Oracle in a Nutshell
A Desktop Quick Reference
Published on 18. December 2002
928 pages
978-1-4919-4295-6 (ISBN)
Description
Introduced a quarter-century ago, the Oracle database remains the leading enterprise relational database management system (RDBMS) in the world. Oracle is a complex system, offering a myriad of products, languages, and tools. Frequent updates, releases, and editions complicate the ability of Oracle users to keep up with the huge amounts of frequently changing information about the database and its capabilities.The goal of Oracle in a Nutshell is to pull together the most essential information on Oracle architecture, syntax, and user interfaces. The content and format of this book, an admirable addition to O''Reilly''s respected In-a-Nutshell line, combine to boil down vital Oracle commands, language constructs, parameters, and file formats in a succinct and highly accessible desktop reference.Oracle in a Nutshell covers the information that database administrators PL/SQL and Java developers, and system, network, and security administrators need as they manage Oracle databases and write code for these databases. It includes:
- Oracle Foundations--Overview of the Oracle architecture (memory structures and fundamental concepts), Oracle''s various editions and packaging options, summary of the initialization file parameters and data dictionary views, and fundamentals of Oracle''s concurrency scheme, security mechanisms (privileges, profiles, roles), and networking files (TNSNAMES.ORA, SQLNET.ORA, LISTENER.ORA, DAP.ORA, NAMES.ORA, CMAN.ORA) and options.
- Oracle Languages--Syntax summary for SQL language statements, SQL function calls PL/SQL language statements and characteristics, PL/SQL built-in package headers, and Java (JDBC and SQLJ) interfaces to the Oracle database.
- Oracle Tools--Commands provided with SQLPlus, SQLLoader, Import and Export, Oracle Recovery Manager (RMAN) and other backup/recovery methods, Oracle Enterprise Manager, and various performance tuning tools (Explain Plan, TKPROF, AUTOTRACE, UTLBSTAT, UTLESTAT, Statspack).
- Appendixes--Summary of Oracle datatypes, operators, expressions, conditions, numeric and date formats, and resources for additional reading.
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Content
- Intro
- Table of Contents
- Preface
- Which Platform and Version?
- Structure of This Book
- Conventions Used in This Book
- Comments and Questions
- Acknowledgments
- From Rick
- From Dave
- I
- Architecture and Packaging
- Oracle Instances and Databases
- The Components of a Database
- Tablespaces
- Physical Files in an Oracle Database
- Control Files
- Datafiles
- Datafile structure
- Extents and segments
- Redo Log Files
- Multiplexing redo log files
- How Oracle uses the redo logs
- Archived redo logs
- The Components of an Instance
- Memory Structures for an Instance
- Database buffer cache
- Shared pool
- Redo log buffer
- Large pool
- Background Processes for an Instance
- Oracle Versions
- Oracle Packaging
- Editions
- Options
- Configuration
- Parameter Files and Types
- INIT.ORA: The Initialization File
- SPFILE: The Server Parameter File
- Dynamically Modifiable Parameters
- Initialization Parameters
- Auditing
- AUDIT_FILE_DEST
- AUDIT_TRAIL
- TRANSACTION_AUDITING
- Backup and Recovery
- BACKUP_DISK_IO_SLAVES
- BACKUP_TAPE_IO_SLAVES
- FAST_START_IO_TARGET
- FAST_START_MTTR_TARGET
- FAST_START_PARALLEL_ROLLBACK
- FREEZE_DB_FOR_FAST_INSTANCE_RECOVERY
- RECOVERY_PARALLELISM
- Clustered Databases
- CLUSTER_DATABASE
