
Particle Breakage
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Content
- Cover
- Contents
- Contributors
- Foreword
- Part I: Fundamental
- Chapter 1. Breakage of Single Particles: Quasi-Static
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Single-Particle Impact Testing
- 3. Drop Weight Testing
- 4. Pendulum Testing
- 5. Compression Testing
- 6. Hopkinson Pressure Bar and Impact Load Cell
- 7. Particle Breakage Characteristics
- 8. Influence of Selected Variables on Particle Breakage Characteristics
- 9. Application to Comminution
- Acknowledgements
- Appendix: Definition of terms
- References
- Chapter 2. Impact Breakage of Single Particles: Double Impact Test
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Background and Literature Review
- 3. Double Impact Tests
- 4. Key Issues
- 5. Summaries of Recent Development
- 6. Forward Look
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Chapter 3. Particle Breakage due to Bulk Shear
- 1. Breakage in the Bulk
- 2. Testing Methods
- 3. Understanding and Application
- 4. Subject Development
- 5. Recent Work
- 6. What Next?
- References
- Chapter 4. The Principles of Single-Particle Crushing
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Terminology
- 3. Definition
- 4. Concepts of Investigation
- 5. Crusher as a System
- 6. Crushing Parameters
- 7. Applications
- Acknowledgements
- References
- Part II: Milling
- Chapter 5. Rotor Impact Mills
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Model of the Milling Process in Rotor Impact Mills
- 3. Control of Fineness
- 4. Scale-Up
- 5. Designs
- References
- Chapter 6. Wet Grinding in Stirred Media Mills
- 1. Introduction: Design and Principal Operation of Stirred Media Mills
- 2. Fundamental Considerations
- 3. Influence of Important Operating Parameters on the Grinding and Dispersing Result
- 4. Transport Behaviour and Operation Mode
- 5. Operation of Stirred Media Mills
- 6. Scale-Up
- References
- Chapter 7. Roller Milling of Wheat
- 1. Introduction
- 2. The Structure of the Wheat Kernel
- 3. The International Development of Modern Flour Milling
- 4. Roller Milling of Wheat Kernels
- 5. Key Issues in Milling of Wheat
- 6. Breakage of Wheat Kernels During First Break Roller Milling
- 7. Pearling of Wheat Prior to Milling
- 8. Conclusions
- Acknowledgements
- References
- Chapter 8. Air Jet Milling
- 1. Introduction
- 2. The Different Types of Air Jet Mill
- 3. Modelling
- 4. Examples of Application
- References
- Chapter 9. Breakage and Morphological Parameters Determined by Laboratory Tests
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Operation of Ball Mills
- 3. Morphological Parameters of Minerals Ground by Different Mills
- 4. Summary
- 5. Concluding Remarks
- References
- Chapter 10. Selection of Fine Grinding Mills
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Classification of Fine Grinding Mills
- 3. Features and Selections of Fine Grinding Mills
- 4. Selection After the Particle Size of Feed and Product
- 5. Selection After the Feed Properties
- 6. Fine Grinding Operation and Mill Selection
- 7. Applications of Fine Grinding Mills to Particle Modification
- 8. Conclusions
- References
- Chapter 11. Fine Grinding of Materials in Dry Systems and Mechanochemistry
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Fine Grinding Mills
- 3. Rate Process of Grinding Phenomena
- 4. Simulation of Media Motion During Milling
- 5. Mechanochemistry and Nano-Particles Formation by Dry Grinding
- References
- Chapter 12. Comminution Energy and Evaluation in Fine Grinding
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Laws of Comminution Energy
- 3. Crushing of Single Particles
- 4. Crushing Resistance and Grindability
- 5. Ball Mill Grinding
- References
- Chapter 13. Enabling Nanomilling through Control of Particulate Interfaces
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Particle Interactions in Suspensions
- 3. Stabilization of Particles Against Aggregation
- 4. Influence of Particle Interactions on Suspension Rheology in Stirred Media Mills
- 5. Experiments in Nanomilling
- 6. Mechano-Chemical Effects During Nanomilling
- 7. Summary
- References
- Chapter 14. Analysis of Milling and the Role of Feed Properties
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Energy Laws Revisited
- 3. Evaluation of Milling Rate
- 4. Population Balance Models
- 5. Role of Feed Properties and Definition of Dimensionless Groups Describing the Breakage Propensity
- 6. Analysis of Milling Rate Based on the Input Power and Material Properties
- 7. Conclusions
- References
- Part III: Modelling
- Chapter 15. Monte Carlo Method for the Analysis of Particle Breakage
