
Edexcel GCE Politics AS and A-level Student Book and eBook
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Content
- Front Cover
- Contents
- Component 1: Part 1 UK Politics
- Chapter 1: Democracy and Participation
- 1.1: Current systems of representative and direct democracy
- Features, similarities and differences
- Advantages and disadvantages of direct democracy and representative democracy
- The case for reform of the UK democratic system
- 1.2: A wider franchise and debates over suffrage
- Key milestones in the widening of the franchise
- The work of the suffragists and suffragettes to extend the franchise
- A case study of a current movement to extend the franchise: Votes at 16
- 1.3: Pressure groups and other influences
- Pressure groups: how they exert influence
- How pressure groups' methods vary
- Other collective organisations and groups
- 1.4: Rights in context
- Major milestones in the development of rights in the UK
- Debates over the extent, limits and tensions within the UK's rights-based culture
- Chapter 2: Political Parties
- 2.1: Political parties
- The functions and features of political parties in the UK's representative democracy
- The funding of UK political parties
- 2.2: Established political parties
- The Conservative Party
- The Labour Party
- The Liberal Democrat Party
- 2.3: Emerging and minor UK political parties
- The importance of other parties in the UK
- The ideas and policies of two minor parties: UKIP and the Green Party
- 2.4: UK political parties in context
- The development of a multi-party system
- Various factors that affect party success
- Chapter 3: Electoral Systems
- 3.1: Different electoral systems
- First past the post
- The additional member system, single transferable vote and supplementary vote: their advantages and disadvantages
- 3.2: Referendums and how they are used
- How referendums have been used and their impact on UK political life since 1997
- The case for and against referendums in a representative democracy
- 3.3: Electoral system analysis
- Debates on why different electoral systems are used in the UK
- The impact of the electoral system on the government or type of government appointed
- The impact of different electoral systems on party representation and on voter choice
- Chapter 4: Voting Behaviour and the Media
- 4.1: Case studies of three key general elections
- The elections, their results and the impact on parties and government
- The factors that explain the outcome of these elections
- Class-based voting and other influences on voting patterns
- Gender, age, ethnicity and region as factors in influencing voting behaviour, turnout and trends
- Analysis of the national voting behaviour patterns for the 1979, 1997 and 2010 elections
- 4.2: The influence of the media
- The role of the media in politics and its impact
- Debates around bias and persuasion in the media
- Component 1: Part 2 Core Political Ideas
- Chapter 1: Conservatism
- 1.1: Core ideas and principles
- Pragmatism
- Tradition
- Human imperfection
- Organic society or state
- Paternalism
- Libertarianism
- 1.2: Differing views and tensions within conservatism
- Traditional conservatism
- One-nation conservatism
- The New Right
- Neo-liberalism
- Neo-conservatism
- 1.3: Conservative thinkers and ideas
- Chapter 2: Liberalism
- 2.1: Core ideas and principles
- Individualism
- Freedom or liberty
- The state: a 'necessary evil'
- Rationalism
- Equality and social justice
- Liberal democracy
- 2.2: Differing views and tensions within liberalism
- Different views of freedom
- Different views of the state
- Is modern liberalism a contradiction or a continuation of classical liberalism?
- 2.3: Liberal thinkers and ideas
- Chapter 3: Socialism
- 3.1: Socialism: core ideas and principles
- Collectivism
- Common humanity
- Equality
- Social class
- Workers' control
- 3.2: Differing views and tensions within socialism
- Revolutionary socialism
- Social democracy
- Third way
- 3.3: Socialist thinkers and their ideas
- Component 2: Part 1 UK Government
- Chapter 1: The Constitution
- 1.1: The development, nature and sources of the UK constitution
- The development of the constitution
- The nature of the UK constitution
- The twin pillars of the UK constitution: parliamentary sovereignty and the rule of law
- The five main sources of the UK constitution
- 1.2: How the constitution has changed since 1997
- Pressure for reform in the 1990s
- Changes under Labour, 1997-2010
- Reforms under the coalition (2010-15) and the Conservative government since 2015
- 1.3: The role and powers of devolved bodies inthe UK
- Devolution in England
- Devolution in Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland
- Scottish parliament and government
- Welsh Assembly and government
- Northern Ireland Assembly and executive
- 1.4: Debates on further reform
- Devolution
- Electoral reform
- House of Lords reform
- The Human Rights Act
- Overview
- To what extent should the constitutional reforms introduced since 1997 be taken further?
