Wiley Practitioner's Guide to GAAS 2016
Description
Wiley Practitioner's Guide to GAAS 2016 provides full guidance toward the latest guidelines and applications of Generally Accepted Auditing Standards. With detailed coverage of the newest releases, this helpful reference explains each standard in clear, accessible language and highlights the ways in which the standards are related. Organized for easy navigation, each statement is presented individually along with explanation, practice notes, practical illustrations, checklists and questionnaires to guide you through the auditing process. The book is written to align with the Statements on Auditing Standards, and includes updates and interpretations of all new Statements for Accounting and Review Services Compilation and Review statements to help you ensure a complete and fully compliant audit.
Accounting standards are critical to the auditing process, but frequent revisions and new releases add a layer of complexity to compliance. This book provides interpretation and application notes for all GAAS standards, including all SASs, SSAEs, SSARSs and PCAOB.
* Get up to speed on the latest GAAS standards
* Walk through each statement step-by-step
* Utilize helpful tools to ensure full compliance
* Gain a deeper understanding of each standard's applications
Identifying, interpreting, and applying the many standards relevant to a particular engagement can be the most difficult part of the auditor's job. This guide simplifies the process by combining the standards, explanations, tools, and expert advice into a single, easily navigated volume. For the auditor who needs to be up to date, Wiley Practitioner's Guide to GAAS 2016 presents clear, plain-language guidance toward the most recent GAAS standards, to help you find --and understand -- the answers you need quickly.
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Joanne Flood, MBA, CPA, Rockville Center, NY has accounting experience within both a Big 4 international firm and a small firm. She has worked as a senior manager in the AICPA's Professional Development group. Joanne received her MBA in Accounting Summa Cum Laude from Adelphi University.
While in public accounting, she worked on major clients in retail, manufacturing, and finance and on small business clients in construction, manufacturing, and professional services. At the AICPA, she managed the development and wrote courses in the accounting and auditing product line. She also wrote and produced training materials in a wide variety of media, including print, video, and audio, and pioneered the AICPA's elearning product line.
Content
About the Author xi
Organization and Key Changes xiii
AU-C 200 Overall Objectives of the Independent Auditor and the Conduct of an Audit in Accordance with Generally Accepted Auditing Standards 1
AU-C 210 Terms of Engagement 9
AU-C 220 Quality Control for an Engagement Conducted in Accordance with Generally Accepted Auditing Standards 15
AU-C 230 Audit Documentation 21
AU-C 240 Consideration of Fraud in a Financial Statement Audit 31
AU-C 250 Consideration of Laws and Regulations in an Audit of Financial Statements 59
AU-C 260 The Auditor's Communication with Those Charged with Governance 65
AU-C 265 Communicating Internal Control Related Matters Identified in an Audit 71
AU-C 300 Planning an Audit 81
AU-C 315 Understanding the Entity and Its Environment and Assessing the Risks of Material Misstatement 87
AU-C 320 Materiality in Planning and Performing an Audit 115
AU-C 330 Performing Audit Procedures in Response to Assessed Risks and Evaluating the Audit Evidence Obtained 121
AU-C 402 Audit Considerations Relating to an Entity Using a Service Organization 151
AU-C 450 Evaluation of Misstatements Identified During the Audit 159
AU-C 500 Audit Evidence 165
AU-C 501 Audit Evidence-Specific Considerations for Selected Items 169
AU-C 505 External Confirmations 203
AU-C 510 Opening Balances-Initial Audit Engagements, Including Reaudit Engagements 219
AU-C 520 Analytical Procedures 227
AU-C 530 Audit Sampling 241
AU-C 540 Auditing Accounting Estimates, Including Fair Value Accounting Estimates and Related Disclosures 265
AU-C 550 Related Parties 277
AU-C 560 Subsequent Events and Subsequently Discovered Facts 289
AU-C 570 The Auditor's Consideration of an Entity's Ability to Continue as a Going Concern 303
AU-C 580 Written Representations 319
AU-C 585 Consideration of Omitted Procedures After the Report Release Date 333
AU-C 600 Special Considerations-Audits of Group Financial Statements (Including the Work of Component Auditors) 339
AU-C 610 Using the Work of Internal Auditors 359
AU-C 620 Using the Work of an Auditor's Specialist 373
AU-C 700 Forming an Opinion and Reporting on Financial Statements 383
AU-C 705 Modifications to the Opinion in the Independent Auditor's Report 397
AU-C 706 Emphasis-of-Matter Paragraphs and Other-Matter Paragraphs in the Independent Auditor's Report 415
AU-C 708 Consistency of Financial Statements 423
AU-C 720 Other Information in Documents Containing Audited Financial Statements 427
AU-C 725 Supplementary Information in Relation to Financial Statements as a Whole 431
AU-C 730 Required Supplementary Information 437
