
Colleagues in Genius
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With their discoveries and formulations, Albert Einstein, Max Planck, and Werner Heisenberg ushered the world into the Nuclear Age. As colleagues, they often corresponded, sharing insights and championing each other's work. In the three volumes collected here, they discuss their thoughts about life, science, politics, and how they approached their revolutionary work.
Out of My Later Years by Albert Einstein: Perhaps the most celebrated scientist of the twentieth century, Albert Einstein was also a philosopher and outspoken humanitarian. Collected here are some of his most insightful essays, articles, letters, and speeches written between 1934 and 1950. Accessible and fascinating, these works reflect the broad sweep of Einstein's intellectual concerns, from scientific inquiry to Jewish identity; and from global politics to the great minds he knew and admired.
Scientific Autobiography by Max Planck: The founder of quantum theory, Max Planck revolutionized our understanding of atomic and subatomic behavior. Born in Germany in 1858, he lived a long and eventful life at the center of both scientific advancement and global events. From the childhood epiphany that inspired him to pursue a life in science, to the great discoveries he made amidst terrifying political turmoil, Planck tells his story in this illuminating autobiography.
Nuclear Physics by W. Heisenberg: Werner Heisenberg is famous for developing the uncertainty principle, which bears his name, and for his pioneering work in quantum mechanics. In Nuclear Physics, he offers an accessible introduction to the subject based on his own lectures. Beginning with a short history of atomic physics, he delves into the nature of nuclear forces and reactions, the tools of nuclear physics, and its world-changing technical and practical applications.
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Persons
Max (Karl Ernst Ludwig) Planck was a German physicist and philosopher known for his quantum theory, for which he won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1918. Planck was born in Kiel, Germany, in 1858 to an academic family, and valued education from a young age. He attended the Universities of Munich and Berlin to study physics under the great scientific leaders Kirchhoff and Helmholtz. His early work focused on the study of thermodynamics, and in 1900 he published a paper on his quantum theory that would change the face of modern physics. Planck worked as a professor at Berlin University his entire career, and served as the president of the Kaiser Wilhelm Society for the Promotion of Science. During World War II, Planck experienced great hardships while he remained in Germany but openly opposed the Nazi regime. One of his two sons was executed during this time for an unsuccessful attempt on Hitler's life, and Planck's home in Berlin was eventually bombed. He continued to write about physics and philosophy until his death in 1947.
A controversial WWII figure, Werner Heisenberg was a German physicist. Born in 1901 to an academic family, Heisenberg was interested in scientific and philosophical pursuits from a young age. After graduating from the University of Munich, where he studied under physicist Arthur Sommerfield, Heisenberg went on to establish a career in the study of atomic and particle theory. He won the Nobel Prize in 1932 for his Uncertainty Principle. Heisenberg was one of the top German scientists during World War II, and he worked as the director of the German Uranium Project developing an atomic bomb for Germany. He did not succeed in this effort, however, before the end of the war. He was incarcerated from 1945-46 for his role in the Nazi regime, but in the '50s and '60s, Heisenberg continued to contribute his research to the field of nuclear physics. He retired in 1970 and resided in Munich until his death in 1973.
Content
- Intro
- Cover Page
- Title Page
- Contents
- Out of My Later Years
- Title Page
- 1. Publisher's Preface
- Convictions and Beliefs
- 2. Self-Portrait (1936)
- 3. Ten Fateful Years (1939)
- 4. Moral Decay (1937)
- 5. Message for Posterity (1938)
- 6. On Freedom (1940)
- 7. Morals and Emotions (1938)
- 8. Science and Religion (I-1939
- II-1941)
- 9. On Education (1936)
- Public Affairs
- 10. Why Socialism? (1949)
- 11. The Negro Question (1946)
- 12. Science and Society (1935)
- 13. Towards a World Government (1946)
- 14. The Way Out (1946)
- 15. On Receiving the One World Award (1948)
- 16. Science and Civilization (1933)
- 17. A Message to Intellectuals (1948)
- 18. Open Letter to the General Assembly of the United Nations (1947)
- 19. Dr. Einstein's Mistaken Notions-An Open Letter from Sergeli Vavilov, A. N. Frumkin, A. F. Joffe, and N. N. Semyonov (1947)
- A Reply to the Soviet Scientists (1948)
- Science and Life
- 20. For an Organization of Intellectual Workers (1945)
- 21. "Was Europe a Success?" (1934)
- 22. At a Gathering for Freedom of Opinion (1936)
- 23. Atomic War or Peace (I-1945
- II-1947)
- 24. The War is Won but Peace is Not (1945)
- 25. The Menace of Mass Destruction (1947)
- 26. The Schools and the Problem of Peace (1934)
- 27. On Military Service (1934)
- 28. Military Intrusion in Science (1947)
- The Military Mentality
- 29. International Security (1933)
- Personalities
- 30. Isaac Newton (1942)
- 31. Johannes Kepler (1949)
- 32. Marie Curie in Memoriam (1935)
- 33. Max Planck in Memoriam (1948)
- 34. Paul Langevin in Memoriam (1947)
- 35. Walther Nernst in Memoriam (1942)
- 36. Paul Ehrenfest in Memoriam (1934)
- 37. Mahatma Gandhi (1939)
- 38. Carl von Ossietzky (1946)
- My People
- 39. Why Do They Hate the Jews? (1938)
- Just What Is a Jew?
