 138]
12.8 - Shortcomings, Gaps and Controversies [Seite 143]
12.9 - Go on - But how? [Seite 145]
12.10 - IV How to Move Forward? [Seite 147]
12.11 - Can the Citizens of Croatia Agree to Reach an Agreement on Croatian-Serbian Friendship? [Seite 148]
13 - A Few "Easy" Steps towards Reconciliation [Seite 151]
13.1 - Concord and Conflict [Seite 151]
14 - The Development of Teaching Materials to Further Peace [Seite 159]
14.1 - Background [Seite 159]
14.1.1 - Early Years [Seite 160]
14.1.2 - Evolution [Seite 161]
14.1.3 - Bottom-up Approach [Seite 162]
14.1.4 - JHP Workbooks [Seite 162]
14.1.5 - Ways and Means [Seite 163]
14.1.6 - Funding and Completion of Workbooks [Seite 165]
14.1.7 - Recognition [Seite 167]
14.1.8 - Human Rights Award 2013 [Seite 168]
14.1.9 - Impressions from the Field [Seite 168]
14.2 - Montenegro [Seite 169]
14.3 - Cyprus [Seite 170]
14.4 - Bosnia-Herzegovina [Seite 171]
14.5 - Kosovo [Seite 171]
14.6 - Albanian an Serbian Minorities - A Crash Test for the JHP [Seite 172]
14.7 - The Present and the Future [Seite 175]
15 - Editor and Contributors [Seite 178]
2 - Content [Seite 4]
3 - Between the Past and the Future. Culture of Remembrance, Conflict Transformation, Education [Seite 7]
3.1 - History and Perspectives [Seite 7]
3.2 - Background of the Publication and its Contributions [Seite 10]
3.3 - Conclusion [Seite 13]
4 - On Trust and Mistrust. The History and Presence of Democracy in Southeastern Europe [Seite 15]
4.1 - Historical Promises of Democracy led to Disappointment and the Erosion of Trust [Seite 15]
4.2 - In the Labyrinth of the Democratic Transition Era [Seite 18]
4.3 - EU Democracy as a Shaky Role Model [Seite 21]
4.4 - Authoritarian Dangers in the Balkans [Seite 23]
4.5 - Instead of a Conclusion, a Miniature [Seite 25]
5 - Yugoslavia: A Short Tale of Competition and Cooperation [Seite 27]
5.1 - Rise and Fall of the Nationalist Mistake [Seite 27]
5.2 - From the Failure of Nationalist Politics to the European Option [Seite 31]
5.3 - Common Features as Impulses for Cooperation [Seite 36]
5.4 - The Time has not yet Come for All - Short and Long Ways to Reconciliation and Cooperation [Seite 37]
5.5 - Déjà-vu? [Seite 38]
6 - War over Kosovo 24 March 1999 -10 June 1999. Behind and Beyond the Scenes: Why NATO Attacked Yugoslavia [Seite 42]
6.1 - Overview [Seite 42]
6.2 - Kosovo as a Way for NATO to Raise its Profile [Seite 43]
6.3 - US Interests and their Role in the Kosovo Question [Seite 45]
6.4 - Germany's Interests and its Role in the Kosovo Question [Seite 47]
6.5 - The EU's Interests and their Role in the Kosovo Question [Seite 49]
6.6 - Neoliberal Economic Interests, Geostrategic and Geopolitical Considerations [Seite 51]
6.6.1 - Tangles of Interests [Seite 51]
6.6.2 - Neoliberal Global Economy as an Engine for War [Seite 51]
6.6.3 - Privatization as a Goal of War [Seite 52]
6.6.4 - Geostrategic and Geopolitical Considerations of the Military [Seite 54]
6.7 - Conclusion [Seite 55]
7 - A European Anti-War Movement. The Response of European Civil Society to the Conflicts in the Former Yugoslavia [Seite 60]
7.1 - Introduction [Seite 60]
7.2 - The Work at Home: Protest, Advocacy and Direct Aid [Seite 61]
7.3 - The Work on the Ground [Seite 64]
7.4 - Conclusions [Seite 71]
8 - Limits to Humanitarian Intervention. Syria and the Lessons from Bosnia and Kosovo [Seite 75]
8.1 - Syria and the Balkans - "Wicked Problems" [Seite 75]
8.2 - Lessons from Yugoslavia [Seite 77]
8.3 - The Dire Consequences of State Collapse [Seite 78]
8.4 - Can Intervention Work? [Seite 80]
8.5 - Regional Integration in the Age of Globalisation [Seite 81]
8.6 - Six Lessons - A Primer for Peace [Seite 82]
