Autodesk 3ds Max 2016 Essentials

Introduction xxi

Chapter 1 The 3ds Max Inter face 1

Navigating the Workspace 1

User-Interface Elements 1

Viewports 4

ViewCube 6

Mouse Buttons 6

Quad Menus 7

Displaying Objects in a Viewport 8

Viewport Navigation 10

Transforming Objects Using Gizmos 11

Graphite Modeling Tools Set 13

Command Panel 14

Object Parameters and Values 14

Modifier Stack 15

Objects and Sub-Objects 15

Time Slider and Track Bar 16

File Management 16

Setting a Project 16

Version Up! 18

Now You Know 18

Chapter 2 Your First 3ds Max Project 19

Setting Up a Project Workflow 19

Exercise 2.1: Setting Up a Project 20

The Secret to Accurate Modeling: Reference Material! 20

Exercise 2.2: Setting Up the Modeling Reference 21

Building a Simple Model 24

Exercise 2.3: Starting with a Primitive 24

Exercise 2.4: Modeling in Sub-Object Mode 25

Exercise 2.5: Bringing on the Bevel 29

Exercise 2.6: Chamfering Time 32

Creating Details Using Splines 38

Exercise 2.7: Building the Handle 38

Lathing, Extruding, and Beveling to Create 3D from 2D 45

Exercise 2.8: Lathing to Make a Whole 45

Exercise 2.9: Creating the Clock Numbers and Hands 48

Bringing It All Together 54

Exercise 2.10: Using Merge 54

Now You Know 56

Chapter 3 Modeling in 3ds Max: Architectural Model Par t I 57

Setting Up the Scene 58

Exercise 3.1: Setting Up Units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

Exercise 3.2: Importing a CAD Drawing 59

Building the Room 63

Exercise 3.3: Creating the Walls 63

Exercise 3.4: Creating the Doors 66

Exercise 3.5: Creating the Window 69

Exercise 3.6: Adding a Floor and a Ceiling 71

Adding Special Details to the Room 74

Exercise 3.7: Creating Baseboard Moldings 75

Now You Know 82

Chapter 4 Modeling in 3ds Max: Architectural Model Par t II 83

Modeling the Couch 83

Exercise 4.1: Blocking Out the Couch Model 84

Exercise 4.2: Using NURMS to Add Softness 86

Exercise 4.3: Building Detail on the Couch Model 89

Exercise 4.4: Creating the Chaise Lounge 92

Exercise 4.5: Modeling the Couch Feet 95

Modeling the Lounge Chair 97

Exercise 4.6: Creating Image Planes 98

Exercise 4.7: Adding the Images 99

Exercise 4.8: Building the Splines for the Chair Frame 100

Exercise 4.9: Building the Chair Cushion 106

Exercise 4.10: Creating the Chair's Base 108

Bringing It All Together 113

Now You Know 115

Chapter 5 Introduction to Animation 117

Animating the Ball 118

Exercise 5.1: Setting Keyframes 118

Exercise 5.2: Copying Keyframes 120

Exercise 5.3: Using the Track View - Curve Editor 121

Reading Animation Curves 124

Refining the Animation 126

Exercise 5.4: Editing Animation Curves 127

Exercise 5.5: Squash and Stretch 129

Exercise 5.6: Setting the Timing 131

Exercise 5.7: Moving the Ball Forward 132

Exercise 5.8: Using the XForm Modifier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135

