Voice and Inversion

Name: Voice and Inversion
Brand: John Benjamins Publishing Company
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T. Givón(Editor)

John Benjamins Publishing Company

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Published on 30. May 1994

VIII, 402 pages

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VOICE AND INVERSION
Editorial page
Title page
Copyright page
Table of contents
Abbreviations
I. INTRODUCTION
The pragmatics of de-transitive voice: Functional and typological aspects of inversion*
1. Introduction
1.1. The functional domain of voice
1.2. The functional basis of grammatical typology
2. The semantics of transitivity
3. The pragmatics of voice and de-transitivity
4. The definition and measurement of topicality
4.1. Anaphoric and cataphoric dimensions
4.2. Quantitative measures4.2.1. Topicality
4.2.1. Topicality measures
4.2.2. Frequency distribution in text
4.2.3. Frequency of non-anaphoric agent or patient deletion
5. Syntactic-typological correlates of de-transitive voice
5.1. Preamble: Subjecthood and the active-direct voice
5.2. Grammatical relations in the de-transitive clause
5.2.1. Syntactic demotion
5.2.2. Syntactic promotion
5.3. Toward a cross-linguistic grammatical typology of inverse voice constructions
5.3.1. Preamble
5.3.2. Pronominal (morphological) vs. word-order inverse
5.3.2.1. Pronominal inverses
5.3.2.2. Word-order inverse
5.3.3. Full-NP case marking in the inverse clause
5.3.4. Semantic vs. pragmatic inverse
5.3.5. Promotional vs. non-promotional inverse
6. Some diachronic aspects of the inverse voice
6.1. Preamble
6.2. From word-order inverse to pronominal inverse
6.3. From pragmatic to semantic inverse
6.4. From inverse to ergative
6.5. Promotional vs. non-promotional inverses and the rise of obviate agent marking
6.6. From nominalized clause to a pronominal inverse
6.7. From inverse to passive and from passive to inverse
7. In this volume
NOTES
REFERENCES
II. MORPHOLOGICAL INVERSES
Passives and inverse constructions
1. Introduction
2. Methodology - diagnosing inverse clauses
3.1. The inverse in Koyukon (Athabaskan)
3.2. The inverse in Chepang
3.3. The inverse in Plains Cree
3.4. The inverse in Tibeto-Burman languages
3.5. The inverse in Mapudungan
4. Conclusion
REFERENCES
The discourse function of the Kutenai inverse1
0. Introduction
1. Some basic properties of Kutenai
1.1. Nonthird person subjects and objects
1.2. Third person subjects and objects
1.3. The transitivity of inverse clauses
1.4. Passive
1.5. Proximate sequences
1.6. Double obviative clauses
2. Text counts
2.1. Overall frequencies
2.2. Referential distance
2.3. Persistence
2.4. Pronominal participants vs. overt noun phrases
2.5. Proximate vs. nonproximate in immediately preceding discourse
2.6. Summary
3. Explaining the residue
3.1. Direct clauses in which the ? was proximate in the preceding discourse
3.2. Inverse clauses where the A was proximate in the preceding discourse
3.3. Inverse clauses in which neither participant was proximate in the preceding discourse
3.4. Inverse clauses in which the ? is an overt NP
4. The contrast between the Kutenai inverse and the English passive
4. Conclusion
NOTES
REFERENCES
Direct, inverse and passive in Northwest Sahaptin*
1. Introduction
2. Transitive clauses in Sahaptin
2.1. General characteristics
2.2. The direct and inverse clauses
2.2.1. The semantic ('obligatory') inverse
2.2.2. The pragmatic ('optional) inverse
2.3. Passive clauses
3. The discourse function of the pragmatic inverse
3.1. Switching away from the proximate agent
3.2. Switching back to the proximate agent
4. Methodology
4.1. Texts
4.2. Clause types
4.3. Quantified measures of topicality
4.3.1. Referential distance
4.3.2. Topic persistence
5. Results
5.1. Frequency distribution of voice clauses in text
5.2. Quantitative measures of relative topicality
5.2.1. Anaphoric referential distance (RD)
5.2.2. Cataphoric topic persistence (TP)
5.3. Frequency of non-anaphoric agent deletion
6. Discussion
NOTES
REFERENCES
The inverse in Squamish
1. Introduction
2. The pragmatics of voice in Chamorro
3. Some grammatical characteristics of Squamish
3.1. Word order
3.1.1. The ergative-active clause
3.1.2. The de-transitive clause
3.2. Morphology
3.2.1. The active-transitive (ergative) clause
3.2.1.1. Transitive suffix
3.2.1.2. Pronominal verb agreement
3.2.1.3. Residues of semantic inversion
3.2.1.4. Nominal case marking
3.2.2. The de-transitive (DT) clause
3.2.2.1. Transitive suffix
3.2.2.2. Pronominal verb agreement
3.2.2.3. Nominal case marking
3.2.2.4. The oblique case
