Criterial Approach to the Cartography of V2
Selected Essays by Reyner Banham
1st Edition
Published on 5. December 2019
227 pages
978-90-272-6187-8 (ISBN)
Description
This volume provides a mechanism to uncover the extremely rich split-CP of V2 languages, in both root and embedded clauses, on the basis of theoretical arguments and empirical findings. The movement of the inflected verbal head is triggered to agree with the profiled informational value of the fronted XP. The V2 "e;constraint"e; shall thus be observed as a sum of micro-V2s, in which the inflected head creates Spec-Head configurations with the activated criterial positions in the relevant context. The "e;second linear"e; position of the verb results from the movement of the inflected verb to the highest activated criterial head. In other words, there is no "e;bottleneck effect"e;, but ordinary violations in terms of locality between fronted XPs. This monograph is aimed principally at postgraduate students and researchers interested in the description of natural languages adopting the guidelines of the Cartography of Syntactic Structures.
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A Criterial Approach to the Cartography of V2
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Content
- Intro
- A Criterial Approach to the Cartography of V2
- Editorial page
- Title page
- Copyright page
- Table of contents
- Acknowledgements
- Cartography and V2 languages
- 1.1 The cartography of syntactic structures
- 1.1.1 Brief history of cartography
- 1.1.2 Towards a cartographic map
- 1.1.3 Cartographic guidelines
- 1.1.3.1 Morphosyntactic features and functional heads
- 1.1.3.2 Criterial approach and transparency at the interfaces
- 1.1.3.3 Locality principles
- 1.2 The cartography of the CP: Evidence from Italian
- 1.2.1 Brief history of the fine structure of the Left Periphery (Rizzi 1997, 2001, 2004)
- 1.2.1 Complementizers
- 1.2.1.1 Force Phrase (ForceP)
- 1.2.1.2 IntP
- 1.2.1.3 Finitess Phrase (FinP)
- 1.2.1.4 Co-occurrence of complementizers
- 1.2.2 Landing sites for internally merged elements
- 1.2.2.1 Focus Phrase (FOCP)
- 1.2.2.2 Topic Phrase (TopP)
- 1.2.2.3 Digression of interest: Topic vs. Focus
- 1.2.2.4 Modifier Phrase (ModP)
- 1.2.2.5 Question embedded Phrase (QembP)
- 1.2.3 A cartography of cartographic positions
- 1.3 Verb second languages in generative grammar: An overview
- 1.3.1 A brief history of V2: Pre-cartographic analyses
- 1.3.2 Theoretical foundation of the recent analyses of V2 and a typology of V2
- 1.3.2.1 V2-to-Fin
- 1.3.2.2 V3 orders: Diagnostics for a typology
- 1.3.2.3 V2-to-Force
- 1.3.3 The theory-internal drawbacks of recent analyses
- 1.3.3.1 V-to-Fin drawbacks: Non criterial movement and cartography
- 1.3.3.2 V-to-Fin drawbacks: One feature, one head
- 1.3.3.3 V-to-Fin drawbacks: Locality and the 'bottleneck effect'
- 1.3.3.4 V-to-Fin drawbacks: Base-generations in TopicP and patterns of dependency
- 1.3.3.5 V-to-Force drawbacks: SpecForceP and criterial freezing
- 1.3.3.6 V-to-Force drawbacks: Transparency at the interfaces
- 1.3.3.7 V-to-Force drawbacks: The behaviour of scene setters
- 1.4 The quest for new landing sites for the verb in V2 environments
- A Criterial approach to V2 and its predictive power
- 2.1 The criterial approach to scope-discourse semantics
- 2.1.1 Focus adjacency and residual V2
- 2.1.2 Towards a peripheral criterion
- 2.2 V2 as the sum of residual V2s
- 2.2.1 Towards an ideal mechanism
- 2.2.2 Scrambling: No "bottleneck effect" in FinP but standard locality principles
- 2.2.2.1 On scrambling
- 2.2.2.2 Standard locality principles and V2
- 2.2.2.3 Scrambling in German root clauses and the features of the verb
- 2.2.3 Residual V2s in V2 languages
- 2.2.3.1 FocusV2
- 2.2.3.2 Topic*V2
- 2.2.3.3 ModV2
- 2.2.3.4 ForceV2
- 2.2.3.5 Int-V2
- 2.2.3.6 A sum(mary) of residual V2s: What about the subject?
