Topics in Modal Analysis & Testing, Volume 8

Name: Topics in Modal Analysis & Testing, Volume 8 | Proceedings of the 38th IMAC, A Conference and Exposition on Structural Dynamics 2020
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Proceedings of the 38th IMAC, A Conference and Exposition on Structural Dynamics 2020

Brandon Dilworth Michael Mains(Editor)

Springer (Publisher)

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Published on 22. October 2020

IX, 425 pages

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978-3-030-47717-2 (ISBN)

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Content

Intro
Preface
Contents
1 Modal Analysis on a Wind Turbine Blade Based on Wind Tunnel Experiments
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Modal Analysis and Operational Calculus
1.3 Output Only Modal Parameters Estimation
1.4 Wind Turbine Blade
1.5 Wind Tunnel Experiment
1.6 Application of the Time Domain Identification Scheme
1.7 Conclusion
References
2 An Investigation of Vibrational Characteristics of Lap Joints Using Experimental and AnalyticalMethods
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Experimental Methods
2.3 Analytical Methods
2.3.1 Solid Structure FE Model
2.3.2 Welded Structure FE Model
2.3.3 Bolted Structure FE Model
2.3.4 Fractional Strain Energy Method
2.4 User Interface Development
2.5 Results and Discussion
2.5.1 Experimental Modal Comparisons
2.5.2 FE Model Comparisons
2.5.3 Strain-Energy Method Comparisons
2.6 Conclusions
References
3 Using Strain Gages as References to Calculate Free-Free Frequency Response Functions
3.1 Introduction
3.1.1 Calculation of Free-Free FRFs Using Interface Forces as References
3.1.2 Numerical Example
3.2 Summary
References
4 A Principle for Obtaining Pragmatic Uncertainty Bounds on Modal Parameters
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Theory
4.2.1 Multiple-Reference Ibrahim Time Domain (MITD) Method
4.2.2 Modified Multiple-Reference Ibrahim Time Domain (MMITD) Method
4.2.3 Low Order Versus High Order Method
4.2.4 Normalization to the Lowest or Highest Coefficient of the Matrix Polynomials
4.2.5 Calculating the System Matrix with Respect to Either the Original Hankel Matrix or the Time Shifted Hankel Matrix
4.3 Methodology
4.4 Results and Discussion
4.5 Conclusions
References
5 On Partitioning of an SHM Problem and Parallels with Transfer Learning
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Problem Description
5.3 Problem Splitting
5.4 Knowledge Transfer Between the Two Problems
5.5 Discussion and Conclusions
References
6 An Ontological Approach to Structural Health Monitoring
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Components of the Ontology
6.3 Main Ontology Structure
6.4 Connections
6.5 Aspects of the Ontology
6.6 Discussion and Conclusions
References
7 Passive Aeroelastic Tailored Wing Modal Test Using the Fixed Base Correction Method
Nomenclature
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Theory/Correction Methodology
7.3 Test Description
7.3.1 Test Article
7.3.2 Finite Element Model
7.3.3 Modal Test Setup
7.3.4 Modal Test Instrumentation
7.3.5 Modal Test Accelerometer Layout
7.3.6 Modal Test Shaker Layout
7.4 Results
7.4.1 Uncorrected Results
7.4.2 Fixed Base Corrected Results with 10 Shakers
7.4.3 Fixed Base Corrected Results with 12 Shakers
7.5 Fixed Base Corrected Results with 14 Shakers
7.6 Summary
References
8 Nonlinear Normal Mode Estimation with Near-Resonant Steady State Inputs
8.1 Overview of the Basic SNRM Algorithm
8.2 Nonlinear Resonant Steady State Response Analysis
8.3 Discussion on the SNRM Algorithm Extension
8.4 Conclusion and Future Work
References
9 Automatic Modal Parameter Identification with Methods of Artificial Intelligence
Nomenclature
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Background
9.3 Peak Descriptor
9.4 Generation of Training Data
9.5 Classification
9.6 Measurement Setup
9.7 Conclusion
References
10 A Single Step Modal Parameter Estimation Algorithm: Computing Residues from Numerator Matrix Coefficients of Rational Fractions