3.2.2.4.1. Verbs with obligatory oblique objects
3.2.2.4.1. Optional oblique arguments
3.2.2.4.3. The oblique determiner tVa
3.2.3. Antipassive clauses
3.2.3.1. Transitivity marking
3.2.3.2. Pronominal verb agreement
3.2.3.3. Nominal case marking
4. Quantitative study of the topicality of agents and patients in semanti-cally-transitive clauses
4.1. Squamish texts
4.2. Clause types
4.3. Quantified methods of assessing topicality
4.3.1. Referential distance
4.3.2. Topic persistence
4.4. Hypothesis
5. Results
5.1. Overall text-frequency
5.2. Referential distance (RD)
5.3. Topic persistence
6. Discussion
6.1. Text frequency
6.2. Functional characteristics
6.3. Morpho-syntactic structure
6.4. Residual problems
NOTES
REFERENCES
De-transitive clauses in Bella Coola:Passive vs. Inverse
1. Introduction
1.1. A functional perspective on voice constructions
1.2. The functional definition of de-transitive voices
1.2.1. Passive vs. inverse
1.2.2. Active vs. antipassive
2. The grammar of voice constructions in Bella Coola
2.1. Person marking suffixes
2.2. Morphology of semantically-transitive verbs
2.2.1. Syntactically-transitive verb roots
2.2.1.1. Derived intransitive constructions
2.2.2. Derived transitive constructions
3. Methodology
3.1. Text
3.2. Clause selection
3.3. Text-based quantitative methodology
3.4. Pragmatic and semantic classification of referents
4. Results
4.1. Frequency text-distribution of voice constructions
4.2. The active-transitive -is vs. the de-transitive -im
4.2.1. Topicality measures
4.2.2. Distribution of referent-types
4.3. Antipassive constructions
5. Discussion
5.1. The pragmatic function of de-transitive (-im) clause
5.2. The function of -a and -m antipassives
NOTES
REFERENCES
APPENDIX: The diachronic development of the Bella Coola morphology
1. Pronominal suffixes
1.1. Third-person suffixes
1.2. Speech-act participant (SAP) suffixes
2. Verbal morphology
2.1. Transitivizing morphemes
2.2. De-transitivizing morphemes
The pragmatics of de-transitive voice in Spanish: From passive to inverse?
1. Introduction
2. The grammar of de-transitive clauses in Spanish
2.1. The be-marked passives
2.2. The se-marked constructions5
2.2.1. Semantic de-transitive se-marked clauses
2.2.1.1. Reflexive and reciprocal clauses
2.2.1.2. The se-marked middle-voice clause
2.2.2. The se-marked pragmatic de-transitive constructions
2.2.2.1. The se-marked promotional passive
2.2.2.2. The se-marked impersonal clause
3. Text-study methodology
3.1. Measures of topicality
3.2. Texts and clause-types
4. Results
4.2. Frequency of agent deletion
4.3. Anaphoric referential distance
4.4. Cataphoric topic persistence
5. Discussion
5.1. Overall distribution in text
5.2. Percent of expressed agents in de-transitive clauses
5.3. Topicality measures
NOTES
REFERENCES
Semantic and pragmatic inverse: 'Inverse alignment' and inverse voice' in Carib of Surinam
1. Introduction: different types of inverse1
1.1. Inverse alignment and inverse voice
1.2. The organization of this paper
2. The Carib inverse constructions
2.1. The SAP inverse alignment
2.2 The "prefixless verb" SAP inverse
2.3. The ambiguity of the 3A30 inverse
2.3.1. The 3A 30 alternants: n- versus the "prefixless verb
2.3.2. Morphosyntactic problems with a direct-inverse analysis for 3A 30
2.3.2.1. Linking the prefixless verb to inverse
2.3.2.2. On the idiosyncracy of the prefix n- '3A30'
3. The history of the Cariban inverse prefixes
3.1 The SAP inverse as a descendent of the "prefixless verb
3.2 On possible antecedent for n- '3A3O '
4. A functional diagnosis
4.1. The functional profile of inverse voice
4.2 The methodology for diagnosing inverse voice
4.2.1. Definition of referent
4.2.2 Definition of clause
4.2.3 Topicality measurements
4.3 Results
4.4 Functional competition: identifiability over voice
4.5 On the rise of a new inverse voice construction
5. The diachronic dimension of the Carib inverses
NOTES
REFERENCES
III. WORD-ORDER INVERSES
The pragmatics of Modern Greek voice: Active, inverse and passive
1. Introduction
1.1. Theoretical issues
1.2. The functional definition of voice
1.3. The inverse voice
1.4. Modern Greek
1.5. Hypothesis
2. Voice in Modern Greek
2.1. The active clause
2.2. The passive
2.2.1. Aspect
2.2.2. The perfective (aorist) passive
2.2.3. The imperfective-aspect passive
2.2.4. The perfect-aspect passive
2.2.4.1. The BE-passive
2.2.4.2. The HAVE-passive
2.3. The impersonal subject construction
2.4. The inverse construction
3. Quantitative text-based study
3.1. Texts
3.2. Quantified text-based methodology
3.2.1. Topic persistence (TP)
