Polymer Science and Technology
Description
The Definitive Guide to Polymer Principles, Properties, Synthesis, Applications, and Simulations
Now fully revised, Polymer Science and Technology, Third Edition, systematically reviews the field's current state and emerging advances. Leading polymer specialist Joel R. Fried offers modern coverage of both processing principles and applications in multiple industries, including medicine, biotechnology, chemicals, and electronics.
This edition's new and expanded coverage ranges from advanced synthesis to the latest drug delivery applications. New topics include controlled radical polymerization, click chemistry, green chemistry, block copolymers, nanofillers, electrospinning, and more.
A brand-new chapter offers extensive guidance for predicting polymer properties, including additional coverage of group correlations, and new discussions of the use of topological indices and neural networks. This is also the first introductory polymer text to fully explain computational polymer science, including molecular dynamics and Monte Carlo methods. Simulation concepts are supported with many application examples, ranging from prediction of PVT values to permeability and free volume.
Fried thoroughly covers synthetic polymer chemistry; polymer properties in solution and in melt, rubber, and solid states; and all important categories of plastics. This revised edition also adds many new calculations, end-of-chapter problems, and references.
In-depth coverage includes
- Polymer synthesis: step- and chain-growth; bulk, solution, suspension, emulsion, solid-state, and plasma; ionic liquids, and macromers; and genetic engineering
- Amorphous and crystalline states, transitions, mechanical properties, and solid-state characterization
- Polymers and the environment: degradation, stability, and more
- Additives, blends, block copolymers, and composites-including interpenetrating networks, nanocomposites, buckyballs, carbon nanotubes, graphene, and POSS
- Biopolymers, natural polymers, fibers, thermoplastics, elastomers, and thermosets
- Engineering and specialty polymers, from polycarbonates to ionic polymers and high-performance fibers
- Polymer rheology, processing, and modeling
- Correlations and simulations: group contribution, topological indices, artificial neural networks, molecular dynamics, and Monte Carlo simulations
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Content
Preface to Second Edition xvii
Preface to First Edition xix
Acknowledgments xxi
About the Author xxiii
Chapter 1: Introduction to Polymer Science 1
1.1 Classification of Polymers 3
1.2 Polymer Structure 8
1.3 Molecular Weight 15
1.4 Chemical Structure and Thermal Transitions 20
Suggested Reading 22
Problems 22
References 24
Chapter 2: Polymer Synthesis 25
2.1 Step-Growth Polymerization 26
2.2 Chain-Growth Polymerization 31
2.3 Polymerization Techniques 64
2.4 Polymer Reactivity 74
2.5 Special Topics in Polymer Synthesis 81
2.6 Chemical Structure Determination 86
Suggested Reading 92
Problems 95
References 98
Chapter 3: Conformation, Solutions, and Molecular Weight 101
3.1 Polymer Conformation and Chain Dimensions 102
3.2 Thermodynamics of Polymer Solutions 109
3.3 Measurement of Molecular Weight 129
Suggested Reading 146
Problems 146
References 150
Chapter 4: Solid-State Properties 153
4.1 The Amorphous State 154
4.2 The Crystalline State 159
4.3 Thermal Transitions and Properties 167
4.4 Mechanical Properties 183
Suggested Reading 202
Problems 203
References 204
Chapter 5: Viscoelasticity and Rubber Elasticity 207
5.1 Introduction to Viscoelasticity 208
5.2 Introduction to Rubber Elasticity 248
Suggested Reading 255
Problems 256
References 259
Chapter 6: Polymer Degradation and the Environment 261
6.1 Polymer Degradation and Stability 262
6.2 Management of Plastics in the Environment 272
Suggested Reading 279
References 279
Chapter 7: Additives, Blends, Block Copolymers, and Composites 281
7.1 Additives 282
7.2 Polymer Blends and Interpenetrating Networks 293
7.3 Block Copolymers 306
7.4 Composites 310
7.5 Nanocomposites 318
Suggested Reading 326
Problems 328
References 329
Chapter 8: Biopolymers, Natural Polymers, and Fibers 331
8.1 Biopolymers and Other Naturally Occuring Polymers 332
8.2 Fibers 346
Suggested Reading 358
Problems 359
References 359
Chapter 9: Thermoplastics, Elastomers, and Thermosets 361
9.1 Commodity Thermoplastics 362
9.2 Elastomers 374
9.3 Thermosets 386
Suggested Reading 393
Problems 394
References 395
Chapter 10: Engineering and Specialty Polymers 397
10.1 Engineering Plastics 399
10.2 Specialty Polymers 412
Suggested Reading 431
Problems 433
References 433
Chapter 11: Polymer Processing and Rheology 435
11.1 Basic Processing Operations 436
11.2 Introduction to Polymer Rheology 446
11.3 Analysis of Simple Flows 461
11.4 Rheometry 468
11.5 Modeling of Polymer-Processing Operations 476
Appendices 485
Suggested Reading 487
Problems 488
References 491
Chapter 12: Polymers for Advanced Technologies 493
12.1 Membrane Science and Technology 494
12.2 Biomedical Engineering and Drug Delivery 526
12.3 Applications in Electronics and Energy 533
12.4 Photonic Polymers 541
12.5 Sensor Applications 544
Suggested Reading 547
Problems 550
References 550
Chapter 13: Correlations and Simulations in Polymer Science 553
13.1 Group-Contribution Methods 554
13.2 Topological Indices 574
13.3 Artificial Neural Network 578
13.4 Molecular Simulations 581
13.5 Applications of Molecular Simulations 591
Suggested Reading 611
Problems 612
References 612
Appendix A: Polymer Abbreviations 617
Appendix B Representative Properties of Some Important Commercial Polymers 621
Appendix C ASTM Standards for Plastics and Rubber 623
Appendix D SI Units and Physical Constants 627
Appendix E Mathematical Relationships 629
Appendix F The Major Elements 635
Index 637