AU-C 800 Special Considerations-Audits of Financial Statements Prepared in Accordance with Special Purpose Frameworks 443
AU-C 805 Special Considerations-Audits of Single Financial Statements and Specific Elements, Accounts, or Items of a Financial Statement 455
AU-C 806 Reporting on Compliance with Aspects of Contractual Agreements or Regulatory Requirements in Connection with Audited Financial Statements 467
AU-C 810 Engagements to Report on Summary Financial Statements 475
AU-C 905 Alert That Restricts the Use of the Auditor's Written Communication 485
AU-C 910 Financial Statements Prepared in Accordance with a Financial Reporting Framework Generally Accepted in Another Country 491
AU-C 915 Reports on Application of Requirements of an Applicable Financial Reporting Framework 497
AU-C 920 Letters for Underwriters and Certain Other Requesting Parties 503
AU-C 925 Filings with the US Securities and Exchange Commission Under the Securities Act of 1933 543
AU-C 930 Interim Financial Information 549
AU-C 935 Compliance Audits 575
AT 20 Defining Professional Requirements in Statements on Standards for Attest Engagements 587
AT 50 SSAE Hierarchy 589
AT 101 Attest Engagements 591
AT 201 Agreed-Upon Procedures Engagements 615
AT 301 Financial Forecasts and Projections 627
AT 401 Reporting on Pro Forma Financial Information 655
AT 501 An Examination of an Entity's Internal Control Over Financial Reporting That Is Integrated with an Audit of Its Financial Statements 667
AT 601 Compliance Attestation 691
AT 701 Management's Discussion and Analysis (MD&A)-A Summary 705
AT 801 Reporting on Controls at a Service Organization 713
AR-C 60 General Principles for Engagements Performed in Accordance With Statements on Standards for Accounting and Review Services 735
AR-C 70 Preparation of Financial Statements 743
AR-C 80 Compilation Engagements 751
AR-C 90 Review of Financial Statements 773
AR 120 Compilation of Pro Forma Financial Information 807
PCAOB 1 References in Auditors' Reports to the Standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board 813
PCAOB 3 Audit Documentation 817
PCAOB 4 Reporting on Whether a Previously Reported Material Weakness Continues to Exist 823
PCAOB 5 An Audit of Internal Control Over Financial Reporting That Is Integrated with an Audit of Financial Statements 837
PCAOB 6 Evaluating Consistency of Financial Statements 857
PCAOB 7 Engagement Quality Review 861
PCAOB 8 Audit Risk 865
PCAOB 9 Audit Planning 867
PCAOB 10 Supervision of the Audit Engagement 871
PCAOB 11 Consideration of Materiality in Planning and Performing an Audit 873
PCAOB 12 Identifying and Assessing Risks of Material Misstatement 877
PCAOB 13 The Auditor's Responses to the Risks of Material Misstatement 891
PCAOB 14 Evaluating Audit Results 899
PCAOB 15 Audit Evidence 905
PCAOB 16 Communicating with Audit Committees 909
PCAOB 17 Auditing Supplemental Information Accompanying Audited Financial Statements 915
PCAOB 18 Related Parties 919
Appendix A: Cross-References to SASs, SSAEs, and SSARSs 927
Appendix B: List of AICPA Audit and Accounting Guides and AICPA Statements of Position-Auditing and Attestation 929
Appendix C: Other Auditing Publications 931
Index 933
AU-C 200 Overall Objectives of the Independent Auditor and the Conduct of an Audit in Accordance with Generally Accepted Auditing Standards
AU-C Original Pronouncements
Original Pronouncements Statements on Auditing Standards (SASs) 122, 123, and 128.
AU-C 200 Definitions of Terms
Source: AU-C 200.14
Applicable financial reporting framework. The financial reporting framework adopted by management and, when appropriate, those charged with governance in the preparation and fair presentation of the financial statements, that is acceptable in view of the nature of the entity and the objective of the financial statements, or that is required by law or regulation.
Audit evidence. Information used by the auditor in arriving at the conclusions on which the auditor's opinion is based. Audit evidence includes both information contained in the accounting records underlying the financial statements and other information. Sufficiency of audit evidence is the measure of the quantity of audit evidence. The quantity of the audit evidence needed is affected by the auditor's assessment of the risks of material misstatement and also by the quality of such audit evidence. Appropriateness of audit evidence is the measure of the quality of audit evidence; that is, its relevance and its reliability in providing support for the conclusions on which the auditor's opinion is based.
Audit risk. The risk that the auditor expresses an inappropriate audit opinion when the financial statements are materially misstated. Audit risk is a function of the risk of material misstatement and detection risk.
Auditor. The term used to refer to the person or persons conducting the audit, usually the engagement partner or other members of the engagement team, or, as applicable, the firm. When an AU-C section expressly intends that a requirement or responsibility be fulfilled by the engagement partner, the term engagement partner rather than auditor is used. Engagement partner and firm are to be read as referring to their governmental equivalents when relevant.
