Forensic Science

Part I: Forensic Toxicology: Illicit Drugs. Opiate agonists (M.J. Bogusz). Introduction. Solid-phase extraction as a separation technique applied for isolation ofopiates from biosamples. Papaver somniferum as a source of opiates. Heroin and associated illicit opiate formulations. Morphine; therapeutic drug and heroin metabolite. Other opiate agonists. Concluding summary. Abbreviations. References. Current Methods for the Separation and Analysis of Cocaine Analytes (R.A. Jufer et al.). Introduction. Current methods for the determination of cocaine. Perspectives. List of abbreviations. References. Amphetamines (J.T. Cody). Introduction. Extraction. Derivatization. Gas chromatography. Liquid chromatography. Alternative techniques. Interpretation of analytical results. Conclusion. Abbreviations. References. Hallucinogens (J.T. Cody). Introduction. Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD). Mescaline. Psilocybin. Phencyclidine (PCP). Conclusion. Abbreviations. References. Cannabinoids Analysis: Analytical Methods for Different Biological Specimens (M.A. ElSohly, M. Salem). Introduction. Analysis of cannabinoids in urine. Analysis of cannabinoids in blood. Analysis of cannabinoids in hair. Analysis of cannabinoids in meconium. Other biological specimens. Autopsy materials. Analysis of cannabinoids in crude cannabis preparations. Concluding remarks. References. Therapeutic Drugs. Sedatives and Hypnotics (T. Kraemer, H.H. Maurer). Introduction. Barbiturates. Benzodiazepines. Zopiclone and zolpidem. Diphenhydramine. Other sedatives and hypnotics. Concluding summary and perspectives. References. Antidepressants and Antipsychotics (D.R.A. Uges, J.M.H. Conemans). Introduction. Analytical techniques. HPLC chromatography. Gas chromatography. Thin-layer chromatography. Micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography (MECC or MEKC) and capillary electrophoresis (CE). Concluding remarks. List of abbreviations. Unlinked references. References. Non-Opioid Analgesics (T. Kraemer, H.H. Maurer). Introduction. Paracetamol. Acetylsalicylic acid. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Pyrazole derivatives. Concluding summary and perspectives. References. Other Therapeutic Drugs of Forensic Relevance (Cardiac Glycosides, Antiarrhythmics, Oral Antidiabetics and MuscleRelaxants) (W. E. Lambert, A.P. De Leenheer). Introduction. Cardiac glycosides. Antiarrhythmics. Oral antidiabetics. Muscle relaxants. Concluding summary. References. Other Topics. Enantioselective Liquid Chromatographic Analysis of Drugs inForensic Science (S.H.Y. Wong). Introduction - chiral pharmacology: basic principles and current understandings. Enantiomeric liquid chromatographic analysis. Validation of a chiral HPLC assay. Indirect approaches and column switching. Direct approaches - seven major types of chiral stationary phases: mechanisms of enantiomeric separations and examples. Guidelines for clinical chiral drug analysis. Conclusions. Dedication. Abbreviations. Acknowledgment. References. Environmental Poisons (Mushroom Toxins) (I. Ojanperä). General introduction. Introduction. Amatoxins. Orellanine. Other toxins. References. Environmental Poisons Toxins of Freshwater Cyanobacteria(Blue-Green Algae) (J. Meriluoto). Introduction. Microcystins and nodularins. Cylindrospermopsin. Anatoxin-a. Anatoxin-a(s). Saxitoxins and other PSP toxins. Concluding remarks. References. Pesticides (I. Ojanperä). Introduction. Screening for pesticides. Paraquat and diquat. Rodenticides. References. Analysis of Chemicals Related to the Chemical WeaponsConvention by GC (O. Kostiainen). Introduction. Chemical weapons. Sample preparation. Screening methods. Unequivocal identification. Quality control. General concluding remarks. Abbreviations. References. Drugs and Driving (R.A. Wennig, A. Verstraete). Introduction. Legal issues.