Augmented and Virtual Reality in Industry 5.0
Description
This edited volume collects a series of studies concerning the most recent developments in the industrial applications of augmented and virtual reality. Each chapter outlines the most recent advancements in the theory and applications of augmented and virtual reality to different sectors of technology, industry and society. The book thus contributes to a study of the interaction between humans and machines in Industry 5.0.
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Dr. Richa Goel is Associate Professor-Economics and International Business at SCMS, Symbiosis University Noida. She is a Gold Medalist in her Master of Economics with dual specialization at master level accompanied with an MBA in HR and also with dual specialization at graduate level with Gold Medalist in Economics Honors also with Bachelor of Law. She is Ph.D. in Management where she had worked for almost 6 years on area of Diversity Management. She has a journey of almost 21+ years in academic. She is consistently striving to create a challenging and engaging learning environment where students become life-long scholars and learners. She has to her credit many Scopus Indexed Books including Research Papers in UGC, SCOPUS, ABDC publications in reputed national and international journals accompanied with hundreds of Research participation in International/National Conferences including FDP, MDP and Symposiums. She is serving as a member of review committee for conferences and journals. She is handling many Scopus International Peer Reviewed Journals as Lead Editor for regular and special issue journals. She is acting as the Associate Editor & special issue Editor of Journal of Sustainable Finance and Investment, JSFI is abstracted and indexed in the Chartered Association of Business Schools Academic Journal Guide (2018 edition) and Scopus, Print ISSN: 2043-0795 Online ISSN: 2043-0809. According to SCImago Journal Rank (SJR), this journal is ranked 0.52 under Q1 category. Her area of interest includes Development & Sustainable Economics, Economics Business Restructuring, Fusion of Technology with International Business.
Prof. (Dr.) S. K. Baral has done his M. Com, LL. B, MBA and Ph.D. (Awarded in the year 1999) from Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, Orissa, India. As an active academician, he has been closely associated with several foreign Universities, such as Southampton Solent University, United Kingdom, University of Washington, Bothell, USA, University of Zululand, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa and Eudoxia Research University, New Castle, USA for multiple academic activities. He is an Accredited Management Teacher (AMT) recognised by All India Management Association (AIMA), New Delhi, India. He has completed QIP in 'Professional Ethics' from IIT-Kharagpur, India. He has been recognized as a CEGR Certified Academic Leader. He has contributed 146 Research Papers in different referred National and International Journals (including Scopus, Emerald, IGI Global, ABDC, Taylor & Francis, Sage, Springer and UGC Care Listed, etc.) to his credit. He has authored 14 books and edited 13 books. He has published 4 e-Resources (e-gyansagar) and 4 study materials for different universities. He has conferred with 27 National and International Awards. He has earned 06 Indian Copyrights in his favour to his credit. He is also a NAAC Assessor (Peer-team Member), Ministry of HRD, Govt. of India. He has contributed an important National Level Policy Paper on Higher Education Scenario of Chhattisgarh State of India to the Ministry of HRD, Government of India. He is the Chief Editor of 'Splint International Journal of Professionals', a Quarterly Published International Journal, ISSN 2349 - 6045 (P) 2583-3661 (O), abstracted and indexed @ ProQuest, USA (part of Clarivate), J-Gate, Indian Citation Index & International Scientific Indexing since 2014 (URL: https://www.indianjournals.com/ijor.aspx?target=ijor:sijp&type=home). He has 28 years of rich experience in academia by holding several important positions at various levels.
Dr. Tapas Mishra
: Professor & Head of Department Banking and Finance, Professor of Banking and Finance, Director of the Centre for Empirical Research in Finance and Banking.
Prof. (Dr.) Tapas Mishra is currently a Professor and Head of Banking and Finance at the
Southampton Business School, where he lectures in the subject areas of Quantitative Finance and
Advanced Time Series Modelling. He is a Fellow of the Higher Education Academy (HEA).
Previously he held academic position (as Associate Professor of Economics and Time Series
Econometrics) at the Economics Department in Swansea University where he taught a range of
subjects, which include Advanced Macroeconomic Analysis, Econometric Theory, Mathematical
Economics and Applied Economics.