- 2.3 On subject initial clauses
- 2.3.1 A subject criterion
- 2.3.2 Is a subject always a topic?
- 2.3.3 History of V2 and subject-initial clauses
- 2.3.4 Towards a typology of V2 languages in subject-initial clauses: Some evidence
- 2.3.3.1 Spec-Head configuration in SpecSubjP: Evidence from Swiss Romansh varieties and subject clitics
- 2.3.3.2 The verb remains in the IP: Icelandic V3 adverbs
- 2.3.3.3 Head trough SubjP, but the subject remains (targets) a lower position
- 2.3.3.4 A typology of Subject-initial clauses in V2 languages
- 2.4 Summing up: Towards a typology of criterial V2s?
- Micro-parametric variation in creating Spec-Head configurations: V3 orders involving temporal and locative items
- 3.1 Recent analyses and V3 orders
- 3.1.1 On FrameP: Scene setters, time and space
- 3.2 Asymmetries expected under a criterial approach
- 3.3 A qualitative analysis of V3 involving temporal and locative items
- 3.3.0 A qualitative analysis of V3: Materials, methods and results
- 3.3.1 Uncovering "Superficial" V3 orders in German
- 3.3.1.1 Temporal Adverb- Subject - Verb
- 3.3.1.2 Temporal Adverb - Subject - Verb
- 3.3.1.3 Temporal PP - Subject - Verb
- 3.3.1.4 Temporal PP- Subject - Verb
- 3.3.1.5 Locative Adverb - Subject - Verb
- 3.3.1.6 Locative Adverb - Subject - Verb
- 3.3.1.7 Locative PP - Subject - Verb
- 3.3.1.8 Locative PP - Subj - V3
- 3.3.1.9 On German "Superficial" V3: Conclusion
- 3.3.2 On Non-German V3
- 3.3.2.1 Temporal Adverb- Subject - Verb
- 3.3.2.2 Temporal PP - Subject - Verb
- 3.3.2.3 Temporal CP - Subject - Verb
- 3.3.2.4 Locative Adverb - Subject - Verb
- 3.3.2.5 Locative PP - Subject - Verb
- 3.3.2.6 Temporal/Locative ADV/PP/ - Subject - Verb
- 3.3.2.7 Temporal CP - Subject - Verb
- 3.3.3 Criterial V2 and V3 orders with temporal and locative items
- 3.4 Confirming the predictions: Two control groups
- Micro-parametric variation in creating Spec-Head configurations: A qualitative analysis of V3 involving internally merged items
- 4.0 The quest for V3 involving internally merged elements: Theoretical background
- 4.0.1 Subjects
- 4.0.2 Adverb
- 4.0.3 Wh
- 4.0.4 LP
- 4.1 A qualitative analysis of V3 involving internally merged items
- 4.1.1 Subject - Adverb - V3
- 4.1.1.1 Superficial V3 orders: Subject - High Adverb - Inflected Lexical Verb
- 4.1.1.2 Superficial V3 orders: Subject - Focusing adverb - Inflected lexical verb
- 4.1.2 Subject - Wh - V3
- 4.1.3 Subject - LP - V3
- 4.1.4 Adverb - Subject - V3
- 4.1.4.1 Higher Adverb - SubjectDP-V3
- 4.1.4.2 Higher Adverb - SubjPro - V3
- 4.1.5 Adverb - Wh - V3
- 4.1.6 Adverb - Adverb - V3
- 4.1.7 Adverb - LP - V3
