Cornerstones of Security
Description
This anthology presents the complete text of thirty-four treaties that have effectively contained the spread of nuclear, biological, and conventional weapons during the Cold War and beyond. The treaties are placed in historical context by individual commentaries from noted authorities Thomas Graham Jr. and Damien J. LaVera, which provide unique insights on each treaty's negotiation and implementation.
During the 1990s, numerous arms control agreements were concluded under U.N. or U.S. leadership. In 1995, one hundred sixty-five nations agreed to indefinitely extend the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty. Many nations ratified important chemical and biological weapons conventions, a pact to reduce conventional forces in Europe, and agreements to limit testing of weapons of mass destruction. More recent treaties seeking to restrain small arms trafficking and ban land mines are also highlighted and analyzed.
Graham concludes with lessons learned from the collective negotiation and verification history of these treaties, ongoing efforts to limit weaponry, and general observations on the status and effectiveness of these agreements. There is no comparable resource available for diplomats, international lawyers, and arms control specialists.
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Persons
Thomas Graham Jr. served as acting director of the U.S. Arms Control and Disarmament Agency and as Special Ambassador for Disarmament before retiring from government service in 1997. He is the author of Disarmament Sketches: Three Decades of Arms Control and International Law. Ambassador Graham currently serves as chairman and Damien J. LaVera as coordinator of the Lawyers Alliance for World Security in Washington, D.C.
Content
Abbreviations and Acronyms
Preface
Introduction
1. The 1925 Geneva Protocol
2. The Antarctic Treaty
3. The "Hot Line" Agreements
4. The Limited Test Ban Treaty
5. The Outer Space Treaty
6. Nuclear-Weapon-Free-Zone Treaties
7. The Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty
8. Special Non-Proliferation Treaty Safeguards Agreements
9. The Seabed Arms Control Treaty
10. The "Accidents Measures" Agreement
11. The Biological Weapons Convention
12. The Incidents at Sea Agreement
13. The Strategic Arms Limitation Talks
14. The Threshold Test Ban Treaty
15. The Peaceful Nuclear Explosions Treaty
16. The Environmental Modification Convention
17. The Convention on the Physical Protection of Nuclear Material
18. Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons
19. Nuclear Risk Reduction Centers
20. The Ballistic Missile Launch Notification Agreement
21. The Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty
22. The Conventional Armed Forces in Europe Treaty
23. The Open Skies Treaty
24. The Strategic Arms Reduction Treaties (START I & II)
25. The Chemical Weapons Convention
26. The Agreed Framework
27. Confidence and Security Measures Documents
28. The Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty
29. The Ottawa Convention on Landmines
30. Treaty on Strategic Offensive Reductions
Conclusions
Appendix