- CLUSTER_DATABASE_INSTANCES
- CLUSTER_INTERCONNECTS
- DELAYED_LOGGING_BLOCK_CLEANOUTS
- DRS_START
- GC_DEFER_TIME
- GC_FILES_TO_LOCKS
- GC_LCK_PROCS
- GC_RELEASABLE_LOCKS
- GC_ROLLBACK_LOCKS
- INSTANCE_GROUPS
- INSTANCE_NAME
- INSTANCE_NUMBER
- LM_LOCKS
- LM_PROCS
- LM_RESS
- LOG_FILE_NAME_CONVERT
- MAX_COMMIT_PROPAGATION_DELAY
- OPS_ADMIN_GROUP
- PARALLEL_SERVER
- PARALLEL_SERVER_IDLE_TIME
- PARALLEL_SERVER_INSTANCES
- Cursors
- CLOSE_CACHED_OPEN_CURSORS
- CURSOR_SHARING
- CURSOR_SPACE_FOR_TIME
- OPEN_CURSORS
- ROW_CACHE_CURSORS
- SERIAL_REUSE
- SESSION_CACHED_CURSORS
- Database Links
- DBLINK_ENCRYPT_LOGIN
- OPEN_LINKS
- OPEN_LINKS_PER_INSTANCE
- Distributed Operations and Heterogeneous Services
- COMMIT_POINT_STRENGTH
- DISTRIBUTED_LOCK_TIMEOUT
- DISTRIBUTED_RECOVERY_CONNECTION_HOLD_TIME
- DISTRIBUTED_TRANSACTIONS
- HS_AUTOREGISTER
- MAX_TRANSACTION_BRANCHES
- I/O and Space Management
- DB_BLOCK_CHECKING
- DB_BLOCK_SIZE
- DB_FILE_DIRECT_IO_COUNT
- DB_FILE_MULTIBLOCK_READ_COUNT
- DB_FILE_SIMULTANEOUS_WRITES
- DB_FILES
- DISK_ASYNCH_IO
- HASH_MULTIBLOCK_IO_COUNT
- LGWR_IO_SLAVES
- Java
- JAVA_MAX_SESSIONSPACE_SIZE
- JAVA_POOL_SIZE
- JAVA_SOFT_SESSIONSPACE_LIMIT
- Jobs
- JOB_QUEUE_INTERVAL
- JOB_QUEUE_KEEP_CONNECTIONS
- JOB_QUEUE_PROCESSES
- Licenses
- LICENSE_MAX_SESSIONS
- LICENSE_MAX_USERS
- LICENSE_SESSIONS_WARNING
- Locking and Transactions
- DISCRETE_TRANSACTIONS_ENABLED
- DML_LOCKS
- ENQUEUE_RESOURCES
- ROW_LOCKING
- SPIN_COUNT
- TRANSACTIONS
- TRANSACTIONS_PER_ROLLBACK_SEGMENT
- Logging and Archiving
- ARCH_IO_SLAVES
- ARCHIVE_LAG_TARGET
- CPU_COUNT
- DB_CREATE_ONLINE_LOG_DEST_n
- FAL_CLIENT
- FAL_SERVER
- LOG_ARCHIVE_BUFFER_SIZE
- LOG_ARCHIVE_BUFFERS
- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST
- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_n
- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_n
- LOG_ARCHIVE_DUPLEX_DEST
- LOG_ARCHIVE_FORMAT
- LOG_ARCHIVE_MAX_PROCESSES
- LOG_ARCHIVE_MIN_SUCCEED_DEST
- LOG_ARCHIVE_START
- LOG_ARCHIVE_TRACE
- LOG_FILES
- REMOTE_ARCHIVE_ENABLE
- TAPE_ASYNCH_IO
- Memory Management
- BITMAP_MERGE_AREA_SIZE
- BUFFER_POOL_KEEP
- BUFFER_POOL_RECYCLE
- CACHE_SIZE_THRESHOLD
- CREATE_BITMAP_AREA_SIZE
- DB_CACHE_ADVICE
- DB_nK_CACHE_SIZE
- DB_BLOCK_BUFFERS
- DB_CACHE_SIZE
- DB_KEEP_CACHE_SIZE
- DB_RECYCLE_CACHE_SIZE
- HASH_AREA_SIZE
- HI_SHARED_MEMORY_ADDRESS
- LARGE_POOL_MIN_ALLOC
- LARGE_POOL_SIZE
- LOCK_SGA
- OBJECT_CACHE_MAX_SIZE_PERCENT
- OBJECT_CACHE_OPTIMAL_SIZE
- PGA_AGGREGATE_TARGET
- PRE_PAGE_SGA
- SEQUENCE_CACHE_ENTRIES
- SGA_MAX_SIZE
- SHARED_MEMORY_ADDRESS
- SHARED_POOL_RESERVED_MIN_ALLOC
- SHARED_POOL_RESERVED_SIZE
- SHARED_POOL_SIZE
- SORT_AREA_RETAINED_SIZE
- SORT_AREA_SIZE
- USE_INDIRECT_DATA_BUFFERS
- WORKAREA_SIZE_POLICY
- Names
- DB_CREATE_FILE_DEST
- DB_DOMAIN
- DB_FILE_NAME_CONVERT
- DB_NAME
- ENT_DOMAIN_NAME
- GLOBAL_NAMES
- SERVICE_NAMES
- National Language Support (NLS)
- NLS_CALENDAR
- NLS_COMP
- NLS_CURRENCY
- NLS_DATE_FORMAT
- NLS_DATE_LANGUAGE
- NLS_DUAL_CURRENCY
- NLS_ISO_CURRENCY
- NLS_LANGUAGE
- NLS_LENGTH_SEMANTICS
- NLS_NUMERIC_CHARACTERS
- NLS_SORT
- NLS_TERRITORY
- NLS_TIMESTAMP_FORMAT
- NLS_TIMESTAMP_TZ_FORMAT
- Optimization and Performance
- B_TREE_BITMAP_PLANS
- BLANK_TRIMMING
- FAST_FULL_SCAN_ENABLED
- HASH_JOIN_ENABLED
- OPTIMIZER_FEATURES_ENABLE
- OPTIMIZER_INDEX_CACHING
- OPTIMIZER_INDEX_COST_ADJ
- OPTIMIZER_MAX_PERMUTATIONS
- OPTIMIZER_MODE
- OPTIMIZER_PERCENT_PARALLEL
- OPTIMIZER_SEARCH_LIMIT
- PARTITION_VIEW_ENABLED
- QUERY_REWRITE_ENABLED
- QUERY_REWRITE_INTEGRITY
- READ_ONLY_OPEN_DELAYED