- Chapter 2: Parliament
- 2.1: The structure and role of the House of Commons and House of Lords
- The selection of members
- The main functions of parliament
- 2.2: The comparative powers of the House of Commons and House of Lords
- The exclusive powers of the House of Commons
- The main powers of the House of Lords
- Debates about the relative powers of the two houses
- 2.3: The legislative process
- The different stages a bill goes through to become law
- 2.4: The ways in which parliament interacts with the executive
- The role and significance of backbenchers
- The work of select committees
- The role and significance of the opposition
- Ministerial questions and Prime Minister's Questions
- Chapter 3: Prime Minister and Executive
- 3.1: The structure, role and powers of the executive
- The structure of the executive
- The main roles of the executive
- The main powers of the executive
- 3.2: The concept of ministerial responsibility
- The concept of individual ministerial responsibility
- The concept of collective ministerial responsibility
- Exceptions to collective responsibility
- 3.3: The prime minister and Cabinet
- The power of the prime minister and Cabinet
- The powers of the prime minister and the Cabinet to dictate events and policy
- Chapter 4: Relations Between Institutions
- 4.1: The Supreme Court and the legislative and policy-making processes
- The role and composition of the Supreme Court
- The key operating principles of the Supreme Court
- The influence of the Supreme Court on the executive and parliament
- 4.2: The relationship between the executive and parliament
- The influence and effectiveness of parliament in holding the executive to account
- The influence and effectiveness of the executive in attempting to exercise dominance over parliament
- 4.3: The aims, role and impact of the European Union on UK government
- Aims of the EU and how far have they been achieved
- The role of the EU in policy-making
- The impact of the EU on the UK
- 4.4: The location of sovereignty in the UK political system
- The distinction between legal sovereignty and political sovereignty
- How far sovereignty has moved between different branches of government
- Where sovereignty can now be said to lie in the UK
- Component 2: Part 2 Non-Core Political Ideas
- Chapter 1: Anarchism
- 1.1: Core ideas and principles
- Rejection of the state
- Liberty
- Anarchy is order
- Economic freedom
- Utopian
- 1.2: Different types of anarchism
- Collectivist anarchism
- Individualist anarchism
- 1.3: Anarchist thinkers and their ideas
- Chapter 2: Ecologism
- 2.1: Core ideas and principles
- Ecology
- Holism
- Environmental ethics
- Environmental consciousness
- Post-materialism and anti-consumerism
- Sustainability
- 2.2: Different types of ecologism
- Deep green
- Shallow green
- Social ecology
- 2.3: Ecologist thinkers and their ideas
- Chapter 3: Feminism
- 3.1: Core ideas and principles
- Sex and gender
- Patriarchy
- The personal is political
- Equality feminism and difference feminism
- Intersectionality
- 3.2: Different types of feminism
- Liberal feminism
- Socialist feminism
- Radical feminism
- Post-modern feminism
- 3.3: Feminist thinkers and their ideas
- Chapter 4: Multiculturalism
- 4.1: Core ideas and principles
- Politics of recognition
- Culture and identity
- Minority rights
- Diversity
- 4.2: Different types of multiculturalism
- Liberal multiculturalism
- Pluralist multiculturalism
- Cosmopolitan multiculturalism
- The conservative criticism
- 4.3: Multiculturalist thinkers and their ideas
- Chapter 5: Nationalism
- 5.1: Core ideas and principles
- Nations
- Self-determination
- Nation-state
- Culturalism
- Racialism
- Internationalism
- 5.2: Different types of nationalism
- Liberal nationalism
- Conservative nationalism
- Anti-colonial and post-colonial nationalism
- Expansionist nationalism
- 5.3: Nationalist thinkers and their ideas
- Component 3: Part 1 Government and Politics of the USA
- Chapter 1: US Constitution and Federalism
- 1.1: The nature of the US Constitution
- The constitutional framework
- Codification and entrenchment
- Vagueness
- The amendment process
- 1.2: The principles of the US Constitution and their effectiveness today
- Federalism
- Separation of powers
- Checks and balances
- Bipartisanship
- Limited government
- 1.3: The main characteristics of US federalism
- The nature of the federal system of government
- The relationship of the federal system of government with the states
- 1.4: Interpretations and debates around the US Constitution and federalism
- The extent of democracy within the Constitution
- Strengths and weaknesses of the Constitution
- The debates around the extent to which the US remains federal today
- Chapter 2: Congress
- 2.1: The structure of Congress
- A bicameral institution
- The election cycle
- The distribution of power within Congress
- 2.2: The functions of Congress
- Representation
- The legislative function
- Oversight
- 2.3: Interpretations and debates
- The changing significance of parties in Congress
- The changing powers of Congress
- Congress and representation
- Chapter 3: US Presidency
- 3.1: Formal sources of presidential power as outlined in the US Constitution and their use
- The role as the head of state
- The role as the head of government
- 3.2: Informal sources of presidential power and their use
- The electoral mandate
- Executive orders
- National events
- The Cabinet
- Powers of persuasion including the nature/characteristics of each president
- Executive Office of the President including the role of the National Security Council, Office of Management and Budget and the White House Office
- 3.3: The presidency
- Relationships between the presidency and Congress
- Relationships between the presidency and the Supreme Court
- Limitations on presidential power and why this varies
- 3.4: Interpretations and debates of the US presidency
- How effectively have presidents since 1992 achieved their aims?
