
Variation and Change
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Content
- Variation and Change
- Editorial page
- Title page
- LCC data
- Table of contents
- Introduction
- 1. Approaches to variation and change
- 2. Diachronic analysis and 'pathways' of change
- 3. Intra-lingual variation
- 4. Cross-language variation
- 5. Summary and outlook
- References
- Borrowing
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Short historical overview
- 3. Definitions of borrowing: Terminological issues
- 4. Different types/classifications of borrowing
- 5. The integration of borrowings
- 6. Constraints
- 7. Quantitative approaches
- 8. Psycholinguistic approaches
- References
- Contact linguistics
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Contact in relation to classificatory bases in linguistics
- 3. Contact and location
- 4. Direction of interference
- 5. Indirect influence in language contact
- 6. Contact as process: Towards pragmatics
- References
- Creoles and creolization
- References
- Dialect
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Other labels
- 2.1 Variety
- 2.2 Lect
- 2.3 Vernacular
- 2.4 Social dialects
- 3. Dialects as local forms of speech
- 4. Some examples of dialect studies
- 5. Some recent developments in the U.S.
- References
- Dialectology
- 1. Definition
- 2. An outline of history
- 3. Aims of the investigation
- 3.1 The impact of history on the origin and evolution of languages
- 3.2 Linguistic reconstruction
- 3.3 The study of universals of language, especially implicational scales
- 3.4 Sociopragmatic and attitudinal aspects
- 3.5 Communicative aspects
- 4. Dialect atlases
- References
- Evolutionary pragmatics
- 1. Pragmaticism, pragmatics, adaptation and the evolution of language
- 2. Sign-functions and their evolutionary significance
- 2.1 The triad of sign functions
- 2.2 The evolutionary interpretation of the triad of functions
- 2.3 Selective value of communication and symbolic behavior
- 3. Can the pragmatics of tool production and tool-use tell us something about the origin of language?
- 3.1 Instrumentality in higher mammals and man
- 3.2 Is tool-making a pragmatic source of propositional semantics?
- 3.3 Cro-Magnon life space and the pragmatic space of decorated caves
- 4. From ecological to cultural pragmatics
- 5. Conclusions
- References
- Historical linguistics
- 1. Introduction
- 2. HL in pre-generative work
- 3. HL and generative grammar
- 4. New perspectives
- 5. Explicit
- References
- Historical pragmatics
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Origins
- 3. Data problems
- 4. Topics
- 4.1 Discourse markers
- 4.2 Speech acts
- 4.3 Politeness
- 5. New perspectives
- References
- Implicature and language change
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Analyses citing conversational principles
- 3. Implicature and metaphor
- 4. Implicature, metonymy and merger
- 5. Inferences based on lexical concepts
- 6. Summary
- References
- Interlanguage pragmatics
- 1. Definition and scope
- 2. Pragmatic comprehension
- 2.1 Comprehension of nonliteral utterances
- 2.2 Assessment of politeness
- 2.3 Sociopragmatic assessment
- 3. Production of linguistic action
- 4. Development of pragmatic competence
- 4.1 Cross-sectional studies
- 4.2 Longitudinal studies
- 4.3 Theoretical accounts
- 5. Pragmatic transfer
- 5.1 Definition
- 5.2 Positive transfer
- 5.3 Negative transfer
- 5.4 Transferability
- 6. Communicative effect
- 7. Pragmatic norms
- 8. Language teaching
- 9. Research methods
- 10. Further reading
- References
- Jargon
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Studies of delinquent jargon and the introduction of a 'value-giving measure'
- 3. Interpretations of antilanguages and their functions
- 3.1 Halliday: The concept of antilanguage
- 3.2 Sociolinguistic functions of delinquent jargon
- 4. Varieties of jargon
- 5. Conclusions
- References
- Language change
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Issues in language change
- 2.1 Internal and external factors
- 2.2 Simplicity and symmetry
- 2.3 Iconicity and indexicality
- 2.4 Markedness and naturalness
- 2.5 Telic changes and epiphenomena
- 2.6 Mergers and distinctions
- 2.7 Possible changes
- 2.8 Unidirectionality of change
- 2.9 Ebb and flow
- 3. Change and levels of language
- 3.1 Phonological change
- 3.2 Morphological change
- 3.3 Syntactic change
- 4. The study of universal grammar
- 4.1 The principles and parameters model
- 5. Semantic change
- 6. Pragmatic change
- 7. Methodologies
- 7.1 Comparative method
- 7.2 Internal reconstruction
- 7.3 Analogy
- 8. Sociolinguistic investigations
- 8.1 Data collection methods
- 8.2 Genre variation and stylistics
- 9. Pathways of change
- 9.1 Long-term change: Grammaticalization
- 9.2 Large-scale changes: The typological perspective
- 10. Contact accounts
- 11. Language areas (Sprachbünde)
- 12. Conclusion
- References
- Language contact
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Societal multilingualism
- 3. The bilingual individual
- 4. Language mixing in conversation
- 5. Contact-induced language change
- 6. Contact, typology and language classification
- 7. Concluding remarks
- References
- Reconstruction
- References
- Register
- 1. History of the term 'register'
- 2. Systematization of the term
- 3. Perspectives
- 3.1 Functional linguistics à la Ferguson
- 3.2 Intercultural communication
- 3.3 Linguistic pragmatics
- 3.4 Variation linguistics
- References
- Typology
- References
- Variational pragmatics
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Pragmatic coordinates
- 2.1 The scope of pragmatics
- 2.2 The place in pragmatics
- 2.3 Levels of pragmatic analysis
- 3. Variational coordinates
- 3.1 Variation and identity
- 3.2 Pragmatic variation
- 3.3 What is a pragmatic variable?
- 4. Methodological concerns
- 4.1 Some basic principles
- 4.2 Data
- 5. Development
- 5.1 History
- 5.2 Research trends
- 6. Perspectives
- References
- Index
- The series Handbook of Pragmatics Highlights
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