
Geographic Perspectives on Disaster Risk Management
Description
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A holistic view of geospatial data and analysis across the risk management lifecycle
Geospatial data and analytical tools are widely used for disaster management, insurance, humanitarian response, and defence-yet methodologies remain siloed. Geographic Perspectives on Disaster Risk Management, written by a team of experienced practitioners in catastrophe risk analytics and geospatial studies, connects these sectors by comparing approaches, identifying common challenges, and distilling cross-sector best practices for preparation, response, recovery, and mitigation.
Structured around the disaster risk cycle, the book addresses exposure and vulnerability mapping, risk preparedness and mitigation strategies, event monitoring, damage assessment, resilience building, and risk communication. It draws on data sources ranging from local traffic cameras to geostationary satellites and includes case studies illustrating real-world applications alongside outcome-based evaluations of current practices and future developments in disaster risk assessment.
Readers will also find:
- Cross-sector comparison of methodologies from international development, emergency response, insurance, defence, and commercial geospatial analytics
- Practical case studies demonstrating real-world challenges and solutions in disaster preparation, monitoring, damage assessment, and recovery operations
- Outcome-based evaluation of common approaches to emergency risk management, identifying strengths and limitations of current practice
- Coverage of future developments in data availability, analytical techniques, and climate risk assessment relevant to evolving environmental uncertainty
- Guidance on risk communication and decision-making frameworks that translate geospatial analysis into actionable operational and financial strategies
Designed for professionals in disaster management, emergency response, and the insurance industry, as well as researchers and advanced students in the geosciences, this book provides a structured, practice-oriented resource for applying geographic perspectives to quantify, communicate, and reduce disaster risk across sectors.
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Persons
CHRIS EWING is Head of Business Development for Impact Forecasting, the catastrophe model development centre of Aon. He has 20 years' experience across risk management, (re)insurance, engineering, and humanitarian sectors. He holds a BSc in Physical Geography and an MSc in Geographical Information Science. Chris is a Chartered Geographer (GIS) from the Royal Geographical Society and a co-founder and Chair of the Disaster Risk Management Professional Practice Group.
MATTHEW FOOTE has over 30 years' experience in insurance, disaster risk financing, cartography, earth observation, and catastrophe risk analytics. He serves as UK Principal Representative to the GEO Programme Board and was the first chair of the GRMA Strategic Advisory Board. He is a fellow of the Royal Geographical Society and a co-founder of its Disaster Risk Management Professional Practice Group.
WILLIAM FORDE is a specialist in geospatial analytics and catastrophe risk. Drawing on senior leadership experience at global consulting firms and a leading GIS vendor, he helps insurers and regulators translate complex data into actionable insights for hazard management and resilience. He holds an MSc in Remote Sensing and a BA in Anthropology and Geogaphy from University College London and is a Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society, where he co-founded its Disaster Risk Management Professional Practice Group.
TINA THOMSON, PHD, has held senior leadership roles in analytics, research, and digital solutions spanning a career across Catastrophe Model Vendors, Property & Casualty Insurance, Reinsurance, and Reinsurance Brokers. Tina is passionate about the application of scientific concepts, emerging industry trends and new technologies. She holds a PhD in Geomatic Engineering from University College London. She is a Fellow of the Remote Sensing and Photogrammetry Society and a Chartered Geographer with the Royal Geographical Society, where she co-founded the Professional Practice Group for Disaster Risk Management.
