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Operating Systems [op]
An Introduction
Published on 22. February 2017
290 pages
978-1-942270-40-9 (ISBN)
Description
Designed as a "e;teach-yourself"e; text, the book provides a step-by-step approach to clarify all of the key concepts, architectures, and components of operating systems. The book covers all of the topics from the basics to the latest mobile devices, and features key operating systems e.g., Android, iOS, Linux, and Windows 10. This book would be very useful not only as an introductory text for undergraduate students of computer science, but also for those professionals who need to review modern operating systems. Features:* A chapter on the latest mobile operating systems, e.g., Android, iOS, and Windows* Covers basic concepts such as architecture, CPU scheduling, memory management, file systems, I/O, and more* Features a separate chapter on Windows 10 including shortcut keys, system tabs for settings, and security* Additional chapter on the Linux operating system with detailed explanation of its architecture, components, main features, and also Red Hat Linux* Designed as a teach-yourself text with integrated "e;self-quizzes"e; and end of chapter exercises to reinforce concepts.
More details
Language
English
Place of publication
Bloomfield
United States
File size
7,01 MB
ISBN-13
978-1-942270-40-9 (9781942270409)
Copyright in bibliographic data and cover images is held by Nielsen Book Services Limited or by the publishers or by their respective licensors: all rights reserved.
Schweitzer Classification
Content
- COVER
- LICENSE, DISCLAIMER OF LIABILITY, AND LIMITED WARRANTY
- TITLE PAGE
- COPYRIGHT ©
- CONTENTS
- 1 OPERATING SYSTEMS: OVERVIEW
- INTRODUCTION
- CONCEPT OF OPERATING SYSTEM
- GOALS OF AN OPERATING SYSTEM
- INTERFACE OF OPERATING SYSTEMS
- Character User Interface (CUI)
- Graphical User Interface (GUI)
- STEPS OF A BOOTING PROCESS
- OPERATING SYSTEM AND ITS FUNCTIONS
- CLASSIFICATION OF AN OPERATING SYSTEM
- Single User System
- Batch Operating System
- Interactive System
- Multiprogrammed System
- Time Sharing System
- Real Time System
- Multiprocessor System
- Multiuser System
- Distributed Operating System
- Advantages of Distributed Systems
- Network Operating System
- SUMMARY
- POINTS TO REMEMBER
- REVIEW QUESTIONS
- 2 OPERATING SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE
- INTRODUCTION
- ARCHITECTURE
- Simple or Monolithic Architecture
- Layered Architecture
- Micro-kernel Architecture
- OPERATING SYSTEM COMPONENTS
- Operating System Services
- SYSTEM PROGRAM
- SYSTEM CALL
- SUMMARY
- POINTS TO REMEMBER
- REVIEW QUESTIONS
- 3 PROCESS OVERVIEW
- INTRODUCTION
- THE MEANING OF PROCESS
- State of the Process
- Process Transition
- PROCESS CONTROL BLOCK
- SCHEDULING QUEUES
- PROCESS SCHEDULERS
- Purpose of the Schedulers
- SUMMARY
- POINTS TO REMEMBER
- REVIEW QUESTIONS
- 4 THREADS
- INTRODUCTION
- MOTIVATION BEHIND THE CONCEPT OF THREAD
- WHY IS MULTITHREADING USED?
- IMPLEMENTATION OF THREADS
- Kernel-Level Thread
- User-Level Thread
- Hybrid Thread
- SUMMARY
- POINTS TO REMEMBER
- REVIEW QUESTIONS
- 5 CPU SCHEDULING
- INTRODUCTION
- WHAT IS CPU SCHEDULING?