- SEQUENCE_CACHE_HASH_BUCKET
- STAR_TRANSFORMATION_ENABLED
- TIMED_OS_STATISTICS
- TIMED_STATISTICS
- Parallel Execution
- PARALLEL_ADAPTIVE_MULTI_USER
- PARALLEL_AUTOMATIC_TUNING
- PARALLEL_BROADCAST_ENABLED
- PARALLEL_DEFAULT_MAX_INSTANCES
- PARALLEL_EXECUTION_MESSAGE_SIZE
- PARALLEL_INSTANCE_GROUP
- PARALLEL_MAX_SERVERS
- PARALLEL_MIN_MESSAGE_POOL
- PARALLEL_MIN_PERCENT
- PARALLEL_MIN_SERVERS
- PARALLEL_THREADS_PER_CPU
- PARALLEL_TRANSACTION_RESOURCE_TIMEOUT
- Parameters
- IFILE
- SPFILE
- PL/SQL
- PLSQL_COMPILER_FLAGS
- PLSQL_LOAD_WITHOUT_COMPILE
- PLSQL_NATIVE_C_COMPILER
- PLSQL_NATIVE_LIBRARY_DIR
- PLSQL_NATIVE_LIBRARY_SUBDIR_COUNT
- PLSQL_NATIVE_LINKER
- PLSQL_NATIVE_MAKE_UTILITY
- PLSQL_V2_COMPATIBILITY
- UTL_FILE_DIR
- Remote Sites
- REMOTE_DEPENDENCIES_MODE
- REMOTE_LISTENER
- REMOTE_OS_AUTHENT
- REMOTE_OS_ROLES
- Rollback (Undo/Redo) Management
- CLEANUP_ROLLBACK_ENTRIES
- LOG_BLOCK_CHECKSUM
- LOG_BUFFER
- LOG_CHECKPOINT_INTERVAL
- LOG_CHECKPOINT_TIMEOUT
- LOG_CHECKPOINTS_TO_ALERT
- LOG_SIMULTANEOUS_COPIES
- LOG_SMALL_ENTRY_MAX_SIZE
- MAX_ROLLBACK_SEGMENTS
- ROLLBACK_SEGMENTS
- UNDO_MANAGEMENT
- UNDO_RETENTION
- UNDO_SUPPRESS_ERRORS
- UNDO_TABLESPACE
- Security
- MAX_ENABLED_ROLES
- O7_DICTIONARY_ACCESSIBILITY
- OS_AUTHENT_PREFIX
- OS_ROLES
- RDBMS_SERVER_DN
- REMOTE_LOGIN_PASSWORDFILE
- SQL92_SECURITY
- Shared Server/Multi-Threaded Server
- CIRCUITS
- DISPATCHERS
- MAX_DISPATCHERS
- MAX_SHARED_SERVERS
- MTS_CIRCUITS
- MTS_DISPATCHERS
- MTS_LISTENER_ADDRESS
- MTS_MAX_DISPATCHERS
- MTS_MAX_SERVERS
- MTS_MULTIPLE_LISTENERS
- MTS_RATE_LOG_SIZE
- MTS_RATE_SCALE
- MTS_SERVERS
- MTS_SERVICE
- SHARED_SERVER_SESSIONS
- Sorts
- SORT_DIRECT_WRITES
- SORT_READ_FAC
- SORT_SPACEMAP_SIZE
- SORT_WRITE_BUFFER_SIZE
- SORT_WRITE_BUFFERS
- Standby Databases
- ACTIVE_INSTANCE_COUNT
- LOCK_NAME_SPACE
- STANDBY_ARCHIVE_DEST
- STANDBY_FILE_MANAGEMENT
- STANDBY_PRESERVES_NAMES
- System Operations
- BACKGROUND_CORE_DUMP
- BACKGROUND_DUMP_DEST
- CONTROL_FILE_RECORD_KEEP_TIME
- CONTROL_FILES
- CORE_DUMP_DEST
- DB_BLOCK_CHECKPOINT_BATCH
- DB_BLOCK_CHECKSUM
- DB_BLOCK_LRU_EXTENDED_STATISTICS
- DB_BLOCK_LRU_LATCHES
- DB_BLOCK_LRU_STATISTICS
- DB_BLOCK_MAX_DIRTY_TARGET
- DB_WRITER_PROCESSES
- DBWR_IO_SLAVES
- MAX_DUMP_FILE_SIZE
- PROCESSES
- RESOURCE_LIMIT
- RESOURCE_MANAGER_PLAN
- SESSION_MAX_OPEN_FILES
- SESSIONS
- SHADOW_CORE_DUMP
- TEMPORARY_TABLE_LOCKS
- THREAD
- USE_ISM
- Oracle Trace
- ORACLE_TRACE_COLLECTION_NAME
- ORACLE_TRACE_COLLECTION_PATH
- ORACLE_TRACE_COLLECTION_SIZE
- ORACLE_TRACE_ENABLE
- ORACLE_TRACE_FACILITY_NAME
- ORACLE_TRACE_FACILITY_PATH
- SQL_TRACE
- TRACE_ENABLED
- TRACEFILE_IDENTIFIER
- USER_DUMP_DEST
- Miscellaneous Parameters
- ALWAYS_ANTI_JOIN
- AQ_TM_PROCESSES
- COMPATIBLE
- COMPATIBLE_NO_RECOVERY
- COMPLEX_VIEW_MERGING
- EVENT
- FIXED_DATE
- LOCAL_LISTENER
- LOGMNR_MAX_PERSISTENT_SESSIONS
- REPLICATION_DEPENDENCY_TRACKING
- Concurrency
- Concurrency Concepts
- Transactions
- Locks
- Concurrency and Contention
- Integrity Problems
- Serialization
- Oracle and Concurrent User Access
- MVRC Implementation Features
- MVRC Syntax
- ALTER SESSION
- SET TRANSACTION
- Security
- Authentication
- System Users
- Creating Users
- CREATE USER
- ALTER USER
- Profiles
- CREATE PROFILE
- ALTER PROFILE
- DROP PROFILE
- Privileges
- System Privileges
- AUDIT
- CLUSTER
- CONTEXT
- DATABASE
- DATABASE LINKS
- DEBUG
- DIMENSION
- DIRECTORY
- INDEX
- INDEXTYPE
- LIBRARY
- MATERIALIZED VIEW
- OPERATOR
- OUTLINE
- PROCEDURE
- PROFILE
- RESOURCE COST
- ROLE
- ROLLBACK SEGMENT
- SEQUENCE
- SESSION
