Early Influences

List of Contributors Preface Dedication to Herbert G. Birch (1918-1973) Section 1 Drugs, Radiation, Hormones Introduction Behavioral Teratology: Embryopathic and Behavioral Effects of Drugs during Pregnancy I. Introduction II. Drugs and Prenatal Development: Principles of Teratology and Behavioral Effects III. Teratogenic Agents IV. Toxic Nonteratogenic Drugs in Animals and Humans V. Summary References Effects of Ionizing Radiation on Developing Brain and Behavior I. Introduction II. Radiosensitivity of Developing Cells and Malformative Processes III. Behavioral Development in Rats following Prenatal Irradiation: The Search for Correlations between Altered Structure and Function IV. Effects of Radiation on Infant Rats V. Effects of Radiation on Humans VI. Summary and Conclusions References Hormonal Influences on Brain and Behavioral Development I. Introduction II. Sexual Differentiation III. Sexual Differentiation in Primates IV. Sexual Differentiation in Birds V. Conclusions References Hormonal Mediation of the Effects of Prenatal Stress on Offspring Behavior I. Introduction II. Hormonal Mediation: Background III. Hormonal Mediation of Prenatal Stress Effects: Hypotheses IV. Evidence V. Implications and Conclusions ReferencesSection 2 Nutrition Introduction Nutritional Influences on Prenatal Brain Development I. Introduction II. Nutrients in Prenatal Brain Development III. Regulatory Factors and Timing in Prenatal Brain Development IV. Prenatal Malnutrition and Brain Development V. "Supernutrition" and Optimal Brain Development VI. Summary and Conclusions References Influence of Early Undernutrition on Behavioral Development and Learning in Rodents I. Introduction II. Undernutrition and Critical Periods during Growth III. The Vulnerable Period Hypothesis IV. Undernutrition and Physical Development of the Brain V. Undernutrition and Behavioral Development VI. Undernutrition and Later Behavior VII. Conclusions References Section 3 Sensory Experience, Overload, Enrichment Introduction Effect of Early Sensory Experience on Brain and Behavioral Development I. Introduction II. Early Auditory Experience III. Early Gustatory Experience IV. Early Olfactory Experience V. Early Tactile Experience VI. Early Visual Experience VII. General Discussion VIII. Summary References Influences of Early Auditory Trauma on Auditory Development I. Introduction II. Normal Functional and Anatomical Development of the Auditory System III. The Effects of Intense Sound on Hearing IV. Overstimulation Damage in Children and Young Animals V. Conclusions References Experiential Influences on Brain Anatomy and Brain Chemistry in Rodents I. Introduction and Scope II. Cerebral and Behavioral Effects Induced by Experience in Differential Environments III. Mechanisms Hypothesized to Mediate Production of Cerebral Effects of Differential Experience IV. Extensions of This Research and Related Investigations V. Roles of Experience VI. Conclusions References Section 4 Epilogue Author IndexSubject IndexContents of Previous Volumes