- SCHEDULING CRITERIA
- TYPES OF SCHEDULING
- Preemptive Scheduling
- Non-preemptive Scheduling
- SCHEDULING ALGORITHMS
- Scheduling
- First Come First Served
- Shortest-Job-First (SJF) Scheduling
- Priority Scheduling
- Round Robin (RR) Scheduling
- SOME OTHER SCHEDULING ALGORITHMS
- The Multilevel Queue Scheduling Algorithm
- Multilevel Feedback Queue Scheduling
- MULTIPROCESSOR SCHEDULING
- REAL-TIME SCHEDULING
- SUMMARY
- POINTS TO REMEMBER
- REVIEW QUESTIONS
- 6 PROCESS SYNCHRONIZATION
- INTRODUCTION
- INTER-PROCESS COMMUNICATION
- Shared Memory Systems
- Message-Passing Systems
- PROCESS SYNCHRONIZATION
- THE CRITICAL-SECTION PROBLEM
- PETERSONÕS SOLUTION
- DEKKERÕS ALGORITHM
- SYNCHRONIZATION HARDWARE
- SEMAPHORES
- Usage of Semaphores
- Implementation
- Deadlocks and Starvation
- CLASSIC PROBLEMS OF SYNCHRONIZATION
- The Bounded-Buffer Problem
- The Dining-Philosophers Problem
- The Sleeping Barber Problem
- SUMMARY
- POINTS TO REMEMBER
- REVIEW QUESTIONS
- 7 DEADLOCKS
- INTRODUCTION
- DEADLOCK CHARACTERIZATION
- RESOURCE ALLOCATION GRAPH
- Purpose of a Resource Allocation Graph
- Examples of Some Resource Allocation Graphs
- METHODS FOR HANDLING DEADLOCKS
- DEADLOCK PREVENTION
- DEADLOCK AVOIDANCE
- Systems Having a Single Instance of Resources
- Systems Having Multiple Instances of Resources
- DEADLOCK DETECTION
- Systems Having a Single Instance of Resources
- Systems Having Multiple Instances of Resources
- Detection-Algorithm Usage
- RECOVERY FROM DEADLOCK
- Process Termination
- Resource Preemption
- SUMMARY
- POINTS TO REMEMBER
- REVIEW QUESTIONS
- 8 MAIN MEMORY MANAGEMENT
- INTRODUCTION
- MAIN MEMORY
- Physical Address Space
- Logical Address Space
- Mapping from the Logical Address to the Physical Address
- OVERLAYS
- SWAPPING
- FIXED PARTITION MEMORY MANAGEMENT
- Process Allocation in Partitions
- Limitations of Fixed Partitions
- VARIABLE PARTITION MEMORY MANAGEMENT
- Fragmentation in Detail
- Compaction
- Process Allocation in Partitions
- Limitations of Variable Partitions
- PAGING
- Mapping of Pages to Frames
- Page Table
- Advantages of Paging
- Limitations of Paging
- SEGMENTATION
- Implementation of Segmentation Hardware
- Accessing Addresses in Segmentation
- Advantages of Segmentation
- Limitations of Segmentation
- SEGMENTED PAGING
- Address Translation in Segmented Paging
- Example of Segmented Paging
- Advantages of Segmented Paging
- PROTECTION SCHEMES
- Protection in Paging
- COMPARISON BETWEEN PAGING AND SEGMENTATION
- SUMMARY
- POINTS TO REMEMBER
- REVIEW QUESTIONS
- 9 VIRTUAL MEMORY
- INTRODUCTION
- METHODS TO IMPLEMENT VIRTUAL MEMORY
- DEMAND PAGING
- Page Fault
- Steps to Handle Page Faults
- Performance of Demand Paging
- Advantages of Demand Paging
- PAGE REPLACEMENT
- PAGE REPLACEMENT ALGORITHMS
- First In First Out Algorithm (FIFO)
- Optimal Page Replacement
- Least Recently Used Algorithm
- Second Chance Algorithm
- Enhanced Second Chance Algorithm
- Counting-Based Algorithms
- ALLOCATION OF FRAMES
- Fixed Allocation
- Priority Allocation
- Global vs. Local Replacement
- THRASHING
- METHODS TO PREVENT THRASHING
- By Controlling the Load on the System
- Proper Selection of a Page Replacement Policy
- Working Set Strategy
- The Concept of Pre-Paging
- Page Fault Frequency
- DEMAND SEGMENTATION
- SUMMARY
- POINTS TO REMEMBER
- REVIEW QUESTIONS
- 10 FILE SYSTEMS
- INTRODUCTION
- CONCEPT OF FILE
- ACCESS METHODS
- Sequential Access
- Direct Access
- Other Access Methods
- DIRECTORY STRUCTURE
- Single-Level Directory
- Two-Level Directory
- Tree-Structured Directories
- Acyclic-Graph Directories
- General Graph Directory
- FILE-SYSTEM STRUCTURE
- ALLOCATION METHODS
- Contiguous Allocation
- Linked Allocation
- Indexed Allocation
- FREE-SPACE MANAGEMENT
- Bit Vector
- Linked List
- Grouping
- Counting
- PROTECTION
- Types of Access
- Access Control
- Other Protection Approaches
- CASE STUDIES FAT32 File System
- New Technology File System (NTFS)
- EXT2/EXT3/EXT4 File Systems of Linux
- SUMMARY
- POINTS TO REMEMBER
- REVIEW QUESTIONS
- 11 I/O SYSTEMS
- INTRODUCTION
- OVERVIEW
- I/O HARDWARE
- Polling
- Interrupts
- Direct Memory Access
- APPLICATION OF I/O INTERFACE
- Block and Character Devices
- Network Devices
- Clocks and Timers
- Blocking and Non-Blocking I/O
- KERNEL I/O SUBSYSTEM I/O Scheduling
- Buffering
- Caching
- Spooling and Device Reservation
- Error Handling
- I/O Protection
- SUMMARY
- POINTS TO REMEMBER
- REVIEW QUESTIONS
- 12 DISK MANAGEMENT
- INTRODUCTION
- STRUCTURE OF THE DISK
- DISK SCHEDULING
- First Come First Serve (FCFS) Scheduling
- Shortest Seek Time First (SSTF) Scheduling
- SCAN Scheduling
- C-SCAN Scheduling
- LOOK Scheduling
- C-LOOK Scheduling
- SECONDARY STORAGE MANAGEMENT Formatting of the Disk
- Booting from the Disk
- Management of Bad Blocks
- SWAP-SPACE MANAGEMENT
- What Is Swap-Space?