- 4.1.7.1 MannerADV - Object - V3
- 4.1.7.2 MannerADV - Locative - V3
- 4.1.7.3 TpADV - Oblique (Instrumental) - V3
- 4.1.8 Wh - Subj - V3
- 4.1.8.1 Wh-items - Subj - V3
- 4.1.8.2 Why - Subj - V3
- 4.1.9 Wh - Adverb - V3
- 4.1.10 Wh - LP - V3
- 4.1.11 LP - Subj - V3
- 4.1.11.1 LPArgumentDP - SubjDP
- 4.1.11.2 LPInstrumentalDP - SubjExpl - V3
- 4.1.11.3 LPInstrumentalDP - SubjDP - V3
- 4.1.13 LP - adverb - V3
- 4.1.13.1 Object - FocusAdverb - Lexical Verb
- 4.1.12 LP - LP - V3
- 4.1.14 LP - Wh - V3
- 4.2 V3 with internally merged items: Summary, conclusions and speculations
- Higher than ForceP: V3 Orders in multiple-clause structures
- 5.1 V3 involving the Deixis Layer and peripheral CPs
- 5.1 On Deixis Layer: Speech-act referring adverbs/speaker-oriented adverbs and peripheral CPs
- 5.1.1 SpeAct: Speaker Oriented and/or speech act referring adverbs
- 5.1.1.1 Speech-Act/Speaker Oriented Adv (SpeAdv) - Subj - V3
- 5.1.1.2 Speech-Act/Speaker Oriented Adv (SpeAdv) - Subj - V3
- 5.1.2 Peripheral CPs
- 5.1.2.1 PeripheralCP - Subj - V3
- 5.1.2.2 PeripheralCP - Subj - V3
- 5.1.2.3 Digression of interest: Parenthetical clauses
- 5.2 "The case" of hanging topic
- 5.2.1 Internal argument moved to the LP
- 5.2.1.1 Topic/Focus in the LP
- 5.2.1.2 BigDP
- 5.2.2 Hanging Topics
- 5.2.3 The curious case of the Hanging Topic with case marking?
- 5.2.3.1 HT, CHT and typology of Topics
- 5.2.3.2 Digression of interest: On Ellipsis
- 5.2.3.3 Excluding ellipsis within a conjoined identical CP
- 5.2.3.4 Towards a higher layer
- 5.2.4 The case of reconstructed CHT
- 5.3 Summing up: Root clauses do not challenge a criterial approach to V2
- Criterial V2 and microvariation in embedded contexts
- 6.1 V2 languages and embedded contexts: An overview
- 6.2 The nature of complementizers
- 6.2.1 Leu's (2015, 2017) proposal for 'dass' 'that' from Fin° to Force°
- 6.2.2 Do subordinators come from the IP?
- 6.2.3 The complementizer 'dass' and Cardinaletti (2004)'s Cartography of subjects
- 6.2.3.1 '-e' in 'dasse': Subj°
- 6.2.3.2 '-ass' in 'dasse': EPP°
- 6.2.3.3 '-d' in 'dasse': AgrS°
- 6.2.3.4 Summing up: Subordinators come from the IP
- 6.2.3.5 Intermediate stages
- 6.3 On the lack of V2 in embedded clauses and criterial V2
- 6.3.1 Crosslinguistc variation: German vs. SR varieties
- 6.3.2 'Ke' type and 'az' type (Grewendorf & Poletto 2012)
- 6.3.3 Two 'weil' in German
- 6.3.3.1 Content reading
- 6.3.3.2 Speech-Act reading and 'weil'
- 6.3.3.3 Epistemic (deductive) and 'weil'
- 6.4 V2 and embedded clauses: Summing up
- Recap and conclusions: A criterial model to V2
- References
- Language index
- Name index
- Subject index