- SNAPSHOT
- SYNONYM
- SYSTEM
- TABLE
- TABLESPACES
- TRIGGER
- TYPES
- USER
- VIEWS
- Miscellaneous Privileges
- Special System Privileges
- Schema Object Privileges
- Varieties of schema object privileges
- Schema objects and their privileges
- Directories
- External Tables
- Indextypes
- Libraries
- Materialized Views
- Operators
- Procedures, Functions, and Packages
- Sequences
- Tables
- User-defined Types
- Views
- Privileges and Users
- Common Keywords and Clauses
- GRANT
- REVOKE
- Roles
- System Roles
- Defining Roles
- CREATE ROLE
- ALTER ROLE
- DROP ROLE
- SET ROLE
- Auditing
- Auditing of System Actions
- Using Auditing
- AUDIT
- NOAUDIT
- Other Security Features
- Views and Stored Procedures
- Fine-grained Access Control and Security Policy
- Virtual Private Databases
- Label Security and Policy Manager
- Application Context
- Fine-grained Auditing
- LogMiner
- Oracle Advanced Security
- Oracle Internet Directory
- Invoker Rights
- Networking
- Oracle Networking Fundamentals
- Making the Connection
- Failover
- Load Balancing
- Shared Servers
- Connection Manager
- Configuration Files
- SQLNET.ORA
- TNSNAMES.ORA
- description_information
- connect_information
- LDAP.ORA
- LISTENER.ORA
- Networking Management Utilities
- Listener Control Utility
- Calling the utility
- Listener Control utility commands
- CHANGE_ PASSWORD
- EXIT
- HELP
- QUIT
- RELOAD
- SAVE_CONFIG
- SERVICES
- SET
- TNSPing
- Oracle Net Manager
- Oracle Net Configuration Assistant
- Data Dictionary
- Static Data Dictionary Views
- Families of Views
- Commonly Used Static Data Dictionary Views
- Advanced Queuing
- Audit trail
- Change Data Capture
- Constraints
- Data dictionary
- External tables
- Indexes
- Jobs
- Large objects (LOBs)
- Locks
- Log groups
- Materialized views
- Networking and distributed transactions
- Objects Option
- Partitioning
- PL/SQL
- Replication
- Security
- Sequences
- Server management
- SQLJ
- Storage
- Synonyms
- Tables, clusters, and views
- Others
- Other Static Data Dictionary Views
- Export
- Gateways
- Oracle Parallel Server/Real Application Clusters
- Remote procedure calls
- Snapshots
- SQL*Loader
- Tablespace point-in-time recovery
- Dynamic Data Dictionary Views
- Availability of Dynamic Data Dictionary Views
- How Dynamic Data Dictionary Views Are Built
- Global Dynamic Performance Views (GV$ Views)
- Dynamic Views
- Advanced Queuing
- Configuration
- Data dictionary cache
- Database
- Instance
- Locks and latches
- Multi-Threaded Server/Shared Server
- Oracle Parallel Server/Real Application Clusters
- Parallel Query
- Recovery
- Replication
- Resource allocation
- Security
- Session
- SGA
- SQL
- SQL*Loader direct path
- System environment
- II
- SQL
- Common Keywords and Identifiers
- Common SQL Clauses
- Autoextend_Clause
- Column_Constraint_Clause
- Constraint_State_Clause
- Index_Attributes_Clause
- LOB_Parameter_Clause
- LOB_Storage_Clause
- Partition_Clause
- Partition_Description_Clause
- Physical_Attributes_Clause
- Storage_Clause
- Table_Constraint_Clause
- Varray_Storage Clause
- Data Definition Statements
- ALTER RESOURCE COST
- ALTER SYSTEM
- ASSOCIATE STATISTICS
- AUDIT (Schema Objects)
- AUDIT (SQL Statements)
- CALL
- COMMENT
- CREATE/ALTER/DROP CLUSTER
- CREATE/DROP CONTEXT
- CREATE CONTROLFILE
- CREATE/ALTER DATABASE
- CREATE/DROP DATABASE LINK
- CREATE/DROP DIMENSION
- CREATE/DROP DIRECTORY
- CREATE/ALTER/DROP FUNCTION
- CREATE/ALTER/DROP INDEX
- CREATE/DROP INDEXTYPE
- CREATE/ALTER/DROP JAVA
- CREATE/DROP LIBRARY
- CREATE/ALTER/DROP MATERIALIZED VIEW
