Numerical and Computer Methods in Structural Mechanics

¿List of ContributorsPrefacePart I. Finite Elements-Fundamentals Variational Procedures and Convergence of Finite-Element Methods References Isoparametric and Allied Numerically Integrated Elements-A Review 1. Introduction 2. Basic Principles of Shape Function (Interpolation) Mapping 3. Uniqueness of Mapping 4. Iso-, Sub-, and Superparametric Elements 5. Evaluation of Element Properties in Curvilinear Coordinates 6. Required Accuracy of Numerical Integration 7. Some Useful Elements for Two- and Three-Dimensional Analysis 8. Degeneration of Quadrilateral or Brick Elements 9. Computation Efficiency of Numerical Integration 10. Practical Examples and Stress Computation 11. Shells and Plates as Limiting Cases of Three-Dimensional Analysis 12. Applications to Nonlinear Analysis 13. Concluding Remarks-Other Uses of Mapping References Incompatible Displacement Models 1. Introduction 2. Source of Errors 3. Addition of Incompatible Modes for Two-Dimensional Isoparametric Elements 4. Three-Dimensional Elements 5. Thick Shell Element 6. Thick Shell Examples References Hybrid Models 1. Introduction 2. Formulation of Hybrid Stress Model 3. Features of Hybrid Stress Model 4. Hybrid Displacement Models 5. Conclusion References Computer Implementation of the Finite-Element Procedure 1. Introduction 2. Prerequisites 3. Solution Methods for the Load-Deflection Equations 4. Incorporation of Different Finite-Element Types 5. Modular Design 6. Problem Description and Representation of the Results ReferencesPart II. Critical Review of General-Purpose Structural Mechanics Programs Review of the ASKA Program 1. Introduction 2. General Information 3. Element Library 4. Preparation of an ASKA Job 5. Special Features in ASKA 6. Dynamic Analysis 7. Problems Solved with ASKA 8. Concluding Remarks References A Critical View of NASTRAN 1. Introduction 2. History of NASTRAN 3. Boeing Evaluation Project 4. Analytic Capability 5. Element Technology 6. Numerical Methods 7. Ease of Use 8. Problem Size 9. Performance 10. Design Criteria 11. Maintainability 12. Conclusion Appendix A. Future NASTRAN Developments Appendix B. Examples of Analysis References The DAISY Code 1. Introduction 2. Some Features of DAISY 3. Lockheed's Development of DAISY 4. Some Examples of Problems Solved with DAISY 5. Future Plans An Evaluation of the STARDYNE System 1. Introduction 2. STARDYNE 3. Examples of Problems Solved 4. Performance 5. Conclusions Analysis and Design Capabilities of STRUDL Program 1. Introduction 2. Definition of the Problem 3. Analysis Facilities 4. Design Facilities 5. Save/Restore and Graphic/Output 6. Maintenance, Improvements, and Implementation 7. Machine Configuration 8. Computer Cost 9. Conclusion References Elastic-Plastic and Creep Analysis via the MARC Finite-Element Computer Program 1. Introduction 2. Example 1-Plasticity Analysis 3. Example 2-Primary Creep Analysis 4. Other Examples 5. The Merits of MARC 6. Conclusions ReferencesPart III. Finite Difference/Finite Elements-A Merging of Forces A Survey of Finite-Difference Methods for Partial Differential Equations 1. Introduction 2. General Discussion 3.