Comparative Biochemistry V3

Contributors to Volume IIIPrefaceContents of Volumes I, II, IV Phylogenetic Charts1. The Comparative Aspects of Fatty Acid Occurrence and Distribution I. Introduction II. The Naturally Occurring Fatty Acids and Lipids III. Formation of Fatty Acids and Lipids in the Living Organism IV. Relationships between Types and Distribution of Fatty Acids and Their Biological Origin V. Fatty Acid Composition and Mode of Combination VI. Variations in Types and Distribution of Fatty Acids in Different Parts of the Organism VII. Theory of Evolution and Fatty Acid Composition References2. Sterols: Their Structure and Distribution I. Introduction II. The Sterols III. Sterols of Bacteria and Protozoa IV. Sterols of Sponges V. Sterols of Coelenterates VI. Sterols of Ctenophores to Annelids VII. Sterols of Arthropods VIII. Sterols of Mollusks IX. Sterols of Echinoderms X. Sterols of Chordates XI. Conclusions References3. Lipids: Steroid Metabolism I. The Biosynthesis of Steroids II. The Metabolism of Steroids References4. Bile Salts: Structure, Distribution, and Possible Biological Significance as a Species Character I. Structure II. Distribution III. Bile Salts as a Species Character References5. Distribution of Phospholipids I. Introduction II. Structure of the Glycerophosphatides III. Structure of the Sphingophosphatides IV. The Distribution of Phospholipids in Animal Tissues V. The Distribution of Phospholipids in Plants VI. The Phospholipids of Bacteria References6. The Metabolism of Phospholipids I. The Biochemistry of Phospholipid Synthesis II. Enzyme Systems That Degrade Phospholipids III. The Pathways of Phospholipid Metabolism In Vivo References7. Natural Monosaccharides and Oligosaccharides: Their Structures and Occurrence I. The Monosaccharides II. Intersugar Glycosidic Compounds: Disaccharides and Oligosaccharides III. Nucleosides, Nucleotides, and Nucleic Acids IV. Aminodeoxy Monosaccharides, "Amino Sugars" V. Occurrence of Some Commoner Monosaccharides, Free and in Glycosidic Combination VI. The Occurrence of Oligosaccharides VII. Chromatographic Examinations of Biological Materials for Free Sugars References8. Polysaccharidases I. Introduction II. The Enzymes of Glycogen and Starch Degradation III. Dextranase IV. Cellulases V. Enzymes That Hydrolyze Other Polyglucosans VI. Enzymes That Hydrolyze Mannans and Mannogalactans VII. Enzymes That Hydrolyze Fructans VIII. Enzymes That Hydrolyze Pentosans (Xylanase) IX. Enzymes That Hydrolyze Polyuronides X. Enzymes That Hydrolyze Pneumococcal Polysaccharides XI. Mucopolysaccharases XII. General Discussion References9. Saccharides: Alternate Routes of Metabolism I. The Pentose Cycle II. The Glucuronate Pathway III. Heterofermentative Lactic Acid Degradation of Glucose IV. The Entner-Doudoroff Scheme V. Comparative Studies VI. Direct Oxidations of Glucose and Polyols References10. Terpenoids: Structure and Distribution I. Scheme of Terpenoid Structure II. Structure and Distribution of Terpenoids References11. Terpenoids: Metabolism I. The "'Isoprene Rule'" and Chemism of Terpenoid Biosynthesis II. Ring Closures and Rearrangements III. Biochemical Oxidations and Hydrogenations IV. Chemotaxonomy References12. Quinones: Structure and Distribution I. Introduction II. Distribution of Quinones in Nature III. Biogenesis of Quinones References13. Melanins I. Introduction II. The Initial Stages of Melanogenesis III. The Natural Distribution of Melanins IV. The Structure of Melanins References14. Flavonoid Compounds I. Survey of Naturally Occurring Compounds and Their Biosynthesis II. The Distribution of Flavonoid Components III.