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Theoretical Background
10.3 Analysis
10.4 Conclusions
References
11 Improved Expansion Results Using Regularized Solutions
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Theory
11.2.1 SEREP Expansion
11.2.2 Theory of Regularization in Direct Pseudo-Inverse Solutions
11.3 Models Used for Demonstrating Expansion Effects
11.3.1 Simple Model: Tuning Fork
11.3.2 Complicated Model: Coupled Components
11.4 Demonstration of the Effects of Gauge Location on Expansion Results
11.4.1 Case 1: Using Evenly Spaced Gauges to Expand the Response of Ten Modes
11.4.2 Case 2: Using Ten Gauges Placed with Effective Independence or Condition Number Optimization to Expand the Response of Ten Modes
11.4.3 Case 3: Using Forty Gauges on the Base Beam to Expand the Response of Ten Modes to the Top Beam
11.5 Demonstration of the Effects of Noise on Expansion Results
11.5.1 Model Configuration (Active Degrees of Freedom)
11.5.2 Noise Demonstration Test Matrix
11.5.3 Noise Contaminated Expansion Results
Mode Shape Expansion
Time Domain Expansion
11.6 Using Regularization to Improve Expansion Results
11.6.1 Mode Shape Expansion Improvement
11.6.2 Time Domain Expansion Improvement
11.6.3 Additional Considerations
11.7 Conclusions
References
12 Expansion of Coupled Structural-Acoustic Systems
12.1 Motivation and Theory
12.2 Modal Expansion of a Coupled Structure
12.3 Coupled Expansion of a Transient Response
12.4 Discussion and Conclusions
References
13 Expansion Methods Applied to Internal Acoustic Problems
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Theory
13.3 SEREP Expansion for Acoustic DOF in a Small Domain Model
13.4 Transmissibility Expansion for Acoustic DOF in a Large Domain Model
13.5 Discussion and Conclusions
References
14 Scaling an OMA Modal Model of a Wood Building Using OMAH and a Small Shaker
14.1 Introduction
14.2 OMAH Theory
14.3 Structure and Instrumentation
14.4 Parameter Extraction by OMA
14.5 Mode Shape Scaling by OMAH
14.6 Verification of OMAH Result
14.7 Conclusion
References
15 Quantitative Study on the Modal Parameters Estimated Using the PLSCF and the MITD Methods and an Automated Modal Analysis Algorithm
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Theory
15.2.1 The Poly-reference Least Squares Complex Frequency (LSCF) Algorithm
15.2.2 The Multi-reference Ibrahim Time Domain (MITD) Algorithm
15.3 Methodology
15.4 Results
15.5 Discussion
15.6 Conclusions
References
16 Empirical Models for the Health Monitoring of High-Rise Buildings: The Case of Palazzo Lombardia
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Background
16.3 Empirical Model
16.4 The Prediction of the Eigenfrequency Values
16.5 Conclusion
References
17 Towards Population-Based Structural Health Monitoring, Part II: Heterogeneous Populations and Structures as Graphs
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Irreducible Element Representations of Structures
17.2.1 Geometry
17.2.2 Topology
Joints
17.2.3 Materials
17.3 Producing an Attributed Graph
17.4 A Note on Boundary Conditions
17.5 Some Formal Definitions for PBSHM
17.6 Conclusions
References
18 Developing a Correlation Criterion (SpaceMAC) for Repeated and Pseudo-repeated Modes
18.1 Introduction
18.2 Background
18.2.1 Repeated Roots
18.2.2 Modal Vectors as Vector Spaces and Subspaces
18.2.3 Modal Vectors as Vector Spaces and Subspaces
18.2.4 Existing Correlation Methods
18.2.5 Extracting and Conditioning Modal Vector
18.3 Analysis
18.3.1 Implementing Existing Methods
18.3.2 SPACEMAC Implementation
18.3.3 Results
18.4 Conclusion
References
19 Subsecond Model Updating for High-Rate Structural Health Monitoring
19.1 Introduction
19.2 Background
19.3 Analysis
19.4 Conclusion
References
20 Phase Quadrature Backbone Curve for Nonlinear Modal Analysis of Nonconservative Systems
20.1 Introduction
20.2 Phase Quadrature Backbone Curve
20.3 Numerical Results
20.4 Conclusion
References
21 Preliminary Results of Vibration Measurements on a Wind Turbine Test Bench
