Gram-Positive Pathogens

Dedication

Contributors

Preface

Section 1: The Gram-Positive Cell Wall Vincent A. Fischetti

1 The Gram-Positive Cell Wall Manfred Rohde 2 Surface Proteins on Gram-Positive Bacteria Vincent A. Fischetti Section 2: The Streptococcus Vincent A. Fischetti and Joseph J. Ferretti

Group A Streptococci 3 Intracellular Invasion by Streptococcus pyogenes: Invasins, Host Receptors, and Relevance to Human Disease Beinan Wang and P. Patrick Cleary 4 Capsular Polysaccharide of Group A Streptococci Michael Wessels 5 Toxins and Superantigens of Group A Streptococci Blake A. Shannon, John K. McCormick, and Patrick M. Schlievert 6 Genetics of Group A Streptococci Kyu Hong Cho, Gary Port, and Michael Caparon 7 Molecular Mimicry, Autoimmunity, and Infection: The Cross-Reactive Antigens of Group A Streptococci and Their Sequelae Madeline W. Cunningham 8 Extracellular Matrix Interactions with Gram-Positive Pathogens Sven Hammerschmidt, Manfred Rohde, and Klaus T. Preissner 9 Streptococcus-Mediated Host Cell Signaling Vijay Pancholi 10 Vaccine Approaches to Protect Against Group A Streptococcal Pharyngitis Vincent Fischetti 11 The Bacteriophages of Group A Streptococci W. Michael McShan 12 Molecular Epidemiology, Ecology, and Evolution of Group A Streptococci Debra E. Bessen, Pierre R. Smeesters, and Bernard W. Beall Group B Streptococci 13 Surface Structures of Group B Streptococci Important to Human Immunity Lawrence Paoletti and Dennis Kasper 14 Epidemiology of Group B Streptococcal Infections Vanessa N. Raabe and Andi L. Shane Group C and G Streptococci 15 Genetics and Pathogenicity Factors of Group C and G Streptococci Horst Malke 16 Pathogenicity Factors in Group C and G Streptococci Claire E. Turner, Laura Bubba, and Androulla Efstratiou 17 Infections Caused by Group C and G Streptococcus (Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis and Others): Epidemiological and Clinical Aspects Gio Baracco

Streptococcus pneumoniae 18 The Cell Wall of Streptococcus pneumoniae Waldemar Vollmer, Orietta Massidda, and Alexander Tomasz 19 Streptococcus pneumoniae Capsular Polysaccharide James Paton and Judy Morona 20 Streptococcus pneumoniae: Invasion and Inflammation Allister J. Loughran, Carlos J. Orihuela, and Elaine I. Tuomanen 21 Phase Variation of Streptococcus pneumoniae Jing Li and Jing-Ren Zhang 22 Genetics of Streptococcus pneumoniae Francesco Santoro, Francesco Iannelli, and Gianni Pozzi 23 Pneumococcal Vaccines David E. Briles, James C. Paton, Reshmi Mukerji, Edward Swiatlo, and Marilyn J. Crain Enterococci 24 Pathogenicity of Enterococci Elizabeth M. Selleck, Daria Van Tyne, and Michael S. Gilmore 25 Enterococcal Genetics Keith E. Weaver Oral Streptococci 26 Biology of Oral Streptococci J. Abranches, L. Zeng, J. K. Kajfasz, S. R. Palmer, B. Chakraborty, Z. T. Wen, V. P. Richards, L. J. Brady, and J. A. Lemos 27 The Biology of Streptococcus mutans J. A. Lemos

28 Genetics of Sanguinis-Group Streptococci in Health and Disease Angela Nobbs and Jens Kreth Lactococci 29 Genetics of Lactococci Philippe Gaudu, Yuji Yamamoto, Peter Ruhdal Jensen, Karin Hammer, Delphine Lechardeur, and Alexandra Gruss Section 3: The Staphylococcus Richard P. Novick 30 The Evolving Genome Jodi Lindsay

