
Model-Based Engineering of Embedded Real-Time Systems
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Content
- Intro
- Title
- Preface
- Table of Contents
- Part I: Foundation
- 1 Models of Reactive Systems Communication, Concurrency, and Causality
- Models and Abstraction
- Approach
- Overview
- Terminology
- Communication
- Concurrency
- Causality
- Models and Aspects
- Methodical Combination
- Conclusion and Summary
- References
- 2 Model-Based Integration
- Introduction
- Integration
- Terminology
- Classification of Integration Problems
- Fundamental Integration Techniques
- State-of-the-Art Approach
- Function Development
- Function Integration
- Discussion
- Advanced Model-Based Solutions
- AUTOSAR
- MECHATRONIC UML
- Other Approaches
- Summary
- References
- Part II: Language Engineering
- 3 Metamodelling State of the Art and Research Challenges
- Metamodelling: State of the Art
- Concepts in Metamodelling
- Meta Object Facility (MOF)
- Essential MOF (EMOF)
- Eclipse Modelling Framework (EMF)
- Metamodelling of Languages
- Textual Metamodelling
- Concrete and Abstract Syntax
- Type System
- Merging of Metamodels
- Metamodelling: Research Challenges
- Semantic Attachment
- Inference between Metamodels
- Evolution of Models Driven by Metamodel Evolution
- Conclusions
- References
- 4 Semantics of UML Models for Dynamic Behavior
- Introduction
- Characterization of Scope, Main Notions, and Criteria for Evaluation
- Main Categories of Semantics
- Sequence Diagrams and Similar Notations
- Denotational Semantics
- Denotational Semantics with Time
- Denotational Semantics with Probabilities
- Operational Semantics
- Operational Semantics with Time
- Operational Semantics with Probabilities
- State Machines and Similar Notations
- Denotational Semantics
- Denotational Semantics with Time
- Denotational Semantics with Probabilities
- Operational Semantics
- Operational Semantics with Time
- Operational Semantics with Probabilities
- Evaluation and Comparison
- Summary and Conclusions
- References
- Part III: Modeling
- 5 Modeling and Simulation of TDL Applications
- Introduction
- The Timing Definition Language
- TDL Description
- TDL Extensions for Control Applications
- Simulation of TDL Models
- TDL Simulation in Simulink
- Using Ptolemy II
- Related Work
- Conclusions
- References
- 6 Modeling Languages for Real-Time and Embedded Systems
- Introduction
- Two Main Architectural Styles for Dealing with Abstraction
- Modeling Needs for Real-Time and Embedded Systems Design
- Layering and Needs for RTES
- Slicing and Needs for RTES
- MARTE, a Standard Real-Time and Embedded Modeling Language
- UML Profiling Capabilities
- MARTE Basics
- Architecture and Some Details of MARTE
- An Extract of the MARTE Specification
- Typical MARTE Usage Scenarios
- Related Work
- Conclusions and Perspectives
- References
- 7 Requirements Modeling for Embedded Realtime Systems
- Introduction and Overview
- What's in a Requirement?
- Why Requirements Engineering for ERS Is Hard
- Summary and Outline
- Requirements Specifications and Modeling for ERS
- Requirements Models
- Programming Models
- Requirements Engineering Approaches: Processes and Practices
- Requirements Development and Management
- Example: Failure Management in Automotive Software
- Central Locking System (CLS)
- Modeling the CLS Requirements
- Discussion
- Summary and Outlook
- References
- 8 UML for Software Safety and Certification
- Introduction
- Development of Certifiable Software
- Safety-Related Extensions of UML
- The UML Profile for Developing Airworthiness-Compliant (RTCA DO-178B) Safety-Critical Software
- rtUML and the OMEGA-RT Profile
- Restricting UML for Specification and Programming in a Certification Context
- The UML Profile for Modeling and Analysis of Real-Time Embedded Systems (MARTE)
- The Railway Control System Domain Profile (RCSD)
- Using UML in Certification-Oriented Processes
- Questions to Be Addressed by a Certification-Oriented Process
- Purpose and Scope of the Proposed Process
- Terms and Definitions
- Phases and Sub-processes
- The Use of UML in the Process
- Realization
- Verification and Validation Techniques
- General Remarks on Verification and Validation Techniques in Model-Based Development of Certifiable Software
- Testing
- (Formal) Verification
- Tool Support
- Conclusion
- References
- Part IV: Model Analysis
- 9 Model Evolution and Management
- Why Models Evolve and Need to Be Managed?