21.1 Introduction
21.2 Pretest
21.2.1 Conclusion from Pretest
21.3 Experimental Measurements
21.3.1 Experimental Setup
21.3.2 Data Processing and Analysis
Operational Measurements
Impact Tests
21.3.3 Results and Discussion
Hammer Comparison from Impact Test
Sensor Comparison from Impact Test
Operational Measurements
Comparing Impact Test to Operational Measurements
21.4 Conclusion
References
22 Feasibility for Damage Identification in Offshore Wind Jacket Structures Through Numerical Modelling of Global Dynamics
22.1 Introduction
22.2 Background
22.3 Analysis
22.4 Results
22.5 Conclusion
References
23 Use of Operational Modal Analysis to Identify Systems with Oscillatory Masses
23.1 Introduction
23.2 Theoretical Background
23.2.1 Operational Modal Analysis
23.2.2 Tuned Liquid Damper
23.3 Experimental Model
23.4 Results
23.4.1 Identification of Modal Properties
23.4.2 Estimation of Sloshing Frequency and Damping Ratio
23.5 Conclusion
References
24 OMA-Based Modal Identification and Response Estimation of a Monopile Model Subjectedto Wave Load
24.1 Introduction
24.2 Theory
24.2.1 Operational Modal Analysis
24.2.2 Wave Simulation and System Response
24.3 Experimental Setup
24.4 Numerical Analysis
24.4.1 Finite Element Model
24.4.2 Loads and System Response
24.5 Modal Identification and FE Model Updating
24.6 Response Simulation Results
24.7 Conclusion
References
25 A Concept for the Estimation of Displacement Fields in Flexible Wind Turbine Structures
25.1 Introduction
25.2 System Analysis
25.3 Basic Framework
25.4 State Estimation
25.5 Sensor Concept
25.6 Application to a Flexible Multibody System
25.6.1 Load Case
25.6.2 Results
25.7 Conclusion and Outlook
References
26 Towards Population-Based Structural Health Monitoring, Part III: Graphs, Networksand Communities
26.1 Introduction
26.2 Matching Using the Attributed Graphs
26.2.1 Introduction to Graph-Matching Algorithms
Definition
Isomorphism
Subgraphs
The Modular Product Graph
26.2.2 Bron-Kerbosch Algorithm
26.2.3 C-Clique-Finding Algorithm
C-Edges
26.3 Similarity Scores
26.4 Communities
26.5 Conclusion
Appendix
References
27 Utilization of Experimental Data in Elastic Multibody Simulation: Case Study on the Ampair 600 Turbine Blade
27.1 Introduction
27.2 Theoretical Background
27.3 Wind Turbine Blade Case Study
27.3.1 Test Setup
27.3.2 Mass Properties
27.3.3 Multibody Model Build-Up
27.4 Conclusion and Outlook
References
28 On the Use of PVDF Sensors for Experimental Modal Analysis
28.1 Introduction
28.2 Piezoelectric Polyvinylidene Fluoride (PVDF) Sensor
28.3 Measurement Setup
28.3.1 Results
References
29 Predicting Tool Wear Using Linear Response Surface Methodology and Gaussian Process Regression
29.1 Introduction
29.2 Experimental Set-Up
29.3 Results
29.4 Conclusions
References
30 Computer Aided Measurement Uncertainty Calculation by Modern DAQs for Raw Acceleration and Force Data in Modal Analysis
30.1 Consideration of Measurement Deviations in the Overall Result
30.2 Model for a Measurement Uncertainty Budget for Vibration Transducers
30.3 Calculation of the Expanded Uncertainty, Urel (a), for the Acceleration Amplitude of an Accelerometer at a Single Frequency Point
30.4 Determination of the Measurement Uncertainty
30.5 Calculation of the Expanded Uncertainty, Urel (x), for the Acceleration Phase Shift of an Accelerometer at a Single Frequency Point
30.6 Example of an Automatic KiXact Measurement Uncertainty Calculation with the KiDAQ Data Acquisition System
30.6.1 Introduction To KiDAQ
30.6.2 Introduction To KiXact
30.7 Summary
References
31 Towards Population-Based Structural Health Monitoring, Part VII: EOV Fields - EnvironmentalMapping
31.1 Introduction
31.1.1 Lillgrund Wind Farm
31.2 Environmental Mapping
31.2.1 Motivation
31.2.2 Wake Pattern in Wind Farms
31.2.3 Data-Based Model
31.3 Wind Speed Predictions
31.4 Conclusions
References
32 Investigation of Resistive Forces in Variable Recruitment Fluidic Artificial Muscle Bundles
32.1 Introduction
32.2 Effect of Inactive Elements in a Variable Recruitment Bundle
