
Introduction to Passive Radar
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Content
- Intro
- Contents
- Foreword
- Preface
- 1 Introduction
- 1.1 Terminology
- 1.2 History
- 1.3 Approach and Scope
- References
- 2 Principles of Passive Radar
- 2.1 Introduction
- 2.2 Bistatic and Multistatic Geometry
- 2.2.1 Coverage
- 2.2.2 Direct Signal Suppression
- 2.3 Bistatic Range and Doppler
- 2.3.1 Range Measurement
- 2.3.2 Range Resolution
- 2.3.3 Doppler Measurement
- 2.3.4 Doppler Resolution
- 2.4 Multistatic Passive Radar Range and Doppler
- 2.5 Multistatic Target Location
- 2.6 The Bistatic Radar Range Equation
- 2.7 Bistatic Target and Clutter Signatures
- 2.8 Summary
- References
- 3 Properties of Illuminators
- 3.1 Ambiguity Functions
- 3.1.1 The Ambiguity Function in Bistatic Radar
- 3.1.2 Bandwidth Extension with FM Radio Signals
- 3.2 Digital Versus Analog
- 3.2.1 Analog Television Signals
- 3.2.2 Mismatched Filtering
- 3.3 Digitally Coded Waveforms
- 3.3.1 OFDM
- 3.3.2 Global System for Mobile Communications
- 3.3.3 Long-Term Evolution
- 3.3.4 Terrestrial Digital Television
- 3.3.5 WiFi and WiMAX
- 3.3.6 Digital Radio Mondiale
- 3.4 Vertical-Plane Coverage
- 3.5 Satellite-Borne Illuminators
- 3.5.1 Global Navigation Satellite System
- 3.5.2 Satellite TV
- 3.5.3 INMARSAT
- 3.5.4 IRIDIUM
- 3.5.5 Low Earth Orbit Radar Remote-Sensing Satellites
- 3.6 Radar Illuminators
- 3.7 Summary
- References
- 4 Direct Signal Suppression
- 4.1 Introduction
- 4.2 Direct Signal Interference Power Levels
- 4.3 Direct Signal Suppression
- 4.4 Summary
- References
- 5 Passive Radar Performance Prediction
- 5.1 Introduction
- 5.2 Detection Performance Prediction Parameters
- 5.2.1 Transmit Power
- 5.2.2 Target Bistatic Radar Cross-Section
- 5.2.3 Receiver Noise Figure
- 5.2.4 Integration Gain
- 5.2.5 System Losses
- 5.3 Detection Performance Prediction
- 5.4 Comparing Predicted and Experimental Detection Performance
- 5.5 Target Location
- 5.6 Advanced Passive Radar Performance Prediction
- 5.7 Summary
- References
- 6 Detection and Tracking
- 6.1 Introduction
- 6.2 CFAR Detection
- 6.3 Target Location Estimation
- 6.3.1 Iso-Range Ellipses
- 6.3.2 Time Difference of Arrival (TDOA)
- 6.3.3 Range-Doppler Plots
- 6.4 Track Filtering
- 6.4.1 Kalman Filter
- 6.4.2 Probability Hypothesis Density Tracking
- 6.4.3 Multireceiver Passive Tracking
- 6.5 Summary
- References
- 7 Examples of Systems and Results
- 7.1 Introduction
- 7.2 Analog Television
- 7.3 FM Radio
- 7.3.1 Silent Sentry
- 7.3.2 The Manastash Ridge Radar
- 7.3.3 More Recent Experiments Using FM Radio Illuminators
- 7.3.4 Summary
- 7.4 Cell Phone Base Stations
- 7.5 DVB-T and DAB
- 7.6 Airborne Passive Radar
- 7.7 HF Skywave Transmissions
- 7.8 Indoor/WiFi
- 7.9 Satellite-Borne Illuminators
- 7.9.1 Early Experiments Using GPS and Forward Scatter
- 7.9.2 Geostationary Satellites
- 7.9.3 Bistatic SAR
- 7.9.4 Bistatic ISAR
- 7.9.5 Summary
- 7.10 Low-Cost Scientific Remote Sensing
- 7.10.1 Ocean Scatterometry Using GNSS Signals
- 7.10.2 Terrestrial Bistatic Weather Radar
- 7.10.3 Planetary Radar Remote Sensing
- 7.11 Summary
- References
- 8 Future Developments and Applications
- 8.1 Introduction
- 8.2 The Spectrum Problem and Commensal Radar
- 8.2.1 The Spectrum Problem
- 8.2.2 Commensal Radar
- 8.3 Passive Radar in Air Traffic Management
- 8.4 Countermeasures Against Passive Radar
- 8.4.1 Countermeasures
- 8.4.2 Bistatic Denial
- 8.5 Target Recognition and Passive Radar
- 8.6 Eldercare and Assisted Living
- 8.7 Low-Cost Passive Radar
- 8.8 The Intelligent Adaptive Radar Network
- 8.9 Conclusions
- References
- Bibliography
- About the Authors
- Index
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