- CREATE/ALTER/DROP MATERIALIZED VIEW LOG
- CREATE/ALTER/DROP OPERATOR
- CREATE/ALTER/DROP OUTLINE
- CREATE/ALTER/DROP PACKAGE
- CREATE/ALTER/DROP PACKAGE BODY
- CREATE/ALTER/DROP PROCEDURE
- CREATE PFILE
- CREATE/ALTER/DROP PROFILE
- CREATE/ALTER/DROP ROLE
- CREATE/ALTER/DROP ROLLBACK SEGMENT
- CREATE SCHEMA
- CREATE/ALTER/DROP SEQUENCE
- CREATE/ALTER/DROP SNAPSHOT
- CREATE/ALTER/DROP SNAPSHOT LOG
- CREATE SPFILE
- CREATE/DROP SYNONYM
- CREATE/ALTER/DROP TABLE (Relational Syntax)
- CREATE/ALTER/DROP TABLE (Object Syntax)
- CREATE/ALTER/DROP TABLE (XML Syntax)
- CREATE/ALTER/DROP TABLESPACE
- CREATE TEMPORARY TABLESPACE
- CREATE/ALTER/DROP TRIGGER
- CREATE/ALTER/DROP TYPE
- CREATE/DROP TYPE BODY
- CREATE/ALTER/DROP USER
- CREATE/ALTER/DROP VIEW
- DISASSOCIATE STATISTICS
- GRANT (Object Privileges)
- GRANT (System Privilege or Role)
- NOAUDIT (Schema Objects)
- NOAUDIT (SQL Statements)
- RENAME
- REVOKE (Object Privileges)
- REVOKE (System Privilege or Role)
- Data Manipulation Statements
- ALTER SESSION
- ANALYZE
- DELETE
- EXPLAIN PLAN
- INSERT
- MERGE
- SAVEPOINT
- SELECT
- SET CONSTRAINT
- SET ROLE
- SET TRANSACTION
- TRUNCATE
- UPDATE
- Functions
- Common Keywords and Clauses
- Aggregate and Analytic Functions
- GROUP BY
- DISTINCT and ALL
- Analytic Clause
- Parameters
- AVG
- CORR
- COUNT
- COVAR_POP
- COVAR_SAMP
- CUME_DIST
- DENSE_RANK
- FIRST_VALUE
- GROUP_ID
- GROUPING
- GROUPING_ID
- KEEP
- LAG
- LAST_VALUE
- LEAD
- MAX
- MIN
- NTILE
- PERCENT_RANK
- PERCENTILE_ CONT
- PERCENTILE_ DISC
- RANK
- RATIO_TO_ REPORT
- REGR . . .
- ROW_NUMBER
- STDDEV
- STDDEV_POP
- STDDEV_SAMP
- SUM
- VAR_POP
- VAR_SAMP
- VARIANCE
- Numeric Functions
- ABS
- ACOS
- ASIN
- ATAN
- ATAN2
- BITAND
- CEIL
- COS
- COSH
- EXP
- FLOOR
- GREATEST
- LEAST
- LN
- LOG
- MOD
- POWER
- ROUND
- SIGN
- SIN
- SINH
- SQRT
- TAN
- TANH
- TRUNC
- WIDTH_BUCKET
- Character Functions
- ASCII
- CHR
- CONCAT
- INITCAP
- INSTR . . .
- LENGTH . . .
- LOWER
- LPAD
- LTRIM
- NLS_INITCAP
- NLS_LOWER
- NLS_UPPER
- NLSSORT
- REPLACE
- RPAD
- RTRIM
- SOUNDEX
- SUBSTR . . .
- TRANSLATE
- TREAT
- TRIM
- UPPER
- Date and Time Functions
- ADD_MONTHS
- CURRENT_DATE
- CURRENT_ TIMESTAMP
- DBTIMEZONE
- EXTRACT
- FROM_TZ
- INTERVAL DAY TO SECOND
- INTERVAL YEAR TO MONTH
- LAST_DAY
- LOCAL_ TIMESTAMP
- MONTHS_ BETWEEN
- NEW_TIME
- NEXT_DAY
- NUMTODS INTERVAL
- NUMTOYMINTERVAL
- ROUND
- SESSIONTIMEZONE
- SYS_EXTRACT_ UTC
- SYSDATE
- SYSTIMESTAMP
- TO_DSINTERVAL
- TO_TIMESTAMP
- TO_ TIMESTAMP_TZ
- TO_ YMINTERVAL
- TRUNC
- TZ_OFFSET
- Conversion Functions
- ASCIISTR
- BIN_TO_NUM
- CAST
- CHARTOROWID
- COMPOSE
- CONVERT
- DECOMPOSE
- HEXTORAW
- NUMTODS INTERVAL
- NUMTOYM INTERVAL
- RAWTOHEX
- RAWTONHEX
- ROWIDTOCHAR
- ROWIDTONCHAR
- TO_CHAR (character)
- TO_CHAR (datetime)
- TO_CHAR (number)
- TO_CLOB
- TO_DATE
- TO_DSINTERVAL
- TO_LOB
- TO_MULTI_ BYTE
- TO_NCHAR (character)
- TO_NCHAR (datetime)
- TO_NCHAR (number)
- TO_NCLOB
- TO_NUMBER
- TO_SINGLE_ BYTE
- TO_ YMINTERVAL
- TRANSLATE . . . USING
- UNISTR
- Object Functions
- DEREF
- MAKE_REF
- REF
- REFTOHEX
- VALUE
- XML Functions
- EXISTSNODE
- EXTRACT (XML)
- EXTRACTVALUE
- SYS_XMLAGG
- SYS_XMLGEN
- UPDATEXML
- XMLAGG
- XMLCOLATTVAL
- XMLCONCAT
- XMLELEMENT
- XMLFOREST
- XMLSEQUENCE
- XMLTRANSFORM
- Miscellaneous Functions
- BFILENAME
- COALESCE
- DECODE
- DEPTH
- DUMP
- EMPTY_BLOB
- EMPTY_CLOB
- NLS_CHARSET_ DECL_LEN
- NLS_CHARSET_ ID
- NLS_CHARSET_ NAME
- NULLIF
- NVL
- NVL2
- PATH
- SYS_CONNECT_ BY_PATH
- SYS_CONTEXT
- SYS_DBURIGEN
- SYS_EXTRACT_ UTC
- SYS_GUID
- SYS_TYPEID
- UID
