
Transmission Line Design Manual
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Content
- Intro
- Contents
- Part 1: Theoretical Framework
- Chapter 1
- Electrical Calculation of Lines
- 1.1. General Comments
- Chapter 2
- Mechanical Calculation of Conductors
- 2.1. Introduction
- 2.1.1. Flexible Cables
- 2.1.2. Cables with Concentrated Loads
- 2.1.3. Cables with Uniformly Distributed Loads
- Suspension Bridges
- Determination of , - . and , - .
- Parabola Length
- 2.1.4. Parabolic Cable with Anchors at Different Heights
- Lowest Point Traction and Maximum Traction ,, - . , - ..
- 2.1.5. Cables Subjected to Their Own Weight (Catenary)
- 2.1.6. Notation for the Mechanical Calculation of Overhead Power Lines
- 2.1.7. Condition Change Equation
- 2.1.7.1. Initial Conditions
- 1.1.7.2. Final Conditions
- 2.2. Overloads on Bare Conductors: Wind Pressure and Weight of the Ice Sleeve
- 2.2.1. Wind Overload
- 2.2.2. Ice Overload
- 2.2.3. Combined Wind and Ice Overload
- 2.3. Dynamic Limit Tensioning (CHS) or Cold Hour Tensioning
- 2.4. Maximum Permissible Deflection and Maximum Permissible Span
- 2.4.1. Maximum Arrow
- a) Wind Hypothesis
- b) Temperature Hypothesis
- c) Ice Hypothesis
- 2.4.2. Maximum Span
- 2.5. Safety Distances
- 2.5.1. Distance of Drivers to the Terrain, Paths and Non-Navigable Courses
- 2.5.2. Distance between Conductors
- 2.5.3. Distance between Conductors and Earthed Parts
- 2.6. Expressions for the Calculation of High Voltage Overhead Lines
- 2.6.1. Relationship between the Voltage at the Mid-Point and at the Driver's Lashing Points
- 2.6.2. Relationship between Mid-Point Stress and Horizontal Stress
- 2.6.3. 2nd Relationship between the Voltage at the Mid-Point and at the Driver's Lashing Points
- 2.6.4. Estimation of Dynamic wind Pressure According to Wind Speed
- 2.6.5. Equation for Change of Conditions in a Line (ECC)
- 2.6.6. CCP Constants
- 2.6.7. General Equation for Calculating Catenary Deflection
- 2.6.8. Catenary Parameter
- 2.6.9. Midpoint Abscissa by Catenary
- 2.6.10. Equation for Calculating Catenary Deflection: Level Spans ,, - .= .
- 2.6.11. Serial Development of Cosh and Senh
- 2.6.12. Equation for Calculating the Arrow by Parabola Approximation. SPANS at Level
- 2.6.13. Equation for Calculating the Arrow by parAbola Approximation. Inclined Spans. Approximation of Truxá
- 2.6.14. Equation for Calculating the Arrow by Parabola Approximation. Very Long and/or Inclined Spans. Approximation of Truxá
- 2.6.15. Midpoint Abscissa by Parabola
- 2.6.16. Relationship between the Abscissa of the Feet of Support, the Projected Length of the Span and the Abscissa of the Midpoint of the Span
- 2.6.17. Catenary Equation
- 2.6.18. Length of the Catenary arc between Points V and X
- 2.6.19. Stress at an X Point on the Curve (Tangent at that Point to it)
- 2.6.20. Relationship between the Stresses at the Support Mooring Points
- 2.6.21. Weight of the Catenary arc between Points V and X, and Total Weight of the Conductor Lying between the Supports
- 2.6.22. Relationship between the Voltage at Vertex Point V, between the Voltage at One of the MOORING points (Support B) and the Weight of the Arc between V and that Point
- 2.6.23. Equation of the Cable Curve by Parabola Approach
- 2.6.24. Cable Length by Parabola Approach
- 2.6.25. Vertical Weights due to Conductors on Supports in Zone A
- 2.6.26. Vertical Weights due to Conductors on Supports in Zones B and C
- 2.6.27. Regulation Span for Level Span Assumptions