8.6.1 - Lesson 1: Negotiate Early and Robustly [Seite 82]
8.6.2 - Lesson 2: Include all Regional Powers - In Particular Iran [Seite 82]
8.6.3 - Lesson 3: No Preconditions about Core Issues [Seite 83]
8.6.4 - Lesson 4: No War Crimes Trials - At Least not Right Away [Seite 83]
8.6.5 - Lesson 5: Be Creative (Ibid.) [Seite 84]
8.6.6 - Lesson 6: Freeze out the Extremists [Seite 84]
9 - Peace and Security in the Balkans: A Challenge for Europe [Seite 86]
9.1 - Educational Factors in the Balkans [Seite 87]
9.1.1 - A Closer Look at the Theme of Religious Diversity [Seite 88]
9.1.2 - Making Peace through Culture [Seite 91]
9.1.3 - E pur si muove! [Seite 94]
9.1.4 - 1. Marketplace and Temple [Seite 95]
9.1.5 - 2. Polyphony and Counterpoint [Seite 96]
9.1.6 - 3. Memory and History [Seite 96]
10 - Dealing with the Past as a Common Challenge for State Institutions and Civil Society in Bosnia-Herzegovina, Serbia and Croatia [Seite 100]
10.1 - Legal Institutions for War Crimes Prosecution - Key Actors in "Dealing with the Past" [Seite 102]
10.2 - Governments and State Institutions [Seite 103]
10.3 - Civil Society Actors: Grassroots Engagement at a Local and Regional Level [Seite 106]
10.4 - The Campaign for Regional Truth Commission (REKOM) [Seite 109]
10.5 - Achievements and Challenges [Seite 110]
10.5.1 - Fostering Institutions' Capacities for Accountability and the Rule of Law [Seite 110]
10.5.2 - The Need for Restorative Approaches [Seite 111]
10.5.3 - Strengthening Civil Society Approaches for Dealing with the Past [Seite 112]
10.5.4 - Building Trust and Relationships in Divided Communities [Seite 113]
11 - Reconciliation through Recognition [Seite 119]
11.1 - Personal Identity Formation - From Hegel to Honneth [Seite 120]
11.2 - A New Normative Framework - Reconciliation through Practical "Relations-to-Self" [Seite 122]
11.3 - Overcoming Relativization by Countering Abstraction [Seite 124]
12 - Overcoming Violence: Responding to Contemporary and Past Violence [Seite 128]
12.1 - Introductory Remarks [Seite 128]
12.2 - I Overcoming Violence [Seite 129]
12.2.1 - Transformative Democracy as the Fundament for Sustainable Peace [Seite 129]
12.3 - II Response to Contemporary Violence - How to Find Other Ways? [Seite 130]
12.3.1 - Wartime [Seite 130]
12.4 - III Post-War Period - Transitional Justice Measures / Dealing with the Past [Seite 133]
12.5 - Dealing with the Past - Transitional (Transformative) Justice [Seite 134]
12.6 - Experience from Croatia: Transitional Justice Processes in Croatia (and the Region of Former Yugoslavia) [Seite 136]
12.7 - Ongoing Measures and Advances [Seite 138]
12.8 - Shortcomings, Gaps and Controversies [Seite 143]
12.9 - Go on - But how? [Seite 145]
12.10 - IV How to Move Forward? [Seite 147]
12.11 - Can the Citizens of Croatia Agree to Reach an Agreement on Croatian-Serbian Friendship? [Seite 148]
13 - A Few "Easy" Steps towards Reconciliation [Seite 151]
13.1 - Concord and Conflict [Seite 151]
14 - The Development of Teaching Materials to Further Peace [Seite 159]
14.1 - Background [Seite 159]
14.1.1 - Early Years [Seite 160]
14.1.2 - Evolution [Seite 161]
14.1.3 - Bottom-up Approach [Seite 162]
14.1.4 - JHP Workbooks [Seite 162]
14.1.5 - Ways and Means [Seite 163]
14.1.6 - Funding and Completion of Workbooks [Seite 165]
14.1.7 - Recognition [Seite 167]
14.1.8 - Human Rights Award 2013 [Seite 168]
14.1.9 - Impressions from the Field [Seite 168]
14.2 - Montenegro [Seite 169]
14.3 - Cyprus [Seite 170]
14.4 - Bosnia-Herzegovina [Seite 171]
14.5 - Kosovo [Seite 171]
14.6 - Albanian an Serbian Minorities - A Crash Test for the JHP [Seite 172]
14.7 - The Present and the Future [Seite 175]
15 - Editor and Contributors [Seite 178]