32.3 Resistive Force Past Free Strain
32.4 Experimental Observation of Resistive Forces with Varying Pressure
32.5 Implications on Overall Performance of a Variable Recruitment Bundle
32.6 Conclusion
References
33 Numerical and Experimental Study on the Modal Characteristics of a Rotor Test Rig
33.1 Introduction
33.2 Experimental Setup
33.2.1 Mechanical Structure
33.2.2 Data Acquisition
33.2.3 Experimental Modal Analysis Software
33.2.4 Measurement Repeatability
33.3 Experimental Modal Analysis
33.3.1 Excitation Variation
33.3.2 Experimental Modal Analysis Results
33.4 Correlation with Numerical Model
33.4.1 Numerical model
33.4.2 Experimental and Numerical Model Comparison
33.5 Conclusion
References
34 A Comparison of Different Boundary Condition Correction Methods
Nomenclature
34.1 Introduction
34.2 Demonstration Test Article
34.3 Summary of Test and Free-Free Modes
34.4 Method 1: Fixed Base Correction Method
34.5 Method 2: Constraint Shape Applied Directly to Mode Shapes
34.6 Method 3: Hybrid Approach
34.7 Summary
References
35 Deflection Shape Balancing: An Alternative to Modal Balancing
35.1 Introduction
35.2 Background
35.3 Analysis
35.3.1 5 Weight Planes
35.3.2 10 Weight Planes
35.3.3 15 Weight Planes
35.3.4 20 Weight Planes
35.3.5 28 Weight Planes
35.3.6 Impact of the Number of Weight Planes
35.4 Conclusion
36 Real-Time Theoretical and Experimental Dynamic Mode Shapes for Structural Analysis Using Augmented Reality
36.1 Introduction
36.2 Experiment
36.2.1 Specimen
36.2.2 Theoretical Analysis
36.2.3 Experimental Analysis
36.3 Software Application Framework
36.4 Results
36.5 Ongoing Work
36.6 Conclusion
References
37 A Bottom-Up Approach to FE Model Updating of Industrial Structures
37.1 Project Motivation and Scope
37.2 Theoretical Background
37.3 Measurement of the Test Model
37.3.1 Test I
37.3.2 Test II
37.3.3 Test III
37.4 FE Modeling and Updating
37.4.1 Model I
37.4.2 Model II
37.4.3 Model III
37.5 Conclusions and Further Work
References
38 Shaft Bending to Zero Nodal Diameter Disc Coupling Effects in Rotating Structures Due to Asymmetric Bearing Supports
38.1 Introduction
38.2 Model Description
38.3 Numerical Results
38.4 Conclusions
References
39 Dynamic Characterization of a Pop-Up Folding Flat Explorer Robot (PUFFER) for PlanetaryExploration
39.1 Introduction
39.2 Background
39.3 Initial Puffer Finite Element Model
39.4 Modal Test Process Validation
39.5 Test Procedure
39.6 Test Results
39.7 Updated Puffer Finite Element Model
References
40 A Framework for the Design of Rotating Multiple Tuned Mass Damper
40.1 Introduction
40.2 Optimization of a Multiple Tuned Mass Damper Adapted to Rotating Frame
40.3 Conclusion
References
41 Operational Modal Analysis of Wind Turbine Drivetrain with Focus on Damping Extraction
41.1 Introduction
41.2 Methodology and Theoretical Background
41.2.1 Reduction of the Influence of Harmonic Content
41.2.2 Modal Parameter Estimation
PolyMax (p-LSCF)
PolyMax Plus
Stochastic Subspace Identification
41.3 Simulations
41.3.1 Comparison Between the Different Modal Parameter Estimators
41.3.2 Comparison Between the Different Lifter Types
41.4 Wind Turbine Application
41.5 Conclusions
References
42 Investigation of Viscous and Friction Damping Mechanisms in a Cantilever Beam and Hanger System
42.1 Introduction
42.2 Background
42.3 Procedure
42.4 Results
42.5 Analysis
42.6 Conclusion and Future Work
Reference
43 Detecting Nonsynchronous Heart Cells from Video - An Unsupervised Machine Learning Approach
43.1 Background
43.2 Motivation
43.3 Methodology
43.3.1 Video/Data Collection
43.3.2 Signal Processing
Non-negative Matrix Factorization
Sparse and Low-Rank Matrix Decompositions
43.4 Results
43.4.1 Non-negative Matrix Factorization on Videos
43.4.2 Sparse and Low-Rank Matrix Decompositions on Videos
43.4.3 Non-negative Matrix Factorization on Low-Rank Components
43.4.4 Mutual Information
43.5 Conclusion
References

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Topics in Modal Analysis & Testing, Volume 8

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