- USER
- USERENV
- VSIZE
- PL/SQL
- PL/SQL Fundamentals
- Character Set
- Identifiers
- Literals
- Numeric, string, and Boolean literals
- Datetime interval literals
- Delimiters
- Block Structure
- Header Section
- Types of Blocks
- Parameters
- Syntax
- Keywords
- Parameter-Passing Notation
- Declaration Section
- Datatypes
- Constrained/unconstrained declarations
- Variables
- Default values
- NOT NULL
- Constants
- Cursor Variables
- Declaring explicit cursors
- Restrictions on cursor variables
- REF CURSOR Variables
- Anchored Declarations
- Programmer-Defined Subtypes
- Records
- Types of records
- Nested records
- Collections
- Associative Array
- Nested Table
- VARRAY
- Creating Collections
- Exceptions
- Forward Declarations
- Execution Section
- Statements
- Conditional Control Statements
- IF-THEN-ELSE
- CASE (Statement)
- CASE (Expression)
- Sequential Control Statements
- GOTO
- NULL
- Loop Statements
- Simple Loop
- Numeric FOR Loop
- Cursor FOR Loop
- WHILE Loop
- Explicit Cursors
- OPEN
- FETCH
- CLOSE
- Explicit Cursor Attributes
- Implicit Cursors
- Syntax
- Dynamic Cursors and SQL
- EXECUTE IMMEDIATE
- Using Cursor Variables
- OPEN. . .FOR
- Using Cursor Expressions
- CURSOR
- Using Records
- Using Collections
- Collection functions and methods
- Initializing collections
- Adding and removing elements
- Privileges
- Nested collections
- Bulk Binds
- FOR ALL
- BULK COLLECT INTO
- Transaction Management
- COMMIT
- ROLLBACK
- SAVEPOINT
- SET TRANSACTION
- LOCK TABLE
- Autonomous Transactions
- Exception Section
- Raising Exceptions
- RAISE
- RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR
- Exception Scope
- Exception Propagation
- WHEN OTHERS Clause
- SQLCODE
- SQLERRM
- Pragmas
- Program Units
- Common Attributes
- Procedures
- Functions
- Table Functions
- Local Programs
- Program Overloading
- Packages
- Package Structure
- Package Specification
- Package Body
- Referencing Package Elements
- Package Data
- SERIALLY_REUSABLE Pragma
- Package Initialization
- Triggers
- CREATE TRIGGER
- Event Sequences
- DML events
- DDL events
- Database events
- Trigger Predicates
- Calling PL/SQL Functions in SQL
- Specifying the Function
- Syntax
- Keywords
- Requirements and restrictions
- RESTRICT_REFERENCES Pragma
- Caveats on Calling PL/SQL Functions From SQL
- Native Compilation of PL/SQL
- External Procedures
- CREATE PROCEDURE
- Java and PL/SQL
- PL/SQL Packages
- DBMS_ALERT
- DBMS_APPLICATION_INFO
- DBMS_APPLY_ADM
- DBMS_AQ
- DBMS_AQADM
- DBMS_AQELM
- DBMS_CAPTURE_ADM
- DBMS_DDL
- DBMS_DEBUG
- DBMS_DEFER
- DBMS_DEFER_QUERY
- DBMS_DEFER_SYS
- DBMS_DESCRIBE
- DBMS_DISTRIBUTED_TRUST_ADMIN
- DBMS_FGA
- DBMS_FLASHBACK
- DBMS_HS
- DBMS_HS_PASSTHROUGH
- DBMS_IOT
- DBMS_JOB
- DBMS_LDAP
- DBMS_LIBCACHE
- DBMS_LOB
- DBMS_LOCK
- DBMS_LOGMNR
- DBMS_LOGMNR_CDC_PUBLISH
- DBMS_LOGMNR_CDC_SUBSCRIBE
- DBMS_LOGMNR_D
- DBMS_LOGSTNDBY
- DBMS_METADATA
- DBMS_MGWADM
- DBMA_MGWMSG
- DBMS_MVIEW
- DBMS_OBFUSCATION_TOOLKIT
- DBMS_ODCI
- DBMS_OFFLINE_OG
- DBMS_OFFLINE_SNAPSHOT
- DBMS_OLAP
- DBMS_ORACLE_TRACE_AGENT
- DBMS_ORACLE_TRACE_USER
- DBMS_OUTLN
- DBMS_OUTLN_EDIT
- DBMS_OUTPUT
- DBMS_PCLXUTIL
- DBMS_PIPE
- DBMS_PROFILER
- DBMS_PROPAGATION_ADM
- DBMS_RANDOM
- DBMS_RECTIFIER_DIFF
- DBMS_REDEFINITION
- DBMS_REFRESH
- DBMS_REPAIR
- DBMS_REPCAT
- DBMS_REPCAT_ADMIN
- DBMS_REPCAT_AUTH
- DBMS_REPCAT_INSTANTIATE
- DBMS_REPCAT_RGT
- DBMS_REPUTIL
- DBMS_RESOURCE_MANAGER
- DBMS_RESOURCE_MANAGER_PRIVS
- DBMS_RESUMABLE
- DBMS_RLS
- DBMS_ROWID
- DBMS_RULE
- DBMS_RULE_ADMIN
- DBMS_SESSION
- DBMS_SHARED_POOL