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Particle Breakage and Grinding
- 3. Monte Carlo Method
- 4. Monte Carlo Approach to Batch Grinding
- 5. Numerical Results and Discussion
- 6. Summary
- References
- Chapter 16. Numerical Investigation of Particle Breakage as Applied to Mechanical Crushing
- 1. Particle Breakage Modelling
- 2. Realistic Failure Process Analysis (RFPA) Code and Verification
- 3. Particle Breakage Under Static Loading
- 4. Particle Breakage Under Dynamic Loading
- 5. Single-Particle Breakage Under Various Loading Conditions
- 6. Inter-Particle Breakage
- 7. Summary
- Acknowledgements
- References
- Chapter 17. The Cohesion of Fractal Agglomerates: An Elementary Numerical Model
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Universality of the Fractal Structures
- 3. The Cohesion Concept
- 4. Background and Literature Review
- 5. The Cohesion of Fractal Agglomerates: An Elementary Model
- 6. Forward Look
- 7. Conclusion
- Acknowledgements
- References
- Chapter 18. The Linear Breakage Equation: From Fundamental Issues to Numerical Solution Techniques
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Problem Formulation
- 3. Iterative and Analytical Solutions of the Breakage Equation
- 4. Self-Similar Solutions of the Breakage Equation
- 5. Special Cases of Breakage
- 6. Methods of Moments
- 7. Sectional Methods
- 8. Current and Future Research Topics on Breakage Equation
- References
- Chapter 19. Analysis of Agglomerate Breakage
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Models of Agglomerate Strength and Failure
- 3. Distinct Element Method
- 4. Agglomerate Behaviour in a Bed of Particles Subjected to Shearing
- References
- Chapter 20. Modelling of Mills and Milling Circuits
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Examples of Milling Circuits
- 3. Modelling Levels for Milling Circuits
- 4. Determination of Model Parameters
- 5. Flowsheeting for Solid Processes
- 6. Discussion of the Main Influencing Parameters
- References
- Part IV: Applications
- Chapter 21. Particle Strength in an Industrial Environment
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Particle Breakage and Wear
- 3. Simulating Particle Strength by Numerical Modelling
- 4. Fatigue by Repeated Loading
- 5. Fundamental Multiple Granule Breakage Tests
- 6. Experimental Studies on Multi Particle Breakage
- 7. Relation Between Single- And Multi-Particle
- References
- Chapter 22. The strength of pharmaceutical tablets
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Tablet Compaction
- 3. Measurement of Tablet Strength
- 4. Effect of Process Parameters on Tablet Strength
- 5. Compaction Simulators and Intelligent Industrialisation
- 6. The Effect of Tablet Structure on Strength
- 7. Summary and Conclusions
- References
- Chapter 23. Crystal Growth and Dissolution with Breakage: Distribution Kinetics Modelling
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Experimental Background
- 3. Distribution Kinetics
- 4. Results and Discussion
- 5. Conclusions
- References
- Chapter 24. Liberation of Valuables Embedded in Particle Compounds and Solid Waste
- 1. Amount of Particle Compounds and Solid Waste
- 2. Waste Comminution in the Recycling Industry
- 3. Classification of Waste Into Brittle, Rubber-Elastic and Ductile
- 4. Crushing of Solid Waste and Particle Compounds
- 5. Simulation of Breakage and Liberation of Particle Compounds Using the Discrete Element Method
- 6. Conclusions
- References
- Chapter 25. Attrition in Fluidised Beds
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Process-Dependent Attrition
- 3. Main Hydrodynamic Effects
- 4. Attrition in wet Systems
- 5. Attrition in Reacting Systems
- 6. Standard Tests and Characterisations
- 7. Conclusions
- Acknowledgements
- References
- Chapter 26. A Mechanistic Description of Granule Deformation and Breakage
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Origin of Granule Strength
- 3. Macroscopic Granule Strength
- 4. Practical Considerations
- 5. Concluding Remarks
- References
- Chapter 27. Descriptive Classification: Failure Modes of Particles by Compression
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Experimental Setup
- 3. Results
- 4. Summary
- References
- Chapter 28. A New Concept for Addressing Bulk Solids Attrition in Pneumatic Conveying
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Fundamentals
- 3. A New Concept for Addressing Attrition in Pneumatic Conveying
- 4. Determination of the Process Function
- 5. Determination of the Material Function
- 6. Bridging the Gap Between Academic Research and Industrial Needs
- 7. Summary
- References
- Subject Index
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