- 2.6.28. Adjustment Span for Assumed Uneven Spans
- 2.6.29. Relationship between Span Arrow and That of the Regulation Span for Span Assumptions at the Level
- 2.6.30. Relationship between Span Arrow and the Regulation Span for Inclined Spans
- Chapter 3
- Calculation of Foundations
- 3.1. Foundations for Alignment Supports
- 3.2. Height of the Support
- Chapter 4
- Design, Calculation and Verification of Grounding Systems
- 4.1. Introduction
- 4.2. Soil Characteristics
- 4.3. Maximum Earthing Currents
- 4.4. Preliminary Grounding Design
- 4.5. Calculation of the Resistance of the Earthing System
- 4.6. Calculation of Step and Contact Voltages
- 4.7. Check That the Pitch and Contact Voltages Are Below the Maximum Values
- 4.8. Voltages Transferable to the Outside
- 4.9. Correction and Adjustment of the Initial Design Using Additional Measures
- 4.10. On-Site Checks and Verifications after Completion of the Installation
- Part 2: Proposed Exercises
- Chapter 5
- Electrical Calculation of Lines
- Proposed Exercises
- Exercise 1.1. MV Insulated Cable Selection by Rated Voltage , - ./
- Exercise 1.2. Selection of Insulated MV Cable by Short-Circuit Criterion
- Exercise 1.3. Design for Load REGIME and Short Circuit of Insulated Cable for an MV Network
- Exercise 1.4. Selection of Insulator Chain for Overhead Line AT
- Exercise 1.5. Design by Conductor Load Regime for HV Overhead Line
- Exercise 1.6. Induction and Capability in Single Circuit Overhead line Design
- Exercise 1.7. Induction and Capacity in Dual Circuit Overhead Line Design
- Exercise 1.8. The Corona Effect in the MV Overhead Line Design
- Exercise 1.9. The Physical Constants of an MV airline
- Exercise 1.10. Electrical Conductor Selection
- Exercise 1.11. Choice of Transport Voltage
- Exercise 1.12. Maximum Power to Be Transported and Maximum Line Length
- Chapter 6
- Mechanical Calculation of Conductors
- Proposed Exercises
- Exercise 2.1. Calculation of a Span
- Exercise 2.2. Calculation of Maximum Allowable Tractions
- Exercise 2.3. Calculation of Dynamic and Static Limits
- Exercise 2.4. Calculation of Maximum and Minimum Deflections
- Exercise 2.5. Calculation of Weights and Tensions: Support Distribution Templates
- Exercise 2.6. Calculation of Safety Distances
- Exercise 2.7. Calculation of the Regulation Span. Laying Tables
- Chapter 7
- Support Calculation
- Proposed Exercises
- Calculation of Stresses and Post Heights. support Calculation
- Chapter 8
- Calculation of Foundations
- Proposed Exercises
- Calculation of Stresses and Post Heights. Calculation of Foundations for Supports
- Chapter 9
- Calculation of High Voltage Underground Lines
- Proposed Exercises
- Calculation of an Underground Medium-Voltage Line: Choice of Conductor
- Exercise Comments
- Chapter 10
- Design, Calculation and Verification of Grounding Systems
- Proposed Exercises
- Grounding Design of a Support Belonging to an Overhead Line without Ground Wire
- Transformer Substation Grounding Design (Impedant Neutral)
- Transformer Substation Grounding Design (Isolated Neutral)
- Chapter 11
- Execution of Installations
- Proposed Exercises
- Multiple Choice Questions
- Part 3: Step-by-Step Solutions
- Chapter 12
- Electrical Calculation of Lines
- Exercises Resolved
- Exercise 1.1. Selection of MV Insulated Cable by Rated Voltage , - ./
- Exercise 1.2. Selection of Insulated MV Cable by Short-Circuit Criterion
- Exercise 1.3. Design for Load Regime and Short Circuit of Insulated Cable for an MV Network
