
Systems Engineering Approach to Medical Automation
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Content
- Systems Engineering Approach to Medical Automation
- Contents
- Preface
- Chapter 1: Introduction to Medical Automation
- 1.1 Introduction
- 1.2 The Need for Improved Process Management in Medicine
- 1.3 Knowledge Empowers Automation
- 1.4 Personalization of Medicine Enabled by Technology
- 1.5 Applications of Automation
- 1.5.1 Bar Coding, RFID, and Wireless Tracking
- 1.6 Summary and Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 2: Human Factors Issues with Automation
- 2.1 Human Factors
- 2.2 Human Factors in Healthcare
- 2.3 Automation
- 2.3.1 Advantages of Automation
- 2.3.2 Disadvantages of Automation
- 2.4 Creating More Effective Automation
- 2.5 Adaptive Automation
- 2.6 Conclusion
- References
- Selected Bibliography
- Chapter 3: Mathematical Modeling for Medical Automation
- 3.1 Introduction
- 3.1.1 Medical Automation
- 3.1.2 Modeling and Automation
- 3.2 Mathematical Modeling
- 3.2.1 Basic Approaches for Model Creation
- 3.2.2 Mathematical Modeling Techniques for Automation
- 3.3 Applications of Mathematical Modeling in Medical Automation
- 3.3.1 Modeling of Medical Robotics
- 3.3.2 Dynamics Modeling of Neutrophils Production from Stem Cells
- 3.3.3 Modeling of Biological Immune System
- 3.4 Discussion and Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 4: Contact Dynamic Simulation of Micro-/Nanoscale Manipulation for Medical Applications
- 4.1 Introduction
- 4.2 Modeling of Nanoscale System Dynamics
- 4.3 Modeling of Individual Forces
- 4.3.1 Van der Waals Force
- 4.3.2 Electrostatic Force
- 4.3.3 Contact Force
- 4.3.4 Sliding Friction Force
- 4.3.5 Rolling Friction Moment
- 4.4 Numerical Simulation
- 4.5 Simulation of the Manipulation of Stem Cell Inner Mass
- 4.6 Concluding Remarks
- References
- Chapter 5: Modeling and Mathematical Analysis of Swarms of Microscopic Robots for Medical Diagnostics
- 5.1 Microscopic Robots
- 5.2 Evaluating Collective Robot Performance
- 5.3 Modeling Behavior of Microscopic Robots
- 5.3.1 Fluid Flow and Geometry
- 5.3.2 Chemical Sensing
- 5.4 Task Scenario
- 5.4.1 Example Task Environment
- 5.4.2 Diffusion of Robots and Chemicals
- 5.4.3 Control
- 5.4.4 Analysis of Behavior
- 5.4.5 Detection Performance
- 5.5 Discussion
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Chapter 6: Medical and Biometric Identification for Pattern Recognition and Data Fusion with Quantitative Measuring
- 6.1 Introduction
- 6.2 Overview of Practical Approaches
- 6.2.1 Principal Component Analysis
- 6.2.2 Nonlinear Component Analysis
- 6.2.3 Independent Component Analysis
- 6.2.4 2-D Discrete Wavelet Transform
- 6.2.5 Image Processing Background [1, 5]
- 6.2.6 Image Registration Models
- 6.2.7 Area-Based Intramodality Registration: Cross Correlation and FourierTransform [29-36]
- 6.2.8 Feature-Based Multimodality Registration [26-28]
- 6.2.9 Image Fusion
- 6.3 Practical Implementation of Medical and Biometric System Identification
- 6.3.1 Linear and Nonlinear Component Analysis Approach
- 6.3.2 Independent Component Analysis Approach
- 6.3.3 2-D Discrete Wavelet Transform Approach
- 6.3.4 Intramodality Area-Based Registration and Fusion
- 6.3.5 Multimodality Feature-Based Image Registration
- 6.3.6 Optimal Fusion Based on Common Pixel Count Maximization
- References
- Chapter 7: Lab-on-a-Chip Automation of Laboratory Diagnostics: Lipoprotein Subclass Separation Automation
- 7.1 Introduction
- 7.2 Lipoprotein Subclass Assay
- 7.2.1 Classifications and Functions of Serum Lipoproteins
- 7.2.2 Cardiovascular Diseases Diagnosis
- 7.2.3 Current Technologies of Lipoprotein Subclass Assay
- 7.3 Lab-on-a-Chip Bio-Analyzer for HDL and LDL Subclass Separation
- 7.4 Automated Lipoprotein Subclass Separation
- 7.4.1 Robotic Liquid Handling for Sample Preparation
- 7.4.2 Software Automation
- 7.5 Experimental Results
- 7.5.1 Lab-on-a-Chip Assay of HDL Subclasses
- 7.5.2 Quantification of Total HDL Concentration
- 7.6 Discussion and Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 8: Clinical Laboratory Automation
- 8.1 Definition of Laboratory Automation
- 8.2 History of Clinical Laboratory Automation
- 8.2.1 Specimen Labeling
- 8.3 Definitions
- 8.3.1 Workstation
- 8.3.3 Total Laboratory Automation
- 8.3.2 Workcells
- 8.4 Pediatric Samples
- 8.5 Process Control
- 8.6 Automated Clinical Laboratory Efficiency and Quality Programs
- 8.7 Automated Centrifugation
- 8.8 Automated Decapping and Recapping
- 8.9 Automated Storage and Retrieval
- 8.10 Automated Aliquotting
- 8.11 Mobile Robotics
