
Reference and Referent Accessibility
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Content
- REFERENCE AND REFERENT ACCESSIBILITY
- Editorial page
- Title page
- Copyright page
- Table of contents
- Introduction
- References
- Referring Expressionsand the +/- Coreference Distinction
- 1. On distinguishing between coreference and disjointness
- 2. Wrong predictions concerning coreference and disjointness
- 2.1 Coreference -& Disjointness
- 2.2 Disjointness -& Coreference
- 3. Referring as marking degree of accessibility
- 4. On the non-contrast between coreference and disjointness markingand interpretation
- 4.1 The non-specialization of referring expressions as to +/- coreference
- Notes
- References
- Inferring Identifiability and Accessibility
- 1. Identifiability
- 2. Accessibility
- 3. Two kinds of inference
- References
- Animacy in grammar and discourse
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Animacy and syntactic function
- 2.1. The role of animacy in the grammaticalization of syntactic functions
- 2.2. Corpus data
- 2.2.1. Syntactic function
- 2.2.2. Hierarchical relations between NPs
- 3. Animacy, gender and number
- 4. Animacy and pronominalization
- 4.1. Pronominalization propensity and long-scope pronominalization
- 4.2. 'Identity of sense ' anaphora
- 5. Animacy and semantic roles
- 6. Point of view
- 7. Notes on the animacy hierarchy
- 8. Conclusion
- References
- Cognitive Ontology and NP Form
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Background
- 2.1. Animacy and individuation
- 2.2. First-mention definites and relationality
- 3. A simple cognitive ontology
- 3.1. Individuals, Functionals, and Instances
- 3.2. Identification of referents, relations and types
- 4. Elaborations
- 4.1. Indefinite NPs and Functionals
- 4.2 Inherent properties and temporary perspectives
- 4.3. Degrees of individuation
- 4.4. Proper names and sub-classe s of Individuals
- 5. Conclusion
- Notes
- References
- Accessing Contexts With Intonation
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Intonation and relevance
- 2.1. Topic continuity and discontinuity
- 2.2. East Norwegian intonation
- 3. Accessing explicatures and implicatures with intonation
- 4. Look for the right context to resolve referential ambiguities
- 4.1. 'SI because S2'
- 4.2. 'S1 and S2'
- 4.3 The results of the reference assignment test
- 4.4. Discussion
- 5. Conclusion
- Notes
- References
- Written Discourse Segmentation:The Function of Unstressed Pronouns in Mandarin Chinese
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Discourse segment
- 2.1 Discourse Topic mention as a boundary marker
- 2.2 A propositional view of Discourse Topic
- 3. The function of pronouns in Mandarin
- 4. Conclusions
- References
- Relevance Theory Meets the Givenness Hierarchy An Account of Inferrables
- 1. Introduction
- 2. The GHZ Framework
- 3. Relevance Theory and the Givenness Hierarchy
- 4. Conclusion
- Notes
- References
- On Accessibility and Coreference
- 1. Introduction
- 1.1 The NP Accessibility Hierarchy
- 1.2 The Referential Accessibility Hierarchy
- 1.3 Bringing the two hierarchies together
- 2. The accessibility of antecedents
- 2.1 Anaphoric relations in a selected set of Finnish sentences
- 2.1.1 Subject - Direct Object
- 2.1.2 Subject - Direct Object - 'Indirect object'10
- 2.1.3 Subject - Direct Object - 'Indirect Object' - (Non-allative) Oblique
- 2.1.4 Subject - 'Indirect Object' - Genitive17
- 2.1.5 Subject - Object of Comparison
- 2.2 The balance between the two hierarchies
- 3. Grammatical relations and the choice of referential expressions
- 3.1 Data
- 3.2 Type of anaphor and the grammatical role of the antecedent
- 4. Conclusion
- Notes
- References
- Word Order and Cognitive Status in Mandarin
- 1. Cognitive Status and Referring Forms in English
- 2. Cognitive Status and Referring Forms in Five Languages
- 3. Uniquely Identifiable nèi N
- 4. Activated zhè N
- Notes
- References
- The 'O Price Tag' on Knowledge Activation in Discourse Processing
- 1. Introduction
- 2. How inferred is an inferrable?
- 3. The 'cost' of knowledge activation in discourse processing theories
- 3.1. Propositional theories
- 3.2. Model-based theories
- 4. What constitutes a discourse inference?
- 4.1. Explicit and implicit inferences
- 4.2. Implicit inferences and spreading activation
- 5. Methodological problems
- 5.1. How do we decide between explicit and implicit inferences?
- 5.2. How do we differ between implicit inferences and spreading activation?
- 5.3. Are inferences always full-blown?
- 6. Conclusion
- Notes
- References
- Generic Sentences Are Topic Constructions
- Notes
- References
- Prosodic Cues to Accessibility
- 1. Noun phrases representing new referents
- 2. Noun phrases representing accessible referents
- 3. Noun phrases representing given referents
- 4. Conclusion
- References
- The Game of the Name
- 1. Introduction
- 2. The Givenness Hierarchy
- 3. Full Names
- 4. Single names
- 5. The distribution and selection of names
- 5.1. Distribution
- 5.2. Selection
- 6. Conclusion
- Notes
- References
- The Interpretation of Empty Pronouns in Vietnamese
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Relational givenness
- 3. Interpreting empty pronouns
- 4. Conclusion
- References
- The Effect of Genre on Referential Choice
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Background
- 3. Methodology
- 3.1 Data Selection
- 3.2 Accessibility
- 3.3 Statistical Tests
- 4. Results and discussion
- 4.1. Results
- 4.2 Problematical areas
- 4.2.1 Low Accessibility Markers
- 4.2.2 High Accessibility Markers
- 5. Conclusion
- Notes
- References
- A Bilateral Approach to Givenness: A Hearer-Status Algorithm and a Centering Algorithm
- 0. Introduction
- 1. Hearer-status
- 2. Discourse-status: Centering Algorithm
- 2.1. Centering Rules and Constraints
- 2.2. Ranking of the Forward-looking centers
- 2.3. Centering Algorithm
- 3. Centering Algorithm in natural discourse
- 4. Conclusion
- Notes
- References
- Index of Subjects
- Index of Names
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