He has led several research projects awarded by both national and international funding bodies,
such as the Leverhulme Trust, the Ford Foundation and Winrock International, the Swedish
Research Council, and the European Commission's FP6 Framework. His papers have been
published in leading scientific journals, such as Nature, World Development, Social Indicators
Research, Journal of Forecasting, Journal of Macroeconomics, European Journal of Finance,
Manchester School, and Economics Letters, among others. His recently published book on
Dynamics of Distribution and Diffusion of New Technologies (published by the Springer) has been
downloaded over 2800 times. His research has been presented at refereed national and international
conferences, such as the Royal Economic Society, the American Economic Association, Economic
History Association, EURAM, Econometric Society, and Science and Public Policy Conference at
the Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University.
Dr. Vishal Jain
is presently working as an associate professor at the Department of Computer Science and
Engineering, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University (Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh,
India). Before that, he has worked for several years as an associate professor at Bharati Vidyapeeth's
Institute of Computer Applications and Management (BVICAM), New Delhi. He has more than 15 years of
experience in academics. He obtained PhD (CSE), MTech (CSE), MBA (HR), MCA, MCP, and CCNA. He has
authored more than 120 research papers in reputed conferences and journals, including Web of Science
and Scopus. He has authored and edited more than 35 books with various reputed publishers, including
De Gruyter, Elsevier, Springer, Apple Academic Press, CRC, Taylor and Francis Group, Scrivener, Wiley,
Emerald, and IGI-Global. His research areas include information retrieval, semantic web, ontology
engineering, data mining, ad hoc networks, and sensor networks. He received a Young Active Member
Award for the year 2012-13 from the Computer Society of India, Best Faculty Award for the year 2017, and
Best Researcher Award for the year 2019 from BVICAM, New Delhi.
Content
1 Application of AR and VR for supply chain: a macro perspective approach
Saurabh Tiwari University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, School of Business, Dehradun, India Sukanta Kumar Baral Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Department of Commerce, Amarkantak, India Richa Goel Symbiosis International University, Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies, Noida, India
Abstract
Post COVID-19, the attention of global manufacturers has suddenly shifted towards supply chain networks to enhance their efficiency and effectiveness. This has necessitated redesigning and incorporating novel viewpoints into service and production processes. Manufacturing has undergone a new industrial shift with the introduction of Industry 4.0, which uses cutting-edge technologies to enhance all aspects of operations and the supply chain. Virtual reality (VR) permits customers to interrelate with and immerse themselves in a computer-generated situation, recreate the actual world, or create an unreal world. Augmented reality (AR) technology is any method that instantly inserts virtual objects, information, or elements into the real world. There are many ways that AR and VR can be used in the supply chain. AR applications could help companies increase the productivity and performance as regards their operations, such as planning of the facility, transportation, order management, maintenance activity, and last but not least, last-mile delivery. On the contrary, the application of VR could help organizations manage freight operations, layout planning of production units, warehousing, management of workforce, and managing deliveries of the last mile. The goal of this paper is to investigate the existing literature, available data, and concepts to provide future research directions to help academicians and managers systematically understand the various applications and growth of AR and VR, in managing the supply chain.
Keywords: logistics, supply chain, augmented reality, virtual reality, emerging technology,1 Introduction
The world has faced unfortunate encounters in global operations and supply chains since 2019, owing to the COVID-19 pandemic. Due to the quick worldwide shift toward greater productivity and effectiveness across the supply chain network, processes for manufacturing and for providing services have had to be redesigned and approached in novel ways [1]. Manufacturing processes and cutting-edge technology, such as cyber-physical systems and widespread internet use, are included in Industry 4.0 [2]. To maintain a constant competitive advantage [3] and attain the maximum heights of achievement in terms of quality, delivery, cost, and flexibility, businesses must develop core capabilities [4]. Implementing I4.0 improves connectivity and interaction between people, machines, and systems [5, 6], strengthening the relationship between production and supply chains. To manage the pandemic, many preventative measures were implemented to deal with the crisis, including travel restrictions, physical seclusion, and social lockdowns [7]. However, the maturity of the supply chain and its integration with I4.0 technologies will determine how effective these preventative measures are. AR and VR are two important I4.0 technologies that can help supply chains develop and mature in the post-COVID-19 era.