3.2.2. Referential distance (RD)
3.3. Results
3.3.1. Descriptive statistics
3.3.1.1. Frequency distribution of voice constructions
3.3.1.2. Cataphoric topic persistence
3.3.1.3. Anaphoric referential distance
3.3.1.4. Comparison of cataphoric and anaphoric measures
3.3.1.5. Agent deletion in the two de-transitive voices
3.4. Inferential statistics
3.4.1. Individual comparisons
3.4.1.1. Agents
3.4.1.2. Patients
3.4.2. Interactions
4. Discussion
4.1. Summary of findings
4.1.1. The inverse construction
4.1.2. Significance of the results
4.2. Some cross-linguistic comparisons
4.2.1. Structural properties
4.2.2. Functional properties
4.2.3. The inverse in intransitive clauses
4.3. The inverse as a pragmatic compromise
4.3.1. The pragmatic conflict
4.3.2. Structural and functional overlaps
NOTES
REFERENCES
The pragmatics of voice in Korean
1. Introduction
2. A grammar sketch of Korean
2.1. Case marking
2.2. Transitivity
2.2.1. General
2.2.2. The passive de-transitive marker -hi (-i/-li/-ki)
2.2.3. Lexical passives
2.2.4. Reflexive de-transitives with the suffix -ci
2.3. Word order
3. The grammar of de-transitive voice constructions
3.1. Active/direct clauses
3.2. The promotional (canonical) passive clause
3.3. Inverse clauses
3.3.1. osv inverse clauses with an accusative-marked object
3.3.2. ov inverse clauses with topic-marked object
3.4. The impersonal subject clause
3.5. Antipassiveclauses
4. Methodology
4.1. Topicality measures
4.2. Clause types
4.3. Text
5. Results
5.1. Overall text frequency of voice constructions
5.2. Topicality measures
5.2.1. Active/direct clauses
5.2.2. osv inverse clauses
5.2.3. Canonical passive clauses
6. Discussion
6.1. Overall comparison of topicality measures
6.2. Conclusions
NOTES
REFERENCES
Active, inverse and passive in Maasai
1. Introduction
2.Maasai morphosyntax
2.1. Constituent order and case marking
2.2. Person prefixes: direct vs. inverse
2.3 The i-construction
3. Methodology
4. Pragmatic functions of vos, vso and i -constructions
5. General order principle
6. The status of lexical NPS
NOTES
REFERENCES
The pragmatics of voice in a Philippine language: Actor-focus and goal-focus in Cebuano narrative
1. Introduction
2. The corpus
3. Definitions
3.1 Formal devices
3.2 Lexically transitive
4. The qualitative study: goal-focus and actor focus in non-perfective aspect
4.1 Grammatical determination of GF and AF forms
4.2 Semantic considerations in the choice of AF and GF forms
4.2.1 Future
4.2.2 Imperfective
4.2.3 Abilitative
4.2.4 Perfect
4.3 Pragmatic factors
5. The quantitative study: deployment of goal-focus and actor focus perfective aspect clauses in the corpus
5.1 Lexical transitivity
5.2 Constituent Order
5.3 Focus and foregrounding (main event line)
5.4 Scalar topicality
5.4.1 Goal-focus constructions
5.4.2 Actor-focus constructions
5.4.3 Summary
6. Examples
6.1 Goal-focus + AP as active-transitive
6.2 Goal-focus + AP as antipassive
6.3 Goal-focus + PA as functional inverse
6.4 Goal-focus + PA as passive
6.5 Actor-focus as active transitive
6.6 Actor-focus as antipassive
7. Conclusion
NOTES
REFERENCES
Voice and ergativity in Karao
1. Introduction
2. Morpho-syntax of Karao voice system
2.1. Voice system and basic verbal clauses
2.2. Clause types encoding semantically transitive verbs
2.2.1. Syntactically transitive construction
2.2.2. Syntactically de-transitive construction 1
2.2.3. Syntactically de-transitive construction 2
2.2.4. Left-dislocation construction
3. A functional definition of voice
4. A functional analysis of Karao voice
4.1. Frequency distribution of clause types encoding semantically transitive verbs in narrative text
4.2. Relative topicality of agent and patient
4.2.1. Preamble
4.2.2. Topicality measures
4.2.2.1. Referential distance
4.2.2.2. Topic persistence
4.3. Frequency distribution of non-referring, non-anaphoric agents and patients
4.4. Texts
4.5. Selection of verbs and clauses
5. Results
5.1. Frequency distribution of clause types encoding semantically transitive verbs in Karao narrative text
5.2. Relative topicality of agent and patient in Karao
5.2.1. Active-direct voice construction
5.2.2. Inverse voice construction
5.2.3. Left-disio cation construction
5.2.4. Antipassive voice construction
5.2.5. Passive voice construction
5.2.6. Summary of topicality measures
5.3. Frequency distribution of non-referring, non-anaphoric agents and patients in Karao
6. Conclusion
6.1. Summary of voice functions in Karao
6.2. Voice and ergativity
ABBREVIATIONS
NOTES
REFERENCES

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