- DBMS_SNAPSHOT
- DBMS_SPACE
- DBMS_SPACE_ADMIN
- DBMS_SQL
- DBMS_STATS
- DBMS_STORAGE_MAP
- DBMS_STREAM_ADM
- DBMS_STREAMS
- DBMS_SYSTEM
- DBMS_TRACE
- DBMS_TRANSACTION
- DBMS_TRANSFORM
- DBMS_TTS
- DBMS_TYPES
- DBMS_UTILITY
- DBMS_WM
- DBMS_XDB
- DBMS_XDBT
- DBMS_XDB_VERSION
- DBMS_XMLDOM
- DBMS_XMLGEN
- DBMS_XMLPARSER
- DBMS_XMLQUERY
- DBMS_XMLSAVE
- DBMS_XMLSCHEMA
- DBMS_XPLAN
- DBMS_XSLPROCESSOR
- DEBUG_EXTPROC
- OUTLN_PKG
- UTL_COLL
- UTL_ENCODE
- UTL_FILE
- UTL_HTTP
- UTL_INADDR
- UTL_RAW
- UTL_REF
- UTL_SMTP
- UTL_TCP
- UTL_URL
- Java and Oracle
- Java Drivers
- Java in the Oracle Database
- Compiling and Loading Java
- loadjava
- dropjava
- Creating a PL/SQL Wrapper
- Data Mapping
- SQLJ
- Imports
- Compiling SQLJ Code
- Using SQL with SQLJ
- SQL Iterators
- Named iterators
- Positional iterators
- PL/SQL in SQLJ
- Database Objects and JPublish
- SQLJ Methods
- connect
- close
- getConnection
- setDefaultRowPrefetch
- setFetchSize
- getDefaultRowPrefetch
- getFetchSize
- setDefaultContext
- getExecutionContext
- getMaxRows
- setMaxRows
- getQueryTimeout
- setQueryTimeout
- getResultSet
- getSQLState
- getUpdateCount
- getWarnings
- setBatching
- isBatching
- executeBatch
- setBatchLimits
- JDBC
- oracle.jdbc
- Interfaces
- OracleCallableStatement
- OracleConnection
- OracleJdbc2SQLInput
- OracleOCIFailover
- OracleParameterMetaData
- OraclePreparedStatement
- OracleResultSet
- OracleResultSetCache
- OracleResultSetMetaData
- OracleSavepoint
- OracleStatement
- StructMetaData
- Classes
- OracleConnectionWrapper
- OracleDatabaseMetaData
- OracleDriver
- OracleTypes
- oracle.sql
- Interfaces
- CustomDatum
- CustomDatumFactory
- Mutable
- ORAData
- ORADataFactory
- Classes
- ARRAY
- ArrayDescriptor
- BFILE
- BLOB
- CHAR
- CharacterSet
- CLOB
- DATE
- Datum
- DatumWithConnection
- INTERVALYM
- JAVA_STRUCT
- NUMBER
- OPAQUE
- OpaqueDescriptor
- OracleSQLOutput
- RAW
- REF
- ROWID
- STRUCT
- StructDescriptor
- TIMESTAMP
- TIMESTAMPLTZ
- TIMESTAMPTZ
- TypeDescriptor
- III
- SQL*Plus
- Running SQL*Plus
- Entering SQL*Plus Commands
- Entering SQL*Plus commands
- Entering SQL statements
- Entering PL /SQL blocks
- Strings in SQL*Plus Commands
- Specifying Filenames
- Naming Variables
- Formatting Text Reports
- Column Headings
- Column Formats
- Page Width and Length
- Page Headers and Footers
- Defining a title
- Getting the date into a title
- Page Breaks
- Report Breaks
- BREAK command
- COMPUTE command
- SQL*Plus Format Elements
- Formatting Numbers
- Formatting Character Strings
- Formatting Dates
- Commands
- /*...*/
- -- (Double Hyphen)
- @ (At Sign)
- @@ (Double At Sign)
- / (Forward Slash)
- ACCEPT
- APPEND
- ARCHIVE LOG
- ATTRIBUTE
- BREAK
- BTITLE
- CHANGE
- CLEAR
- COLUMN
- COMPUTE
- CONNECT
- COPY
- DEFINE
- DEL
- DESCRIBE
- DISCONNECT
- EDIT
- EXECUTE
- EXIT
- GET
- HELP
- HOST
- INPUT
- LIST
- PASSWORD
- PAUSE
- PROMPT
- QUIT
- RECOVER
- REMARK
- REPFOOTER
- REPHEADER
- RUN
- SAVE
- SET
- SHOW
- SHUTDOWN
- SPOOL
- START
- STARTUP
- STORE
- TIMING
- TTITLE
- UNDEFINE
- VARIABLE
- WHENEVER
- Export and Import
- Export/Import Fundamentals
- Interactive Operation
- Export prompts
- Import prompts
- Command-Line Operation
- Common Parameters
- Export-Only Parameters
- Import-Only Parameters
- SQL*Loader
- Running SQL*Loader
- Command-Line Parameters
- Control File
- LOAD
- INFILE CLAUSE
- INTO TABLE Clause
- Field Clause
- LOB, BFILE, Object, and Collection Clauses
- Datatype Clause
- Concatenation Clauses
- Backup and Recovery
- Backup and Recovery Fundamentals