- The imperial presidency
- The role and power of the president in foreign policy
- Chapter 4: The Supreme Court and Civil Rights
- 4.1: The nature and role of the Supreme Court
- The US Constitution
- The independence of the Court
- The judicial review process
- 4.2: The appointment process for the Supreme Court
- The appointment process and its strengths and weaknesses
- Factors influencing the president's choice of nominee
- The composition and ideological balance of the Court
- 4.3: The Supreme Court and public policy
- Significant public policy cases of the Roberts Court
- The role of judicial activism and judicial restraint
- 4.4: The protection of civil liberties and rights in the US today
- Rights protected by Supreme Court rulings
- The effectiveness of the Supreme Court in protecting rights
- 4.5: Race and rights in contemporary US politics
- The effectiveness and influence of racial rights campaigns
- 4.6: Interpretations and debates of the US Supreme Court and civil rights
- The extent of Supreme Court power
- The political versus the judicial nature of the Supreme Court
- Living Constitution ideology versus originalism
- The protection of rights
- Chapter 5: Democracy and Participation
- 5.1: Electoral systems in the USA
- Presidential elections and their significance
- Campaign finance
- 5.2: Key ideas and principles of the Democratic and Republican Parties
- Social and moral issues
- Economic policy
- Provision of social welfare
- Conflicts and tendencies
- Coalition of supporters
- 5.3: Interest groups in the USA
- The significance of interest groups
- Interest group tactics
- Interest groups and democracy
- 5.4: Interpretations and debates surrounding US democracy and participation
- Chapter 6: Comparative Approaches
- 6.1: Theoretical approaches
- Rational
- Cultural
- Structural
- 6.2: Constitutions
- Similarities and differences
- What are the significances of these differences?
- 6.3: Legislatures: Congress and parliament
- The powers, strengths and weaknesses of each of the Houses
- Comparing Congress and parliament
- 6.4: Executives
- President and prime minister: five key constitutional differences
- 6.5: Judiciary and civil rights
- Independence of the UK and US judiciaries
- Effectiveness of rights protection by the judiciary
- The effectiveness of interest groups in the protection of civil rights
- 6.6: Democracy and participation
- Party systems
- Party unity
- The policy profiles of the main parties
- Campaign finance and party funding
- Pressure groups
- Component 3: Part 2 Global Politics
- Chapter 1: The State and Globalisation
- 1.1: The state: nation states and national sovereignty
- Characteristics of a nation state
- Characteristics of national sovereignty
- 1.2: Globalisation
- The process of globalisation
- 1.3: Debates about the impact of globalisation including its advantages and disadvantages
- The impact of globalisation, and its implications for the nation state and national sovereignty
- 1.4: Globalisation and contemporary issues
- Poverty
- Conflict
- Human rights
- The environment
- Chapter 2: Global Governance: Political and Economic
- 2.1: Political
- The United Nations (UN)
- North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
- 2.2: Economic
- International Monetary Fund (IMF)
- The World Bank
- The World Trade Organization (WTO) and G7/G8 and G20
- Group of Seven/Eight (G7/G8)
- Group of 20 (G20)
- Significance of how global economic governance deals with the issue of poverty
- 2.3: Addressing and resolving contemporary global issues
- The role and significance of the global civil society and non-state actors
- Chapter 3: Global Governance: Human Rights and Environmental
- 3.1: Human rights
- Origins and development of international law and institutions
- The key issues of these institutions in dealing with human rights
- 3.2: Environmental
- The role and significance of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
- 3.3: Addressing and resolving contemporary global issues
- Challenges to effective global environmental governance
- The role of non-state actors in addressing and resolving environmental issues
- Chapter 4: Power and Developments
- 4.1: Different types of power
- The use and effectiveness of types of power
- 4.2: Differing significance of states in global affairs and how - and why - state power is classified
- State power classifications
- 4.3: Polarity
- The implications of different polar structures
- Consideration of changing nature of world order since 2000
- 4.4: Different systems of government
- Democratic states
- 4.5: Development and spread of liberal economies, the rule of law and democracy
- 4.6: Impact of world order on conflict, poverty, human rights and the environment
- Chapter 5: Regionalism and the EU
- 5.1: Regionalism
- Different forms of regionalism
- Debates about and the reasons and significance of regionalism
- 5.2: Development of regional organisations, excluding the EU
- 5.3: Factors that have fostered European integration and the major developments through which this has occurred
- Formation, role, objectives and development of the European Union (EU)
- Establishment and powers of key EU institutions and the process of enlargement
- Key treaties and agreements
- Economic and monetary union
- Debates about supranational versus intergovernmental approaches
- 5.4: Significance of the EU as an international body/global actor, including the constraints and obstacles
- The EU's political, economic, structural and military influence in global politics
- 5.5: The ways and extent to which regionalism addresses and resolves contemporary global issues
- Chapter 6: Comparative Theories
- 6.1: Main ideas of realism
- States as key actors in global politics and the balance of power (state sovereignty)
- 6.2: Main ideas of liberalism
- The significance of morality and optimism on human nature
- Possibility of harmony and balance
- Complex interdependence
- Likelihood of global governance
- Impact and growth of international organisations
- 6.3: Divisions between realism and liberalism
- 6.4: Main ideas of the anarchical society and society of states theory
- Acceptance that there is anarchy in the global system
- States have an informal understanding that ensures a degree of co-operation
- 6.5: The extent to which realism and liberalism explain recent developments in global politics
- Glossary
- Index
- Back Cover
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