Detection risk. The risk that the procedures performed by the auditor to reduce audit risk to an acceptably low level will not detect a misstatement that exists and that could be material, either individually or when aggregated with other misstatements.
Financial reporting framework. A set of criteria used to determine measurement, recognition, presentation, and disclosure of all material items appearing in the financial statements; for example, U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs) promulgated by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB), or a special purpose framework.
The term fair presentation framework is used to refer to a financial reporting framework that requires compliance with the requirements of the framework and:
- Acknowledges explicitly or implicitly that, to achieve fair presentation of the financial statements, it may be necessary for management to provide disclosures beyond those specifically required by the framework; or
- Acknowledges explicitly that it may be necessary for management to depart from a requirement of the framework to achieve fair presentation of the financial statements. Such departures are expected to be necessary only in extremely rare circumstances.
A financial reporting framework that requires compliance with the requirements of the framework but does not contain the acknowledgments in 1 or 2 is not a fair presentation framework.
Financial statements. A structured representation of historical financial information, including related notes, intended to communicate an entity's economic resources and obligations at a point in time or the changes therein for a period of time in accordance with a financial reporting framework. The related notes ordinarily comprise a summary of significant accounting policies and other explanatory information. The term financial statements ordinarily refers to a complete set of financial statements as determined by the requirements of the applicable financial reporting framework, but can also refer to a single financial statement.
Historical financial information. Information expressed in financial terms regarding a particular entity, derived primarily from that entity's accounting system, about economic events occurring in past time periods or about economic conditions or circumstances at points in time in the past.
Interpretive publications. Auditing interpretations of generally accepted accounting standards (GAAS), exhibits to GAAS, auditing guidance included in the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA) Audit and Accounting Guides, and the AICPA Auditing Statements of Position (SOPs).
Management. The person(s) with executive responsibility for the conduct of the entity's operations. For some entities, management includes some or all of those charged with governance; for example, executive members of a governance board or an owner-manager.
Misstatement. A difference between the amount, classification, presentation, or disclosure of a reported financial statement item and the amount, classification, presentation, or disclosure that is required for the item to be presented fairly in accordance with the applicable financial reporting framework. Misstatements can arise from fraud or error.
Other auditing publications. Publications other than interpretive publications; these include AICPA auditing publications not defined as interpretive publications; auditing articles in the Journal of Accountancy and other professional journals; continuing professional education programs and other instruction materials, textbooks, guide books, audit programs, and checklists; and other auditing publications from state certified public accountant (CPA) societies, other organizations, and individuals.
Premise, relating to the responsibilities of management and, when appropriate, those charged with governance, on which an audit is conducted (the premise). Management and, when appropriate, those charged with governance have acknowledged and understand that they have the following responsibilities that are fundamental to the conduct of an audit in accordance with GAAS; that is, responsibility:
- For the preparation and fair presentation of the financial statements in accordance with the applicable financial reporting framework;
- For the design, implementation, and maintenance of internal control relevant to the preparation and fair presentation of financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error; and
- To provide the auditor with
- Access to all information of which management and, when appropriate, those charged with governance are aware that is relevant to the preparation and fair presentation of the financial statements, such as records, documentation, and other matters;
- Additional information that the auditor may request from management and, when appropriate, those charged with governance for the purpose of the audit; and
- Unrestricted access to persons within the entity from whom the auditor determines it necessary to obtain audit evidence.
The premise, relating to the responsibilities of management and, when appropriate, those charged with governance, on which an audit is conducted may also be referred to as the premise.
Professional judgment. The application of relevant training, knowledge, and experience within the context provided by auditing, accounting, and ethical standards, in making informed decisions about the courses of action that are appropriate in the circumstances of the audit engagement.
Professional skepticism. An attitude that includes a questioning mind, being alert to conditions that may indicate possible misstatement due to fraud or error, and a critical assessment of audit evidence.
Reasonable assurance. In the context of an audit of financial statements, a high, but not absolute, level of assurance.
Risk of material misstatement. The risk that the financial statements are materially misstated prior to the audit. This consists of two components, described as follows at the assertion level:
- Inherent risk. The susceptibility of an assertion about a class of transaction, account balance, or disclosure to a misstatement that could be material, either individually or when aggregated with other misstatements, before consideration of any related controls.
- Control risk. The risk that a misstatement that could occur in an assertion about a class of transaction, account balance, or disclosure and that could be material, either individually or when aggregated with other misstatements, will not be prevented, or detected and corrected, on a timely basis by the entity's internal control.
Those charged with governance. The person(s) or organization(s) (for example, a corporate trustee) with responsibility for overseeing the strategic direction of the entity and the obligations related to the accountability of the entity. This includes overseeing the financial reporting process. Those charged with governance may include management personnel; for example, executive members of a governance board or an owner-manager.
Objectives of AU-C Section 200
AU-C Section 200.12...