- Where Oppression Is a Stimulus
- 40. The Dispersal of European Jewry (1948)
- 41. Let's Not Forget (1934)
- 42. Unpublished Preface to a Blackbook (1945)
- 43. The Goal of Human Existence (1943)
- 44. Our Debt to Zionism (1938)
- 45. To the Heroes of the Battle of the Warsaw Ghetto (1944)
- 46. Before the Monument to the Martyred Jews of the Warsaw Ghetto (1948)
- 47. The Calling of the Jews (1936)
- 48. Moses Maimonides (1935)
- 49. Stephen Wise (1949)
- 50. To the University of Jerusalem (1949)
- 51. The American Council for Judaism (1945)
- 52. The Jews of Israel (1949)
- Science
- 53. The Theory of Relativity (1949)
- 54. E = MC2 (1946)
- 55. What is the Theory of Relativity? (1919)
- 56. Physics and Reality (1936)
- General Consideration Concerning the Method of Science
- Mechanics and the Attempts to Base all Physics Upon It
- The Field Concept
- The Theory of Relativity
- Quantum Theory and the Fundamentals of Physics
- Relativity Theory and Corpuscles
- Summary
- 57. The Fundaments of Theoretical Physics (1940)
- 58. The Common Language of Science (1941)
- 59. The Laws of Science and the Laws of Ethics (1950)
- 60. An Elementary Derivation of the Equivalence of Mass and Energy (1946)
- Acknowledgments
- Scientific Autobiography and Other Papers
- Title Page
- Introduction - MEMORIAL ADDRESS
- A Scientific Autobiography
- Phantom Problems in Science
- I.
- II.
- III.
- IV.
- The Meaning and Limits of Exact Science
- I.
- II.
- III.
- IV.
- The Concept of Causality in Physics
- Religion and Natural Science
- I
- II
- III
- IV
- Notes
- Nuclear Physics
- Title Page
- PREFACE
- ACKNOWLEDGMENT
- 1. ATOMIC THEORY, FROM ANTIQUITY TO THE END OF THE NINETEENTli CENTURY
- I. MATTER AND ATOMS IN THE PHILOSOPHY OF ANTIQUITY
- II. MODERN ATOMIC THEORY, UP TO THE END OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY
- 2. MOLECULES AND ATOMS
- I. MOLECULAR STRUCTURE
- II. RUTHERFORD'S ATOM MODEL
- III. THE PERIODIC SYSTEM OF ELEMENTS
- 3. RADIOACTIVITY AND THE BUILDING BLOCKS OF THE NUCLEUS
- I. RADIOACTIVITY
- II. ARTIFICIAL NUCLEAR TRANSMUTATIONS
- III. THE BUILDING BLOCKS OF ATOMIC NUCLEI
- 4. THE NORMAL STATES OF ATOMIC NUCLEI
- I. THE BINDING ENERGY OF THE NUCLEI
- II. NUCLEAR STRUCTURE
- III. THE THREE TYPES OF NUCLEAR ENERGY
- 5. THE NUCLEAR FORCES
- I. GENERAL PROPERTIES OF THE NUCLEAR FIELD
- II. THE NUCLEAR FORCES AS EXCHANGE FORCES
- III. THE SATURATION OF NUCLEAR FORCES
- IV. THE STABILITY OF NUCLEI
- 6. THE NUCLEAR REACTIONS
- I. ALPHA RADIATION
- II. THE BETA EMITTERS
- III. OTHER TYPES OF SPONTANEOUS NUCLEAR TRANSMUTATION
- IV. ARTIFICIALLY INDUCED NUCLEAR TRANSMUTATIONS
- 7. THE TOOLS OF NUCLEAR PHYSICS
- I. THE METHODS OF DETECTION AND OBSERVATION
- II. THE PROCEDURES FOR PRODUCING NUCLEAR TRANSMUTATION
- 8. THE PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS OF NUCLEAR PHYSICS
- I. THE EXPLOITATION OF ATOMIC ENERGY FOR USEFUL PURPOSES
- II. URANIUM FISSION AND CHAIN REACTION
- III. THE URANIUM REACTOR
- IV. ENNOBLEMENT OF MATTER BY NUCLEAR REACTIONS
- V. ARTIFICIAL RADIOACTIVE SUBSTANCES AS TRACERS
- VI. ARTIFICIAL RADIOACTIVE SUBSTANCES IN CHEMISTRY
- VII. ARTIFICIAL RADIOACTIVE SUBSTANCES IN BIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY
- VIII. ARTIFICIAL RADIOACTIVE SUBSTANCES IN MEDICINE
- IX. THE USE OF STABLE ISOTOPES
- APPENDIX-RESEARCH IN GERMANY ON THE TECHNICAL APPLICATION Oli ATOMIC ENERGY
- TABLES
- LITERATURE ON NUCLEAR PHYSICS
- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS FOR ILLUSTRATIONS
- Notes
- Copyright Page
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