Organic Synthesis Engineering
1st Edition
Published on 15. February 2001
937 pages
978-0-19-802569-6 (ISBN)
Description
This book will formally launch "organic synthesis engineering" as a distinctive field in the armory of the reaction engineer. Its main theme revolves around two developments: catalysis and the role of process intensification in enhancing overall productivity. Each of these two subjects are becoming increasingly useful in organic synthesis engineering, especially in the production of medium and small volume chemicals and enhancing reaction rates by extending laboratory techniques, such as ultrasound, phase transfer catalysts, membrane reactor, and microwaves, to industrial scale production. This volume describes the applications of catalysis in organic synthesis and outlines different techniques of reaction rate and/or selectivity enhancement against a background of reaction engineering principles for both homogeneous and heterogeneous systems.
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L. K. Doraiswamy
Organic Synthesis Engineering
Book
03/2001
Oxford University Press Inc
€114.00
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Content
- Intro
- Contents
- Chapter 1 Introduction and Structure of the Book
- Why Organic Synthesis Engineering
- The Organic Chemicals Ladder and the Role of Catalysis
- Process Intensification
- Structure of the Book
- Internal Organization of Chapters
- PART I: REACTIONS AND REACTORS IN ORGANIC SYNTHESIS: BASIC CONCEPTS
- Chapter 2 Rates and Equilibria in Organic Reactions: The Thermodynamic and Extrathermodynamic Approaches
- Basic Thermodynamic Relationships and Properties
- Thermodynamics of Reactions in Solution
- The Extrathermodynamic Approach
- Extrathermodynamic Relationships between Rate and Equilibrium Parameters
- Chapter 3 Estimation of Properties of Organic Compounds
- Correlation Strategy
- Basic Properties
- Thermodynamic and Equilibrium Properties
- Reaction Properties
- Transport Properties
- Surface Tension and Ultrasonic Velocity
- Chapter 4 Reactions and Reactors: Basic Concepts
- Reaction Rates
- Stoichiometry of the Rate Equation
- Reactors
- Transport between Phases
- Laboratory Reactors
- Chapter 5 Complex Reactions
- Reduction of Complex Reactions
- Rate Equations
- Selectivity and Yield
- Simultaneous Homogeneous and Catalytic (or Autocatalytic) Reactions
- Notation to Part I
- References to Part I
- PART II: CATALYSIS IN ORGANIC SYNTHESIS AND TECHNOLOGY
- Chapter 6 Catalysis by Solids, 1: Organic Intermediates and Fine Chemicals
- Modified Forms of the More Common Catalysts
- Zeolites
- Heteropolyacid Catalysts
- Clays in Catalysis: A Class of Supported Reagents
- Solid Superacids
- Solid Base Catalysts
- Metallic Glass Catalysts
- Ion-Exchange Resins
- Catalysis by Inclusion: Cyclodextrins
- Titanates
- Catalysts for Selected Classes of Reactions
- Heterogenized" Homogeneous Catalysts
- Role of Solvent in Catalysis by Solids
- Chapter 7 Catalysis by Solids, 2: The Catalyst and Its Microenvironment
- Modeling of Solid Catalyzed Reactions
- Role of Diffusion in Pellets: Catalyst Effectiveness
- Effect of External Mass and Heat Transfer
- Combined Effects of Internal and External Diffusion
- Relative Roles of Mass and Heat Transfer in Internal and External Diffusion
- Regimes of Control
- Eliminating or Accounting for Transport Disguises
- Experimental Reactors
- Chapter 8 Homogeneous Catalysis
- Homogeneous versus Heterogeneous Catalysis
- Formalisms in Transition-Metal Catalysis
- The Operational Scheme of Homogeneous Catalysis
- The Basic Reactions of Homogeneous Catalysis
- Main Features of Transition-Metal Catalysis in Organic Synthesis: A Summary
- Important Classes of Reactions with Industrial Examples
- General Kinetic Analysis
- Chapter 9 Asymmetric Synthesis
- Basic Definitions/Concepts
- Methods of Preparing Pure Enantiomers
- Asymmetric Synthesis
- Homogeneous Asymmetric Catalysis
- Heterogeneous Asymmetric Catalysis
- Notation to Part II
- References to Part II
- PART III: REACTOR DESIGN FOR HOMOGENEOUS AND FLUID-SOLID (CATALYTIC) REACTIONS
- Chapter 10 Reactor Design for Simple Reactions
- Plug-Flow Reactor with Recycle
- Mixed-Flow Reactors in Series
- Semibatch Reactors
- Varying Volume Reactors
- Measures of Mixing: Comparison of the Series, Recycle, and Variable Volume Reactors
- Comments
- Chapter 11 Reactor Design for Complex Reactions
- Batch Reactor
- Plug-Flow Reactor
- Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor
- Reactor Choice for Maximizing Yields and Selectivities
- Optimum Temperatures or Temperature Profiles for Maximizing Yields and Selectivities
- Chapter 12 Reactor Design for Solid-Catalyzed Fluid Phase Reactions
- Fixed-Bed Reactor
- Fluidized-Bed Reactor
- Reactor Choice for a Deactivating Catalyst
- Chapter 13 Mixing, Multiple Solutions, and Forced Unsteady-State Operation
- Role of Mixing
- Multiple Solutions
- Notation to Part III
- References to Part III
- PART IV: FLUID-FLUID AND FLUID-FLUID-SOLID REACTIONS AND REACTORS
- Chapter 14 Gas-Liquid Reactions
- The Basis
- Diffusion Accompanied by an Irreversible Reaction of General Order
- Effect of Temperature
- Discerning the Controlling Regime in Simple Reactions
- Diffusion Accompanied by a Complex Reaction
- Simultaneous Absorption and Reaction of Two Gases
- Absorption of a Gas Followed by Reaction with Two Liquid-Phase Components
- Extension to Complex Rate Models: Homogeneous Catalysis
- Measurement of Mass Transfer Coefficients
- Examples of Gas-Liquid Reactions
- Chapter 15 Liquid-Liquid and Solid-Liquid Reactions
- Liquid-Liquid Reactions
- Solid-Liquid Reactions
- Chapter 16 Gas-Liquid and Liquid-Liquid Reactor Design
- A Generalized Form of Equation for All Regimes
- Classification of Gas-Liquid Contactors
- Reactor Design for Gas-Liquid Reactions
- Reactor Choice for Gas-Liquid Reactions
- Liquid-Liquid Contactors
- Stirred Tank Reactor: Some Practical Considerations
- Chapter 17 Multiphase Reactions and Reactors
- Analysis of Three-Phase Catalytic Reactions
- Design of Three-Phase Catalytic Reactors
- Types of Three-Phase Reactors
- Collection and Interpretation of Laboratory Data for Three-Phase Catalytic Reactions
- Examples of Three-Phase Catalytic Reactions in Organic Synthesis and Technology
- Three-Phase Noncatalytic Reactions
- Notation to Part IV
- References to Part IV
- PART V: STRATEGIES FOR ENHANCING THE RATES OF ORGANIC REACTIONS
- Chapter 18 Biphasic Reaction Engineering
- Equilibria in Biphasic Reactions
- Solvent Selection
- Role of Aqueous Phase Volume
- Matching the pH Optima for Reaction Equilibrium and Catalyst Activity
- Modeling of Biphasic Biocatalytic Systems
- Use of Biphasing in Organic Synthesis
- Examples of Biphasing
- Chapter 19 Phase-Transfer Reaction Engineering
- General Features
- Kinetics and Modeling of Soluble PTC
- Immobilized PTC
- Industrial Applications of PTC
- Chapter 20 Bioorganic Synthesis Engineering
- Microbes and Enzymes
- Kinetics and Modeling of Bioreactions
- Bioreactors
- Examples of the Use of Biocatalysts in Organic Synthesis
- Chapter 21 Electroorganic Synthesis Engineering
- Basic Concepts and Definitions
- Modeling of Electroorganic Reactions and Reactors
- Reaction Modeling
- Reactor Modeling
- Scale-Up of Electrochemical Reactors
- Industrial Electrochemical Cell Components and Configurations
- Selected Examples of Industrial Electroorganic Synthesis
- Chapter 22 Sonoorganic Synthesis Engineering
- Devices for Producing Ultrasound
- Homogeneous Reactions
- Heterogeneous Reactions
- Ultrasound in Organic Synthesis
- Scale-Up of Sonochemical Reactors
- Design of Cavitation Reactors
- Sonochemical Effect without Ultrasound: Hydrodynamic Cavitation
- Chapter 23 Microphase-Assisted Reaction Engineering
- Classification of Microphases
- Analysis of Microphase Action
- Microphase as a Chemical (Catalytic) or Physical Sink
- Microphase as a Physical Carrier
- Microphase as a Source-Reactant as Microphase
- Solid Product as a Microphase-Microphase-Assisted Autocatalysis
- Chapter 24 Membrane-Assisted Reactor Engineering
- General Considerations
- Modeling of Membrane Reactors
- Operational Features
- Comparison of Reactors
- Examples of the Use of Membrane Reactors in Organic Technology and Synthesis
- Chapter 25 Multifunctional Reactor Engineering
- Reaction-Extraction
- Distillation-Reaction
- Chapter 26 Other Important (and Some Lesser Known) Strategies of Rate Enhancement
- Photochemical Enhancement
- Enhancement by Micelles
- Microwave-Assisted Organic Synthesis
- Organic Synthesis in Supercritical Fluids
- Use of Hydrotropes (Hydrotropic Solubilization)
- Combinatorial Strategies
- Use of Micromixing and Forced Unsteady-State Operation
- Notation to Part V
- References to Part V
- A Process Overview
- Epilogue
- Acknowledgments for Figures and Tables
- Index
- A
- B
- C
- D
- E
- F
- G
- H
- I
- J
- K
- L
- M
- N
- O
- P
- Q
- R
- S
- T
- U
- V
- W
- Y
- Z
