
Designing Large Scale Lans
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Content
- Intro
- Table of Contents
- Preface
- Audience
- Organization
- Conventions Used in This Book
- Comments and Questions
- Acknowledgments
- Networking Objectives
- Business Requirements
- Money
- Geography
- Installed Base
- Bandwidth
- Security
- Philosophical and Policy Requirements
- OSI Protocol Stack Model
- The Seven Layers
- Layer 1
- Layer 2
- Layer 3
- Layer 4
- Layer 5
- Layer 6
- Layer 7
- Where the OSI Model Breaks Down
- Routing Versus Bridging
- Top-Down Design Philosophy
- Elements of Reliability
- Defining Reliability
- Failure Is a Reliability Issue
- Performance Is a Reliability Issue
- Redundancy
- Guidelines for Implementing Redundancy
- Redundancy by Protocol Layer
- Multiple Simultaneous Failures
- Complexity and Manageability
- Automated Fault Recovery
- Always let network equipment perform network functions
- Intrinsic versus external automation
- Examples of automated fault recovery
- Fault tolerance through load balancing
- Avoid manual fault-recovery systems
- Isolating Single Points of Failure
- Predicting Your Most Common Failures
- Mean time between failures
- Multiple simultaneous failures
- Combining MTBF values
- Failure Modes
- Congestion
- Traffic Anomalies
- Software Problems
- Human Error
- Design Types
- Basic Topologies
- Basic Concepts
- Bus topology
- Ring topology
- Star topology
- Mesh Topology
- Scalability
- Reliability Mechanisms
- Spanning Tree
- Spanning Tree eliminates loops
- Spanning Tree activates backup links and devices
- Layer 3 Recovery Mechanisms
- VLANs
- Avoid Spaghetti VLANs
- Protocol-Based VLAN Systems
- Toward Larger Topologies
- Collapsed Backbone
- Why collapse a backbone?
- Backbone capacity
- Backbone redundancy
- Distributed Backbone
- Trunk capacity
- Trunk fault tolerance
- Switching Versus Routing
- Ancient history
- Modernizing the old rule
- Hierarchical Design
- Routing Strategies
- One-armed routers and Layer 3 switches
- Redundancy
- Filtering
- Switching and Bridging Strategies
- Containing broadcasts
- Redundancy in bridged networks
- Filtering
- VLAN-Based Topologies
- Trunk design
- Trunking through a router
- Trunks
- VLAN Distribution Areas
- Sizing VLAN Distribution Areas
- Implementing Reliability
- Multiple Connections
- Large-Scale LAN Topologies
- Routers in the Core Level
- Routers in the Distribution Level
- Routers in Both the Core and Distribution Levels
- Connecting Remote Sites
- General Comments on Large-Scale Topology
- Local Area Network Technologies
- Selecting Appropriate LAN Technology
- Cost Efficiency
- Installed Base
- Maintainability
- Performance
- Ethernet and Fast Ethernet
- Ethernet Framing Standards
- Ethernet addresses
- Collision Detection
- Hubs, Bridges, and Switches
- Transceivers
- Token Ring
- MAUs, Bridges, and Switches
- Gigabit and 10 Gigabit Ethernet
- Gigabit to the Desk
- Gigabit as a Backbone Protocol
- ATM
- ATM LAN Services
- FDDI
- Wireless
- Firewalls and Gateways
- Structured Cabling
- Horizontal Cabling
- Vertical Cabling
- IP
- IP-Addressing Basics
- IP-Address Classes
- ARP and ICMP
- ARP
- ICMP
- Network Address Translation
- Multiple Subnet Broadcast
- General IP Design Strategies
- Unregistered Addresses
- IP Addressing Schemes
- Easily summarized ranges of addresses
- Sufficient capacity in each range
- Standard subnet masks for common uses
- Flexibility for future requirements
- The Default Gateway Question
- DNS and DHCP
- IP Dynamic Routing
- Static Routing
- Floating Static Routes
- Types of Dynamic Routing Protocols
- RIP
- RIP Functionality
- Avoiding Loops
- Split Horizons in RIP
- Variable Subnet Masks
- Redistributing with Other Routing Protocols
- IGRP and EIGRP
- Basic Functionality
- Active and Stuck-in-Active Routes
- Interconnecting Autonomous Systems
- Redistributing with Other Routing Protocols
- OSPF
- Area Types
- Area Structures
- Interconnecting Autonomous Systems
- Redistributing with Other Routing Protocols
- IP Addressing Schemes for OSPF
- OSPF Costs
- BGP
- Autonomous System Numbers
- Where to Use BGP
- IPX
- Dynamic Routing
- Novell RIP and SAP
- EIGRP
- NLSP
- General IPX Design Strategies
- IPX Addressing Schemes
- RIP and SAP Accumulation Zones
- Efficiency in IPX Networks
- Elements of Efficiency
- Using Equipment Features Effectively
- Hop Counts
- MTU Throughout the Network
- Bottlenecks and Congestion
- Filtering
- Quality of Service and Traffic Shaping
- QoS Basics
- Layer 2 and Layer 3 QoS
- Buffering and Queuing
- Integrated and Differentiated Services
- Assured Forwarding in Differentiated Services
- Expedited Forwarding in Differentiated Services
- IP TOS and Diffserv DSCP
- Traffic Shaping
- Defining Traffic Types
- RSVP
- Network-Design Considerations
- Network Management
- Network-Management Components
- Configuration Management
- Fault Management
- Performance Management
- Security Management
- Accounting Management
- Designing a Manageable Network
- SNMP
- How to Monitor
- What to Monitor
- Ad Hoc SNMP
- Automated Activities
- Management Problems
- DHCP
- Architectural Problems
- VLAN structures
- LAN extension
- Filtering
- Firewalls
- Redundancy features
- Tunnels
- Out-of-Band Management Techniques
- Special Topics
- IP Multicast Networks
- Multicast Addressing
- Multicast Services
- IGMP
- Group Membership
- Multicast Routing
- MOSPF
- DVMRP
- PIM
- BGMP
- Network-Design Considerations for Multicast Networks
- Multicast administrative zones
- Multicast and QoS
- IPv6
- Header Structure
- Addressing
- Quality of Service
- Security
- Autoconfiguration
- Multicast and Anycast
- Migrating from IPv4 to IPv6
- Security
- Hub and Switch Port-Level Security
- Filtering Traffic
- IPsec
- Appendix: Combining Probabilities
- Glossary
- Numerics
- A
- B
- C
- D
- E
- F
- G
- H
- I
- JKL
- M
- N
- O
- P
- QR
- S
- T
- U
- V
- WXYZ
- Bibliography
- Requests for Comments
- Books and Articles
- Index
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