An intermediary in which digital content is overlaid over the actual world and is interactive in real-time, as well as both spatially and temporally within the actual world, is AR [8].
Any system that instantaneously includes virtual objects, elements, or data into the actual world is mentioned to as AR [9].
Using virtual reality (VR) technology, users can interact with and immerse themselves in a computer-generated situation, a recreation of the actual, or an unreal world [10].
In order for users to feel the virtual world is realistic, VR aims to simulate them [11].
The way for AR was paved in 1966 with the invention of the first head-mounted display by Sutherland [12]. However, it took decades to investigate the practical applications of AR in business, thoroughly. By combining the actual world and virtual surroundings, AR technologies "improve a customer's experience of an interface with the actual world" [13]. All activities that have the primary objective of enhancing human senses and abilities by overlapping virtual elements over a physical environment are included in AR. AR is speedily gaining traction and is considered a cutting-edge technology within the I4.0 manufacturing archetype [14, 15]; as a result of this, I4.0 is quickly adopting AR technology [14, 15, 16]. AR expertise offers comprehensive backing to industries in managing the complete product life cycle and conceptual planning, production, and maintenance activities.
AR systems, for instance, have been applied in the product design phase, in order to provide quicker and increased efficient design operation [17]. R&D groups can quickly influence, examine, and measure active models using sophisticated AR visualization. Using this competency, industries can streamline complex engineering project jobs and reduce the time and cost of constructing physical models. Furthermore, combining virtual and actual items in the same surroundings allows developers to give consumers a mechanism for creating, visualizing, and contextualizing objects [17]. Several studies have been done on applying AR technologies in manufacturing and service delivery. Participants range from manufacturers of machine tools and power plants to suppliers to the aerospace and automotive industries [18]. In this case, AR technologies, more specifically AR glasses, enable workers to envision the placement of individual components on the production line and exhibit production data in their area of vision, making the line prone to fewer disasters and offering enhanced excellence mechanism [19].
The information and capabilities of operators can also be greatly enhanced by using AR devices, because they can see the jobs being completed in their occupied environment. There are many fields in industry where AR and VR are being functional and implemented; prominent among them are pharmaceuticals and hospitals, R&D, military operations, gaming industry, and science & technology. These days, due to the advancements in AR and VR technologies, they have been prominently used in managing the operations in logistics, production, and supply chains [20]. VR applications, for example, could assist companies with various tasks, including planning factory layouts, last-mile deliveries, warehousing, human resource management [21], etc. Unfortunately, the COVID-19 supply chain experienced numerous disruptions due to travel restrictions. This article seeks to promote the existing awareness of AR and VR in the supply chain, while presenting a novel angle for future research.
RQ1. What is the present awareness and understanding of AR and VR in logistics and supply chains?
RQ2. What are the primary research directions for AR/VR in the supply chain?
This paper has been broadly structured and planned, with six sections. The first section delivers a summary of the introduction; the literature analysis and evaluation on AR and VR are introduced in the second section. The research method is captured in the third section. The fourth section contains the results and discussions that were reported. Finally, section five presents the discussions and conclusions based on the findings, and section six addresses and presents potential guidelines for upcoming research.
2 Literature review
2.1 Augmented reality
In recent decades, the development of cutting-edge tools, like AR, has frequently been viewed as an active step for boosting the effectiveness of many supply chain functions [22]. Numerous industries, including manufacturing, military operations, education, and health care, have used AR [23]. Although AR has a history dating back to 1960, it has only recently come to be regarded as a research field unto itself [24]. AR has made providing an interactive and immersive surrounding for the users possible, by producing computer-generated content in the real world [25]. Digital or computer-generated content is being superimposed over the customer outlook of the actual world to augment reality to work [24, 26]. A real-time operating system, blending virtual and real elements,...