Content
Editors xv
List of Contributors xvii
Contributors and Acknowledgements xxix
Foreword xxxi
Preface: Geography Underpins Disaster Risk Management xxxiii
1 Defining Characteristics of Assets for Risk Assessment - Exposure and Vulnerability 1
Anirudh Rao, Catalina Yepes- Estrada, and Vitor Silva
2 Common Approaches to Exposure and Vulnerability Data Across Risk Management Sectors 25
Charles Huyck, Marina Mendoza, and Melisa Huyck
3 Innovations in Spatial Exposure Modelling for Public Sector Disaster Risk Practitioners 49
Rashmin Gunasekera, Harriette Stone, Antonios Pomonis, James Daniell, Gonzalo Pita, and Bramka Jafino
4 Geographic Nature of Hazard and Risk 81
Michal Lörinc
5 Disaster Risk Reduction, Risk Mitigation 105
Stuart Fraser and Thaisa Comelli
6 Insurance and Risk Transfer Mechanisms 127
Chris Ewing and Alec Wild
7 Disaster Preparedness in Fragile, Conflict- and Violence-Affected Humanitarian Settings 161
Madeline Ewbank, Laura E.R. Peters, Juliane Schillinger, Liesa Sauerhammer, Cornelia Scholz, Catalina Jaime, Tesse de Boer, and Simphiwe Laura Stewart
8 Event Response: Mobilisation and Logistics 185
Claire Byrne, Samir Gandhi, Mark Gillick, Edith Lendak, Naomi Morris, Claudia Offner, Matt Pennells, and Matthew Sims
9 Real-Time Monitoring and Communication 225
Richard Teeuw
10 Damage Assessment 251
David Heathcote
11 Long-Term Resilience: Recovery Finance and Implementations of Lessons Learned 271
Alastair Norris and Claire Souch
12 Data Accuracy and Requirements: 'What Data Are Appropriate?' 297
Alec Wild, Heather Craig, James Knight, Charles Lan, Ryan Paulik, Liam Wotherspoon, and Conrad Zorn
13 Communicating Uncertainty 329
Giacomo Favaron
14 Reporting and Decision-Making 363
Kelvin Wong
15 Wrapping Up and Looking Ahead 385
Chris Ewing, Matthew Foote, William Forde, and Tina Thomson
Glossary 397
Index 409
List of Contributors
The following practitioners and academics contributed to this book. For volunteering your time and sharing your expertise, we thank you.
Contributor Section(s) Biography Anirudh Rao 1 Anirudh Rao is a Senior Seismic Risk Modeller at the Global Earthquake Model (GEM) Foundation in Pavia, Italy. At GEM, Anirudh works on the development and validation of earthquake risk models, as well as on the architecture and scientific testing of the risk calculators of the OpenQuake engine. He has experience working in several countries worldwide in collaboration with universities, local and national governmental institutions, private sector engineering and (re)insurance companies, and multilateral agencies such as UNDRR, the World Bank and the Asian Development Bank, towards more robust earthquake risk assessment and risk-informed decision-making. Anirudh obtained his BTech (2008) in Civil Engineering at the Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay (IIT-B). He earned his MS in Structural Engineering (2010) and PhD in Earthquake Engineering (2014) at Stanford University. Catalina Yepes 1 Catalina Yepes Estrada is a Senior Seismic Risk Modeller at the Global Earthquake Model (GEM) Foundation in Pavia, Italy. At GEM, Catalina is involved in developing, maintaining and testing GEM's Global Exposure Model, Global Risk Model and the OpenQuake engine. With her experience working across multiple countries, Catalina has led several national and international projects related to earthquake risk assessment, seismic risk mitigation and facilitating risk-informed decision-making processes. She holds a Bachelor's degree in Civil Engineering (2008) and a Master's degree in Structural Engineering (2009) from the National University of Colombia. Additionally, she completed her Master's degree in Earthquake Engineering and Seismology at the University of Pavia, Italy (ROSE School, 2013). Vitor Silva 1 Vitor Silva is the Head of Risk Engineering at the Global Earthquake Model (GEM) Foundation and a Principal Investigator at the University of Aveiro. He leads studies in structural vulnerability and probabilistic seismic risk assessment in dozens of countries, and participates in a multitude of international, European and regional projects. His research covers the assessment of earthquake impact at the global scale, incorporation of the temporal component in earthquake risk and exploration of machine learning technology in the assessment of earthquake hazard, vulnerability and exposure. He has authored more than 100 publications in international peer-reviewed journals and conference proceedings and was the recipient of the Shah Family Innovation Award by the Earthquake Engineering Research Institute in 2018, the Natural Hazards Division Outstanding Early Career Scientist Award by the European Geosciences Union in 2020 and Earthquake Spectra Outstanding Paper Award in 2021. Charles K Huyck 2 Charles K. Huyck is a geographer with over 30 years of experience integrating geospatial technologies into multi-hazard risk assessment frameworks to protect people, infrastructure and economies worldwide. Since co-founding ImageCat in 2000, he has led a team of engineers, scientists and programmers to pioneer new approaches to assess risk. Marina Mendoza 2 Dr. Marina T. Mendoza is a civil engineer and urban planner at ImageCat with over a decade of experience in disaster risk management for floods, wildfires, earthquakes and other hazards. She has contributed to national climate