Renewable Energy in Power Systems
Published on 15. September 2008
300 pages
978-0-470-98894-7 (ISBN)
Description
Renewable Energy (RE) sources differ from conventional sources inthat, generally they cannot be scheduled, they are much smallerthan conventional power stations and are often connected to theelectricity distribution system rather than the transmissionsystem. The integration of such time variable'distributed' or 'embedded' sources intoelectricity networks requires special consideration.
This new book addresses these special issues and covers thefollowing:
* The characteristics of conventional and RE generators withparticular reference to the variable nature of RE from wind, solar,small hydro and marine sources over time scales ranging fromseconds to months
* The power balance and frequency stability in a network withincreasing inputs from variable sources and the technical andeconomic implications of increased penetration from suchsources with special reference to demand side management
* The conversion of energy into electricity from RE sources andthe type and characteristics of generators used
* The requirement to condition the power from RE sources and thetype and mode of operation of the power electronic converters usedto interface such generators to the grid
* The flow of power over networks supplied from conventional plusRE sources with particular reference to voltage control andprotection
* The economics and trading of 'green' electricity innational and international deregulated markets
* The expected developments in RE technology and the future shapeof power systems where the penetration from RE sources is large andwhere substantial operational and control benefits will be derived from extensive use of power electronic interfaces andcontrollers
The text is designed to be intelligible to readers who havelittle previous knowledge of electrical engineering. The moreanalytical electrical aspects are relegated to an Appendix forreaders who wish to gain a more in depth understanding. Thebook's flexible structure makes its accessible to the generalengineer or scientists but also caters for readers with anon-scientific background. Economists, planners and environmentalspecialists will find parts of the book informative.
Reviews / Votes
?The book can also be a handy reference for graduate students,practicing engineers, and academics working on grid integration ofRE power generation sources and their management or in the generalarea of power system planning. In fact, I recommend the book forevery field engineer who works in the area of planning,integration, and operation of distributed generation in powersystems.? (IEEE Power & Energy Magazine , Sept/Oct 2009) ?This is an unusually clear and helpful volume that should be abonus to those working in the field of electric power generation,transmission, or management. Summing Up: Highly recommended.?(Choice, April 2009) ?By the end of this excellent text the reader has a much widerview of the whole system problem.? (International Journal ofAmbient Energy, January 2009) "Freris and Infield?s new volume is a useful addition to thelibrary ? .Readable and should be seriously considered as part ofthe basic research process for anyone." (Engari, December2008)More details
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Renewable Energy in Power Systems
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Persons
Professor Leon Freris, CREST, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire
Professor Leon Freris is the visiting professor in Renewable Energy Technology in the Center for Renewable Energy Systems Technology (CREST) at Loughborough University. Professor Freris has over 20 years of teaching experience on a variety of topics related to wind power and integration of renewables.
Professor Leon Freris is the visiting professor in Renewable Energy Technology in the Center for Renewable Energy Systems Technology (CREST) at Loughborough University. Professor Freris has over 20 years of teaching experience on a variety of topics related to wind power and integration of renewables.
Content
Foreword.
Preface.
Acknowledgements.
1 Energy and Electricity.
1.1 The World Energy Scene.
1.2 The Environmental Impact of Energy Use.
1.3 Generating Electricity.
1.4 The Electrical Power System.
References.
2 Features of Conventional and Renewable Generation.
2.1 Introduction.
2.2 Conventional Sources: Coal, Gas and Nuclear.
2.3 Hydroelectric Power.
2.4 Wind Power.
2.5 PV and Solar Thermal Electricity.
2.6 Tidal Power.
2.7 Wave Power.
2.8 Biomass.
2.9 Summary of Power Generation Characteristics.
2.10 Combining Sources.
References.
3 Power Balance/ Frequency Control.
3.1 Introduction.
3.2 Electricity Demand.
3.3 Power Governing.
3.4 Dynamic Frequency Control of Large Systems.
3.5 Impact of Renewable Generation on Frequency Control andReliability.
3.6 Frequency Response Services from Renewables.
3.7 Frequency Control Modelling.
3.8 Energy Storage.
References.
Other Useful Reading.
4 Electrical Power Generation and Conditioning.
4.1 The Conversion of Renewable Energy into Electrical Form.
4.2 The Synchronous Generator.
4.3 The Transformer.
4.4 The Asynchronous Generator.
4.5 Power Electronics.
4.6 Applications to Renewable Energy Generators.
References.
5 Power System Analysis.
5.1 Introduction.
5.2 The Transmission System.
5.3 Voltage Control.
5.4 Power Flow in an Individual Section of Line.
5.5 Reactive Power Management.
5.6 Load Flow and Power System Simulation.
5.7 Faults and Protection.
5.8 Time Varying and Dynamic Simulations.
5.9 Reliability Analysis.
References.
6 Renewable Energy Generation in Power Systems.
6.1 Distributed Generation.
6.2 Voltage Effects.
6.3 Thermal Limits.
6.4 Other Embedded Generation Issues.
6.5 Islanding.
6.6 Fault Ride-through.
6.7 Generator and Converter Characteristics.
References.
7 Power System Economics and the Electricity Market.
7.1 Introduction.
7.2 The Costs of Electricity Generation.
7.3 Economic Optimization in Power Systems.
7.4 External Costs.
7.5 Effects of Embedded Generation.
7.6 Support Mechanisms for Renewable Energy.
7.7 Electricity Trading.
References.
8 The Future - Towards a Sustainable Electricity SupplySystem.
8.1 Introduction.
8.2 The Future of Wind Power.
8.3 The Future of Solar Power.
8.4 The Future of Biofuels.
8.5 The Future of Hydro and Marine Power.
8.6 Distributed Generation and the Shape of Future Networks.
8.7 Conclusions.
References.
Appendix: Basic Electric Power Engineering Concepts.
A.1 Introduction.
A.2 Generators and Consumers of Energy.
A.3 Why AC?.
A.4 AC Waveforms.
A.5 Response of Circuit Components to AC.
A.6 Phasors.
A.7 Phasor Addition.
A.8 Rectangular Notation.
A.9 Reactance and Impedance.
A.10 Power in AC Circuits.
A.11 Reactive Power.
A.12 Complex Power.
A.13 Conservation of Active and Reactive Power.
A.14 Effects of Reactive Power Flow - Power FactorCorrection.
A.15 Three-phase AC.
A.16 The Thévenin Equivalent Circuit.
Reference.
Index.
