
Designing RF Combining Systems for Shared Radio Sites
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Content
- Designing RF Combining Systems for Shared Radio Sites
- Contents
- Preface
- Introduction
- 1 Repeater Site RF Systems Overview
- 1.1 Single-Channel Duplexed System
- 1.2 Multichannel System
- 2 Surveying the Sites
- 2.1 Site Survey
- 2.2 Tower Mapping
- 2.3 RF Surveys
- 2.3.1 Spectrum Monitoring
- 2.3.2 Noise Monitoring
- 2.4 Tower Structural Survey
- 3 Essential Background
- 3.1 Noise in RF Systems
- 3.1.1 The Behavior of Noise in RF Systems
- 3.1.2 Noise Figure
- 3.2 IM
- 3.2.1 Third-Order IM and Third-Order Intercept Point
- 3.2.2 Third-Order IM with Unequal Input Signals
- 3.2.3 Third-Order IM with Three Input Signals
- 3.2.4 Fifth-Order IM and Fifth-Order IP
- 3.2.5 Fifth-Order IM with Unequal Input Signals
- 3.2.6 Fifth-Order IM with Three Input Signals
- 4 Sources of Interference at Shared Radio Sites
- 4.1 Transmitter Harmonics
- 4.2 Transmitter Sideband Noise
- 4.3 Transmitter IM
- 4.4 Receiver Blocking
- 4.5 Receiver IM
- 4.6 Minimizing Site Interference by Antenna Placement and Frequency Planning
- 5 Antennas and Site Antenna Systems
- 5.1 The Isotropic Radiator
- 5.2 Antenna Specifications
- 5.2.1 Directivity
- 5.2.2 Gain
- 5.2.3 Beamwidth
- 5.2.4 Reciprocity
- 5.2.5 E-Plane
- 5.2.6 H-Plane
- 5.2.7 Azimuth
- 5.3 Omnidirectional Antennas
- 5.3.1 Half-Wave Dipole
- 5.3.2 Half-Wave Folded Dipole
- 5.3.3 Quarter-Wave Monopole
- 5.3.4 Dipole Arrays
- 5.3.5 Binary Dipole Array
- 5.3.6 Elliptical Dipole Array
- 5.3.7 Offset Dipole Array
- 5.3.8 Colinear Antennas
- 5.3.9 Dual Antennas
- 5.4 Directional Antennas
- 5.4.1 Yagi-Uda
- 5.4.2 Panel Antennas
- 5.5 Down-Tilt
- 5.6 Calculating the Isolation Between Antennas on a Radio Tower
- 5.6.1 Isolation Between Horizontally Separated Antennas
- 5.6.2 Isolation Between Vertically Separated Antennas
- 5.6.3 Isolation Between Slant Separated Antennas
- 5.7 Antenna System Topology
- 5.8 Site Antenna System Design Rules
- Selected Bibliography
- 6 Calculating the Interference Threshold
- 6.1 Calculating the Initial Receiver Sensitivity
- 6.2 Adding the Effect of Site Noise
- 6.3 Calculating the 1-dB Interference Threshold
- 6.4 Accounting for Multiple Interference Mechanisms
- 6.5 Recalculating the Final Receiver Sensitivity
- 6.6 Summary
- Reference
- 7 Duplexers
- 7.1 Types of Duplexers
- 7.2 Specifying Duplexer Design Requirements
- 7.2.1 Transmit to Antenna Filter
- 7.2.2 Antenna to Receiver Filter
- 7.2.3 Final Duplexer Frequency Response
- 7.3 Duplexers and Passive IM
- Selected Bibliography
- 8 Transmitter Combining Systems
- 8.1 Isolators
- 8.2 Cavity Filters
- 8.3 Types of Transmitter Combiners
- 8.3.1 T-Pass Transmitter Combiners
- 8.3.2 Star Combiners
- 8.3.3 Hybrid Combiners
- 8.3.4 Combinations of Different Types
- 8.4 Specifying Transmitter Combiner Design Requirements
- 8.5 Differences for Duplexed Multichannel Systems
- 8.6 Site Transmitter Combiner Design Rules
- Selected Bibliography
- 9 Receiver Multicoupling Systems
- 9.1 Receiver Sensitivity
- 9.2 Types of Receiver Multicouplers
- 9.2.1 Standard Multicoupler
- 9.2.2 Channelized Multicoupler
- 9.2.3 Use of Crystal Filters in Channelized Multicouplers
- 9.3 Use of Tower Top Amplifiers in Receiver Multicouplers
- 9.4 Correctly Setting the Gain of Receiver Multicoupling Systems
- 9.5 Calculating Receiver Filter Requirements
- 9.6 Differences for Duplexed Multichannel Systems
- 9.7 Site Receiver Multicoupler Design Rules
- Selected Bibliography
- 10 Power and Antenna System Monitors
- 10.1 Power Monitors
- 10.2 Antenna System Monitors
- References
- 11 Transmission Line Systems
- 11.1 Transmission Line Systems for Multichannel Site RF System Designs
- 11.2 Transmission Line Systems for Single-Channel Duplexed RF System Designs
- 11.3 RF Surge Suppression Devices
- 11.4 Transmission Line Grounding Devices
- Selected Bibliography
- 12 Design Example
- 12.1 Information Gathering
- 12.1.1 Site Survey
- 12.1.2 Tower Mapping
- 12.1.3 RF Survey
- 12.2 Antenna System Design
- 12.3 Calculating the Interference Threshold
- 12.4 Transmitter Combiner Design
- 12.5 Receiver Multicoupler Design
- 12.5.1 Gain Setting
- 12.5.2 Calculating the Receiver Filter Requirements
- 12.6 Antenna System Monitor
- 12.7 Transmission Line System
- 12.7.1 RF Surge Suppression Devices
- 12.7.2 Transmission Line Grounding Devices
- 12.8 The Finished Design
- 12.9 Concluding Remarks
- Selected Bibliography
- About the Author
- Index
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