- 8.12 Point-of-Care Automation
- 8.13 System Integration
- 8.14 Summary and Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 9: Pharmacy Automation Technologies
- 9.1 Background
- 9.2 Technology and Automation: Hospitals
- 9.3 Effect of Automation on Efficiency in Hospitals
- 9.4 Effect of Automation on Medication Errors in Hospitals
- 9.5 Medication Administration Errors in Hospitals
- 9.6 Technology and Automation: Community Pharmacy
- 9.7 Effect of Automation on Dispensing Errors: Community Pharmacy
- 9.8 Examples of Problems with Automation That Can Affect Medication Safety
- 9.9 Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 10: Automation Technologies in the Operating Room
- 10.1 Introduction
- 10.2 Prosthetic Hip Surgery
- 10.3 AESOP
- 10.4 HERMES OR Control Center
- 10.5 Zeus
- 10.6 da Vinci
- 10.7 RP-7
- 10.8 The Future
- References
- Chapter 11: Health Care Supply Chain Automation
- 11.1 Introduction
- 11.2 Rationale for Healthcare Supply Chain Automation
- 11.3 History of Supply Chain Automation Technologies in Health Care
- 11.4 Supply Chain Automation Implementation
- 11.5 Future Possibilities
- References
- Chapter 12: Process Management Using Information Systems: Principles and Systems
- 12.1 Introduction
- 12.2 Process Management and Control: Definitions
- 12.2.1 Process and Business Process
- 12.2.2 Process Management
- 12.2.3 Workflow, Workflow Management, and Workflow ManagementSystem
- 12.2.4 Resources
- 12.3 System Architecture
- 12.4 Scheduling Workflow in Real Time
- 12.4.1 Introduction
- 12.4.2 Scheduling
- 12.5 Usable Software Languages
- 12.5.1 Platforms
- 12.5.2 Databases
- 12.5.3 Audit Trails
- Selected Bibliography
- Chapter 13: Telehealth and Telemedicine Technologies: Overview, Benefits, and Implications
- 13.1 Introduction
- 13.2 Status of and Implications for Rural Healthcare in America
- 13.3 Implications for Urban Healthcare
- 13.4 Correctional Populations
- 13.5 Serving the Elderly
- 13.6 Challenges to Telehealth: Reimbursement
- 13.7 Home Telehealth
- 13.8 Requirements for Telehealth Technologies
- 13.8.1 Acceptance and Usability of Advanced Technologies
- 13.8.2 Standardization and Interoperability
- 13.8.3 Backend IT Systems (EMR, EHR, PHR)
- 13.9 Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 14: Automated In-Home Patient Monitoring: Geriatric Care Application
- 14.1 Introduction
- 14.2 Model for Care Enabled by Ambient Intelligence
- 14.3 Requirements for Success
- 14.4 Example Passive Monitoring Systems
- 14.4.1 Activity Monitoring System
- 14.4.2 Passive In-Bed Vital Signs Monitor
- 14.4.3 Passive Floor Vibration-Based Fall Detector and Gait Monitor
- 14.4.5 Instrumented Walker for the Passive Monitoring of Gait and Balance
- 14.4.6 Summary of Field Pilot Results
- 14.5 Related Work
- 14.6 Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 15: Connected Medicine
- 15.1 Introduction
- 15.2 Applications
- 15.2.1 Expert Knowledge: Web Sites
- 15.2.2 Self-Help
- 15.2.3 SMS
- 15.2.4 Measuring Device Linked by PHA to Expert Systems
- 15.2.5 Medical Data on a SIM Card
- 15.2.6 Exercise and Rehabilitation
- 15.2.7 Links to Nutrition Information Expert Knowledge Systems
- 15.2.8 Epilepsy Alert
- 15.2.9 Body-Worn Sensors
- References
- Chapter 16: Information Technology Networks, Data Management, and Electronic Medical Records
- 16.1 Introduction
- 16.2 IT Networks for Medical Information Management
- 16.2.1 Online Medical Records Systems
- 16.2.2 Health IT Networks for the Private Practice
- 16.2.3 Picture Archiving Communications Systems
- 16.2.4 Assessing the Implementation Success and Maturity of Health IT Networks
- 16.2.5 Network Architectures
- 16.2.6 Bandwidth Requirements
- 16.2.7 Protocols
- 16.2.8 Security Considerations
- 16.2.9 Network Management
- 16.2.10 Storage Management
- 16.3 Data Management
- 16.3.1 Introduction
- 16.3.2 Architecture for Data Management
- 16.3.3 The Master Patient Index
- 16.3.4 Data Management Functions
- 16.3.5 Design Considerations
- 16.4 Electronic Medical Records
- 16.4.1 Introduction
- 16.4.2 Interoperability
- 16.4.3 Medical Terminology
- 16.4.4 Classification Systems
- 16.4.5 Health Level 7 (HL7) Standards for EMR/EHR
- 16.4.6 Longitudinal EHR
- 16.4.7 Web Services Standards
- 16.4.8 EMR/EHR Privacy and Security
- 16.4.9 The Personal Health Record
- 16.5 The Nationwide Health Information Network in the United States
- 16.5.1 Advantages of the NHIN
- 16.5.2 Implementing the NHIN: Implications for Healthcare IT
- References
- About the Editors
- List of Contributors
- Index
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