- User-Managed Backup and Recovery
- How to Perform User-Managed Backup
- Determining the files to back up
- Backing up datafiles
- Backing up log files
- Backing up the control file
- Backing up miscellaneous files
- How to Perform User-Managed Recovery
- Restoring datafiles
- Restoring the control file
- Tablespace Point-in-Time Recovery
- Backup and Recovery Commands
- ALTER DATABASE BACKUP CONTROLFILE
- ALTER DATABASE OPEN
- ALTER SYSTEM SUSPEND/RESUME
- CREATE CONTROLFILE
- DBVERIFY
- OCOPY
- RECOVER
- STARTUP MOUNT
- Recovery Manager (RMAN)
- RMAN Fundamentals
- Running RMAN
- Using RMAN Scripts
- Using RMAN Commands
- Common RMAN Parameters and Identifiers
- Common RMAN Clauses
- allocOperand Clause
- archivelogRecordSpecifier Clause
- completedTimeSpec Clause
- keepOption Clause
- listObjList Clause
- mntQualifier Clause
- obsoleteOpersList Clause
- recordSpec Clause
- until Clause
- RMAN Commands
- @ (At Sign)
- @@ (Double At Sign)
- ALLOCATE CHANNEL
- ALLOCATE CHANNEL FOR MAINTENANCE
- ALTER DATABASE
- BACKUP
- BLOCKRECOVER
- CATALOG
- CHANGE
- CONFIGURE
- CONNECT
- COPY
- CREATE CATALOG
- CREATE SCRIPT
- CROSSCHECK
- DELETE
- DELETE SCRIPT
- DROP CATALOG
- DUPLICATE
- EXECUTE SCRIPT
- EXIT
- HOST
- LIST
- PRINT SCRIPT
- QUIT
- RECOVER
- REGISTER
- RELEASE CHANNEL
- REPLACE SCRIPT
- REPLICATE
- REPORT
- RESET DATABASE
- RESTORE
- RESYNC
- RUN
- SEND
- SET
- SHOW
- SHUTDOWN
- SPOOL
- SQL
- STARTUP
- SWITCH
- UPGRADE CATALOG
- VALIDATE
- Enterprise Manager
- Architecture
- Three-Tier Configuration
- Two-Tier Configuration
- Running Enterprise Manager
- Enterprise Manager Interface
- Console Areas
- Views
- Enterprise Manager Administration
- Jobs
- Events
- Wizards
- Expansion Packs
- Diagnostics Pack
- Tuning Pack
- Change Management Pack
- Standard Management Pack
- Management Pack for Oracle Applications
- Management Pack for SAP R/3
- DBA Management Pack and DBA Studio
- OEMUTIL
- Running OEMUTIL
- OEMUTIL Commands
- changeCredentials
- deregisterEvent
- omsCredentials
- registerEventFromLibrary
- submitJob
- submitJobFromLibrary
- Performance
- SQL Optimization
- Rule-based Optimizer
- Cost-based Optimizer
- Statistics
- Gathering statistics
- Stored statistics
- Histograms
- Optimizer Modes
- Hints
- Optimizer mode hints
- Access path hints
- Query transformation hints
- Join hints
- Parallel execution hints
- Miscellaneous hints
- Stored Outlines and Plan Stability
- Creating outlines
- Using outlines
- Private outlines
- EXPLAIN PLAN
- Preparing to Run EXPLAIN PLAN
- Executing EXPLAIN PLAN
- PLAN_TABLE Columns
- TKPROF
- Preparing for a Trace
- Collecting Trace Information
- Running TKPROF
- Syntax
- Keywords
- TKPROF Output
- AUTOTRACE
- Statistics Collection
- UTLBSTAT/UTLESTAT
- Statspack
- Installing Statspack
- Using Statspack
- Reporting on Statspack data
- Statspack levels and thresholds
- Removing Statspack data
- IV
- Datatypes
- Scalar Datatypes
- Character Datatypes
- Numeric Datatypes
- Datetime Datatypes
- DATE datatype
- INTERVAL datatypes
- TIMESTAMP datatypes
- Large Object Datatypes
- Other Scalar Datatypes
- Collection Datatypes
- Collection Operators
- Reference Datatypes
- Expressions, Operators, and Conditions
- Expressions
- Operators
- Conditions
- Simple Conditions
- Group Conditions
- Logical Conditions
- Other Conditions
- Numeric Formats
- Date Formats
- Additional Resources
- Web Sites
- Books
- General
- Security
- Networking
- SQL
- PL/SQL
- Packages
- Java
- SQL*Plus
- SQL*Loader
- Backup and Recovery
- Enterprise Manager
- Performance
- Index
