The Importance of Religion

Preface xi Acknowledgments xv Introduction: Religion and the Human Condition 1 Mediating Our Strange World 6 Theories of Religion 8 Religion and Religions 12 Defining Religion 14 The Argument 17 Alienation and the Human Condition 17 The Primacy of Perception and the System of Signs 23 The Invisible and the Transcendent 24 The Truths of Religion 26 Conclusion 27 Part One ACTION 1 Clearing the Ground 37 Reification: The Marxist Legacy 40 Rationalization: The Weberian Legacy 44 Knowledge and Action 46 Methodology 49 Conclusion 50 2 The Meaning of Religious Action 53 The Sociology of Religious Meaning 55 Meaning and Action 58 Moral Acts 60 Ritual and the Body 63 A Rite of Affliction 66 The Meaning of Sacrifice 69 A Phenomenology of Sacrifice 71 The Meanings of Death 73 Conclusion 74 3 The Inner Journey 80 Languages of Spirituality 83 The Spiritual Habitus 91 Conclusion 95 Part Two SPEECH 4 The Reception of the Text 101 Routes to the World of Life 102 Theories of the Text 106 The Reception of Sacred Texts 109 Sacred Text and Act 111 Conclusion 113 5 Tradition, Language, and the Self 115 Linguistic Universals 117 Linguistic Relativity 118 Language and Religious Experience 122 Language as a Model of Religion 125 Conclusion 127 6 Religion and Rationality 130 What is Rationality? 131 Rational Religious Communities 139 Rationality and Cosmology 141 Conclusion 146 Part Three WORLD 7 The Mystery of Complexity and Emergence 153 A History of Antagonism 155 Complexity and Constraint 159 The Ontology of Process 164 Conclusion 166 8 The Union of Nature and Imagination 171 Art and the Real 172 Cosmological Art 175 Pavel Florensky 177 Abhinavagupta 178 Secular Art 180 Re-Spiritualizing Art 182 Conclusion 185 9 Religion and Politics 189 Religion in the Public Sphere 190 The Secular Public Sphere 195 The Traditionalist View 197 Fundamentalism 200 The Religious Citizen 201 Conclusion 205 Summary 210 Epilogue 217 References 221 Index 237