- Location of Swap-Space
- Example of Swap-Space Management
- RAID
- Levels of RAID
- SUMMARY
- POINTS TO REMEMBER
- REVIEW QUESTIONS
- 13 CHARACTERIZATION OF A DISTRIBUTED SYSTEM
- INTRODUCTION
- CONSEQUENCES OF A DISTRIBUTED SYSTEM
- CENTRALIZED SYSTEM VERSUS DISTRIBUTED SYSTEM
- PARALLEL SYSTEMS VERSUS DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS
- RESOURCE SHARING AND THE WEB
- DESIGN ISSUES OF A DISTRIBUTED OPERATING SYSTEM
- EXAMPLES OF A DISTRIBUTED OPERATING SYSTEM
- Internet
- Intranet
- Mobile and Ubiquitous Computing
- ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF A DISTRIBUTED SYSTEM
- KEY TERMS
- SUMMARY
- POINTS TO REMEMBER
- REVIEW QUESTIONS
- 14 LINUX
- INTRODUCTION
- WHAT IS LINUX?
- HISTORY OF LINUX
- COMPONENTS OF THE LINUX OPERATING SYSTEM
- ARCHITECTURE OF THE LINUX OPERATING SYSTEM
- LINUX KERNEL SERVICES
- MAIN SYSTEM CALLS OF LINUX
- File Related System Calls
- Process-Related System Calls
- Scheduling Related System Calls
- sched_rr_get_interval
- Interprocess Communication (IPC) Related System Calls
- Socket (Networking) Related System Calls
- Miscellaneous System Calls
- MAIN FEATURES OF THE LINUX OPERATING SYSTEM
- AREA OF USE OF LINUX OPERATING SYSTEM
- DIFFERENCES BETWEEN LINUX AND UNIX OPERATING SYSTEMS
- THE FUTURE OF LINUX
- RED HAT LINUX
- VERSIONS OF RED HAT LINUX
- MISCELLANEOUS POINTS REGARDING LINUX Linux Environment
- Linux Distribution
- Linux Community
- Linux Development
- SUMMARY
- POINTS TO REMEMBER
- REVIEW QUESTIONS
- REFERENCES
- 15 MOBILE OPERATING SYSTEMS
- INTRODUCTION
- ANDROID OPERATING SYSTEM
- Various Versions of Android
- Architecture of the Android Operating System
- Features of the Android Operating System
- IOS
- Various Versions of iOS
- Architecture of iOS
- WINDOWS 8
- Various Versions of the Windows Operating System
- Architecture of the Windows Operating System
- SUMMARY
- POINTS TO REMEMBER
- REVIEW QUESTIONS
- 16 WINDOWS 10
- INTRODUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT
- First release
- Development
- Announcements
- Release
- Free upgrade offer
- Licensing and Upgrades
- System requirements to install Windows 10
- Features
- User interface and desktop
- WINDOWS 10 SETTINGS MENU
- Features
- Start
- TABS IN THE NEW SETTINGS MENU:
- THE START MENU
- WINDOWS 10 ENTERPRISE VERSION:
- WEB BROWSERS
- MULTIMEDIA AND GAMING
- SHORTCUT KEYS
- DIRECTX 12
- FEATURES REMOVED IN WINDOWS 10
- VIRTUAL DESKTOPS
- WINDOWS SNAP
- Action Center
- SYSTEM AND SECURITY
- Windows Hello and Windows Passport
- MICROSOFT EDGE: A NEW BROWSER
- PHOTO APPS
- WINDOWS, EVERYWHERE
- GETTING READY FOR THE NEXT UPDATE
- DRAWBACKS OF WINDOWS 10
- REVIEW QUESTIONS
- INDEX