31 Plasmids and Transposable and Integrative Elements Neville Firth, Slade O. Jensen, Stephen M. Kwong, Ronald A. Skurray, and Joshua P. Ramsay 32 Temperate Phages of Staphylococcus aureus Hanne Ingmer, David Gerlach, and Christine Wolz 33 Pathogenicity Islands and Their Role in Staphylococcal Biology Richard Novick 34 Respiration and Small Colony Variants of Staphylococcus aureus Richard Proctor 35 Noncoding RNA Emma Desgranges, Stefano Marzi, Karen Moreau, Pascale Romby, and Isabelle Caldelari 36 The Staphylococcal Cell Wall Rita Sobral and Alexander Tomasz 37 Staphylococcal Protein Secretion and Envelope Assembly Olaf Schneewind and Dominique M. Missiakas 38 Surface Proteins Required for Adhesion and Invasion Timothy J. Foster 39 Immune Evasion by Staphylococcus aureus Nienke W. M. de Jong, Kok P. M. van Kessel, and Jos A. G. van Strijp 40 Staphylococcus aureus Secreted Toxins and Extracellular Enzymes Victor J. Torres 41 Regulation of Staphylococcus aureus Virulence Christian Jenul and Alexander R. Horswill 42 Virulence and Metabolism Anthony R. Richardson 43 Staphylococcal Biofilms Michael Otto 44 Fulminant Staphylococcal Infections Yves Gillet, Thomas Henry, and Françios Vandenesch 45 Staphylococcus aureus Colonization of the Human Nose and Interaction with Other Microbiome Members Claudia Laux, Andreas Peschel, and Bernhard Krismer 46 Staphylococcus aureus in Animals Andreas F. Haag, J. Ross Fitzgerald, and José R. Penadés 47 Antibiotic Resistance and the MRSA Problem Martin Vestergaard, Dorte Frees, and Hanne Ingmer 48 Immunity to Staphylococcus aureus: Implications for Vaccine Development Richard A. Proctor 49 Nonconventional Therapeutics Against Staphylococcus aureus Eric Skaar Section 4: The Listeriae Daniel A. Portnoy

50 Epidemiology and Clinical Manifestations of Listeria monocytogenes Infection Walter F. Schlech III 51 Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses during Listeria monocytogenes Infection Sarah E.F. D'Orazio 52 Regulation of Listeria monocytogenes Virulence Jörgen Johannson and Nancy E. Freitag 53 The Cell Biology of Invasion and Intracellular Growth by Listeria monocytogenes Javier Pizarro-Cerdá and Pascale Cossart 54 Metabolism of the Gram-Positive Bacterial Pathogen Listeria monocytogenes John-Demian Sauer, Anat A. Herskovits, and Mary X. D. O'Riordan Section 5: Spore-Forming Pathogens Julian I. Rood

55 The Bacillus cereus Group: Bacillus Species with Pathogenic Potential Monika Ehling-Sculz, Theresa M. Koehler, and Didier Lereclus 56 Sporulation and Germination in Clostridial Pathogens Aimee Shen, Adrianne N. Edwards, Mahfuzur R. Sarker, and Daniel Paredes-Sabja 57 Clostridial Genetics: Genetic Manipulation of the Pathogenic Clostridia Sarah A. Kuehne, Julian I. Rood, and Dena Lyras 58 Genomics of the Pathogenic Clostridia Robert J. Moore and Jake A. Lacey 59 Virulence Plasmids of the Pathogenic Clostridia Sarah A. Revitt-Mills, Callum J. Vidor, Thomas D. Watts, Dena Lyras, Julian I. Rood, and Vicki Adams 60 Enterotoxic Clostridia: Clostridium perfringens Enteric Diseases Archana Shrestha, Francisco A. Uzal, and Bruce A. McClane 61 Enterotoxic Clostridia: Clostridioides difficile Infections S. Mileto, A. Das, and Dena Lyras 62 Histotoxic Clostridial Infections Mashahiro Nagahama, Masaya Takehara, and Julian I. Rood 63 Neurotoxigenic Clostridia Eric A. Johnson Section 6: Mycobacteria and Corynebacteria Miriam Braunstein

64 Mycobacteriophages Graham F. Hatfull 65 Immunology of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infections Jonathan Kevin Sia and Jyothi Rengarajan 66 Unraveling the Structure of the Mycobacterial Envelope Mamadou Daffé and Hedia Marrakchi

67 The Dream of a Mycobacterium Catherine Baranowski, E. Hesper Rego, and Eric J. Rubin 68 Mycobacterium tuberculosis Metabolism Gabriel T. Mashabela1, Timothy J. de Wet, and Digby F. Warner

69 Protein Export Into and Across the Atypical Diderm Cell Envelope of Mycobacteria Vincent J.C. van Winden, Edith N.G. Houben, and Miriam Braunstein 70 Corynebacterium diphtheriae: Iron-Mediated Activation of dtxR and Regulation of Diphtheria Toxin Expression Sadiya Parveen, William R. Bishai, and John R. Murphy Index