- Exercise 1.4. Selection of Insulator Chain for Overhead Line AT
- Choice of the Type of Glass Insulator according to the Maximum Mechanical Stress it Has to Withstand
- Determination of the Number of Glass Insulators as a Function of the Total Length of the Creepage Distance
- Determination of Minimum safety Distance of Discharge from the Insulator Chain
- Exercise 1.5. Design by Conductor Load Regime for HV Overhead Line
- Exercise 1.6. Induction and Capability in Single Circuit Overhead Line Design
- Analysis of Arming Interdistances
- 1. Calculation of the Induction Coefficient , - . and the LINE Reactance , - . per Phase and km of Line
- 2. Calculation of the Capacity Coefficient , - . and Line Susceptance , - . per Phase and km of Line
- Exercise 1.7. Induction and Capacity in the Design of Dual-Circuit Overhead Line
- DMG Calculation
- Calculation of the GMR and the GMR
- Calculation of the Induction Coefficient , - . and the Line Reactance , - . per Phase and Km of Line
- Calculation of the Capacity Coefficient , - . and Line Susceptance , - . per Phase and km of Line
- Exercise 1.8. The Corona Effect in the MV Overhead Line Design
- Exercise 1.9. The Physical Constants of an MT Airline
- Exercise 1.10. Electrical Conductor Selection
- Exercise 1.11. Choice of Transport Voltage
- Exercise 1.12. Maximum Power to Be Transported and Maximum Line Length
- Chapter 13
- Mechanical Calculation of Conductors
- Exercises Resolved
- Exercise 2.1. Calculation of a span
- 2.1.1. Maximum Cable Pull Hypothesis
- 2.1.2. Maximum Arrow Hypothesis
- 2.1.3. Hypothesis for the Study of Vibratory Phenomena (Sections 3.2.2 and 4.3.2 of RD 223/08)
- 2.1.4. Hypothesis of Minimum Vertical Arrow, without Overload and Temperature of -20ºC
- 2.1.5. Cable Laying Table
- 2.1.6. Safety Distance
- 2.1.7. Calculation of Earth Cables
- Exercise 2.2. Calculation of Maximum Allowable Tractions
- Exercise 2.3. Calculation of Dynamic and Static Limits
- Exercise 2.4. Calculation of Maximum and Minimum Deflections
- Exercise 2.5. Calculation of Weights and Tensions: Support Distribution Templates
- Case 1: Tense Set by the Static limit. Maximum Permissible Traction
- a) Study Adopting Catenary
- Equation of the Conductor Curve
- Conductor Length
- b) Study Adopting Parable
- Equation of the Conductor Curve
- Conductor Length
- Case 2: Tense Corresponding to a Day without Overload and with 12ºC of Temperature
- Support Distribution Templates
- Exercise 2.6. Calculation of Safety Distances
- Exercise 2.7. Calculation of the Regulation Span. Laying Tables
- Chapter 14
- Support Calculation
- Exercises Resolved
- Calculation of Stresses and Post Heights. Support Calculation
- Chapter 15
- Calculation of Foundations
- Exercises Resolved
- Calculation of Stresses and Post Heights. Calculation of Foundations for Supports
- Chapter 16
- Calculation of High Voltage Underground Lines
- Exercises Resolved
- Calculation of an Underground Medium-Voltage Line: Choice of conductor
- Chapter 17
- Design, Calculation and Verification of Grounding Systems
- Exercises Resolved
- Grounding Design of a Support Belonging to an Overhead Line without Ground Wire
- Transformer Substation Grounding Design (Impedant Neutral)
- Transformer Substation Grounding Design (Isolated Neutral)
- Chapter 18
- Execution of Installations
- Exercises Resolved
- Multiple Choice Questions
- About the Authors
- Index
- Blank Page
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