- Introduction
- Model Management
- Model Evolution
- Chapter Outline
- Model Management
- Model Quality and Modeling Standards
- Model Transformation
- Model Versioning and Model Merging
- Evolution
- Evolutionary Model Development
- Automating Evolutionary Transformations
- Semantics of Evolution
- Modelling Language Evolution
- Syntactic Model Evolution
- Semantic Model Evolution
- Techniques for Automated Model Evolution
- Step-By-Step Model Evolution
- References
- 10 Model-Based Analysis and Development of Dependable Systems
- Introduction
- An Overview on Dependability
- A Generic Model of Fault-Tolerant Systems
- System Operation without Faults
- Faults
- Fault-Tolerance Mechanism
- Summary: Modeling of Dependable Systems
- Reliability and Safety Analysis
- The FMECA Method
- The Fault Tree Analysis Method
- Markov Analysis
- Testing and Model-Based Testing
- Summary: Reliability and Safety Analysis
- Languages and Tool Support
- Models
- Implementations
- Summary: Language and Tool Support
- Conclusion and Research Challenges
- References
- Part V: Approaches
- 11 The EAST-ADL Architecture Description Language for Automotive Embedded Software
- Introduction
- Modeling and Analysis Capabilities of the EAST-ADL2
- A Small Case Study
- Vehicle Features: Vehicle Level
- Abstract Functional Description: Analysis Level
- Concrete Functional Description: Design Level
- Software Architecture: Implementation Level
- Related Work, Conclusions and Further Work
- References
- 12 Fujaba4Eclipse Real-Time Tool Suite
- Introduction
- Features
- Case Study: RailCab
- Conclusions and Future Work
- References
- 13 AutoFocus 3 - A Scientific Tool Prototype for Model-Based Development of Component-Based, Reactive, Distributed Systems
- Introduction
- Capabilities of AutoFocus 3
- Logical Architecture
- Technical Architecture
- Conclusion
- References
- 14 MATE - A Model Analysis and Transformation Environment for MATLAB Simulink
- Introduction
- Approach
- Application
- Conclusion
- References
- 15 Benefits of System Simulation for Automotive Applications
- System Models
- State of the Art and AUTOSAR
- System Simulation
- Applications of System Simulation
- Specification Verification
- Software Component Tests
- ECU Tests
- Virtual Integration
- Summary
- References
- 16 Development of Tool Extensions with MOFLON
- Introduction
- History and Overview of Features
- MOF Editor and Code Generation for MOF Models
- Additional Frontends
- Model Transformations
- Triple Graph Grammar Editor
- Usage Scenarios
- Tool Adapters
- Model Analysis and Repair
- Integration Framework
- Conclusions and Future Work
- References
- 17 Towards Model-Based Engineering of Self-configuring Embedded Systems
- Introduction
- Capabilities
- Case Study
- Architecture Modelling with UML
- Verification and Validation through Analysis
- Run-Time Models
- Conclusions and Future Work
- References
- 18 Representation of Automotive Software Description Means in ASCET
- Introduction
- Overview of Design Means for Automotive Software Design
- Description Means for Control Engineering
- Description Means for Software Engineering
- Integration of the Design Approaches in ASCET
- Classes
- Modules
- Model-Types
- Tasks
- Implementations: Integer Arithmetic and Memory Section
- Codegeneration Approach
- Conclusion
- References
- 19 Papyrus: A UML2 Tool for Domain-Specific Language Modeling
- Introduction
- Capabilities
- Overview
- Global Architecture and Design Tenets
- UML2 Graphical Modeling Capabilities
- Building DSL Tools Profiling the UML2
- Case Study
- Conclusions and Future Work
- Reference
- 20 The Model-Integrated Computing Tool Suite
- Introduction
- Components of the MIC Tool Suite
- The Generic Modeling Environment (GME)
- Transforming the Models: UDM and GReAT
- Integrating Design Tools: The Open Tool Integration Framework
- Design Space Exploration
- Application Example: Vehicle Control Platform
- Conclusion
- References
- 21 Application of Quality Standards to Multiple Artifacts with a Universal Compliance Solution
- Introduction
- Idea: Meta-modeling for Constraint Definition
- Approach: Universal Compliance Achievement
- Case Studies: Compliance with Modeling Standards
- Conclusion
- References
- Author Index
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