adaptation plans, developed vulnerability indices and participated in the creation of tools to model economic disruption and recovery following natural hazards. Christophe Christianen 1 Christophe Christianen leads a research programme on 'spatial finance' at the University of Oxford, leveraging geospatial technologies and data science for applications in sustainable finance. Christophe has a background in finance, engineering and environmental economics and experience in translating academic sustainability insights into practice. Rashmin Gunasekera 3 Rashmin Gunasekera is a Senior Disaster Risk Management Specialist working at the World Bank and the Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR) in Washington, DC. Rashmin has over 20 years of work experience in disaster risk quantification, extending to the public sector, re/insurance industry and academia. He has also presented and published innovative research and operations papers on Disaster Risk Management, and some have revolutionised the World Bank's disaster response strategy and fast-tracked post-disaster emergency operations. He currently holds an honorary lectureship at University College London (UCL) and has an MPhil in GIS and Remote Sensing (University of Cambridge, UK) and a PhD in earthquake seismology (University of Durham, UK). Harriette Stone 3 Harriette Stone is a chartered civil engineer with specialisms in disaster risk management and resilient infrastructure. She currently works as a Senior Disaster Risk Management Consultant at GFDRR and with the Coalition for Disaster Resilient Infrastructure and has previously worked at the Department for International Development of the UK Government and at Arup. She holds an Engineering Doctorate and a Master of Research from University College London, a Master of Sciences in Structural Engineering from the University of Surrey, and a Bachelor of Engineering (Hons) from the University of Exeter. Antonis Pomonis 3 Antonios Pomonis is a structural engineer with an MSc in Earthquake Engineering (Hokkaido University, Japan, 1987). His career of over 35 years includes time as a Research Associate at the University of Cambridge, as the Chairman of the Earthquake Engineering Field Investigation Team (Institution of Structural Engineers, UK), as a director of Cambridge Architectural Research Ltd and as a project manager of the Global Earthquake Model's Earthquake Consequences database (GEMECD). Since 2013, he has been consulting with the World Bank on natural hazard risk modelling, exposure and vulnerability of the built environment and rapid post-disaster damage assessments. James Daniell 3 James Daniell is a civil/structural engineer, geophysicist and geologist, specialising for nearly two decades in global stochastic and real-time financial, social and environmental risk modelling and software packages for insurance, companies and governments; as well as global data analytics, historic data, exposure, engineering and socioeconomic models. He currently works on global projects as a Lead Disaster Risk Management consultant with the World Bank GFDRR and as a founder and CEO (Analytics) at Risklayer GmbH, a risk modelling company based out of Karlsruhe, Germany. He holds a doctoral degree (Dr.-Ing) in Engineering from KIT in Germany where he is also a research scientist, a Master's degree in Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Seismology from UJF Grenoble in France and University of Pavia in Italy and an Honours in Civil/Structural Engineering and a BSc (Geology/Geophysics) from the University of Adelaide in Australia, where he is also a Professor (adjunct). Bramka Arga Jafino 3 Bramka Arga Jafino is a Disaster Risk Management (DRM) Specialist working for the Infrastructure Resilience Policy and Finance Unit for the South Asia Region at the World Bank. Bramka supports DRM investment lending and operations in Bangladesh and Bhutan, focusing on coastal and flood resilience, multi-hazard decision support system and refugee crisis responses. Bramka also supports global analytics with the Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR), particularly looking at socio-economic resilience to disasters. He holds a Doctor of Philosophy and a Master's degree in Engineering and Policy Analysis from Delft University of Technology. Before joining the World Bank, Bramka worked as an advisor for flood and infrastructure impact assessment at Deltares, the Netherlands. Gonzalo F. Pita Gonzalo F. Pita is a faculty lead and director of the MSc in Systems Engineering at the Department of Civil and Systems Engineering, Johns Hopkins University. He is also a senior consultant at the World Bank at Washington, DC. His work is on disaster risk management and risk-based asset management systems. He holds a BS in Civil Engineering from the Universidad Tecnológica Nacional; an MS in Structural Dynamics, from the Universidad Nacional de Cordoba; and a PhD in Natural Risk Modelling from Florida Institute of Technology. Michal Lörinc 4 Michal Lörinc leads the Catastrophe Insight team at Aon Impact Forecasting, a team of experts that works towards a better understanding of both long-term and real-time impacts of natural disasters. One of the responsibilities is managing the Automated Event Response solutions, which couple...System requirements
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