Exercise 5.9: Animating the XForm Modifier 136

Exercise 5.10: Correcting the Rotation 137

Now You Know 138

Chapter 6 Animation Principles 139

Anticipation and Momentum in Knife Throwing 139

Exercise 6.1: Blocking Out the Animation 139

Exercise 6.2: Working with Trajectories 142

Exercise 6.3: Adding Rotation 144

Exercise 6.4: Adding Anticipation 146

Exercise 6.5: Following Through 148

Exercise 6.6: Transferring Momentum to the Target 149

Now You Know 152

Chapter 7 Character Modeling Par t I 153

Setting Up the Scene 153

Exercise 7.1: Creating the Image Planes 154

Exercise 7.2: Adding the Images to the Planes 155

Blocking Out the Alien Model 156

Exercise 7.3: Forming the Torso 157

Exercise 7.4: Creating Symmetry 161

Exercise 7.5: Blocking Out the Arms 162

Exercise 7.6: Blocking Out the Leg 167

Exercise 7.7: Refining the Body 172

Exercise 7.8: Building the Neck 179

Now You Know 184

Chapter 8 Character Modeling Part II 185

Creating the Alien Head 185

Exercise 8.1: Blocking Out the Head 185

Exercise 8.2: Building the Nose and Eye 188

Building the Alien Hand 194

Exercise 8.3: Building the Palm of the Hand 194

Exercise 8.4: Beveling the Fingers 196

Building the Foot 203

Exercise 8.5: Blocking Out the Foot 203

Exercise 8.6: Beveling the Toes 205

Completing the Alien 208

Exercise 8.7: Attaching to the Body 208

Exercise 8.8: Using Symmetry 214

Exercise 8.9: Finishing the Head 215

Now You Know 220

Chapter 9 Introduction to Materials 221

Navigating the Slate Material Editor 221

Identifying the Standard Material 223

Standard Materials 223

Identifying the mental ray Material 224

Identifying Shaders 224

Building Materials for the Couch 225

Exercise 9.1: Creating a Standard Material 225

Exercise 9.2: Applying the Material to the Couch 226

Exercise 9.3: Adding a Bitmap 228

Exercise 9.4: Mapping Coordinates 230

Exercise 9.5: Adding Materials to the Feet 232

Exercise 9.6: Applying a Bump Map 234

Building Materials for the Lounge Chair 236

Exercise 9.7: Creating a Leather Material for the Chair Cushion 236

Exercise 9.8: Creating a Reflective Material 238

Building Materials for the Window 241

Exercise 9.9: Creating a Multi/Sub-Object Material 242

Now You Know 247

Chapter 10 Textures and UV Workf low: The Alien 249

Defining UVs on the Alien's Body 250

Exercise 10.1: Seaming the Alien's Body 250

Unwrapping UVs on the Alien's Body 256

Exercise 10.2: Unwrapping the Alien's Arm 257

Exercise 10.3: Unwrapping the Alien's Body 261

Exercise 10.4: Arranging the Alien's UVs 263

Building and Applying Material to the Alien 266

Exercise 10.5: Applying the Color Map 266

Exercise 10.6: Applying the Bump Map 267

Exercise 10.7: Applying the Specular Map 269

Now You Know 271

Chapter 11 Character Studio: Rigging 273

Character Studio Workflow 273

General Workflow 274

Associating a Biped with the Alien Model 276

Exercise 11.1: Creating and Modifying the Biped 276

Exercise 11.2: Adjusting the Torso and Arms 283

Exercise 11.3: Adjusting the Neck and Head 285

Skinning the Alien Model 287

Exercise 11.4: Applying the Skin Modifier 288

Exercise 11.5: Testing the Model 288

Exercise 11.6: Tweaking the Skin Modifier 290

Exercise 11.7: Testing the Alien Model Rig 294

Exercise 11.8: Controlling the View 296

Now You Know 298

Chapter 12 Character Studio: Animation 299

Animating the Alien 299

Exercise 12.1: Adding a Run-and-Jump Sequence 300

Freeform Animation 302

Exercise 12.2: Moving the Head 302

Exercise 12.3: Moving the Arms 305

Exercise 12.4: Completing the Motion Sequence 307

Modifying Animation in the Dope Sheet 308

Exercise 12.5: Adding Footsteps Manually 308

Exercise 10.6: Using the Dope Sheet 309

Now You Know 314

Chapter 13 Introduction to Lighting: Interior Lighting 315

Recognizing 3ds Max Lights 315

Standard Lights 316

Target Spotlight 316

Target Direct Light 318

Free Spot or Free Direct Light 319

Omni Light 320

Lighting a Still Life 321

Exercise 13.1: Setting Up the Basic Lights for the Scene 322

Exercise 13.2: Adding Shadows 325

Exercise 13.3: Adding a Fill Light 326

Exercise 13.4: Setting Up the Fill Light Attenuation 328

Selecting a Shadow Type 330

Atmospherics and Effects 332

Exercise 13.5: Creating a Volume Light 332

Volume Light Parameters 337

The Light Lister 338

Now You Know 339

Chapter 14 3ds Max Rendering 341

Navigating the Render Setup Dialog 341

Common Tab 342

Choosing a Filename 343

Rendered Frame Window 344

Render Processing 344

Assign Renderer 345

Rendering a Scene 346

Exercise 14.1: Rendering the Bouncing Ball 346

Working with Cameras 348

Exercise 14.2: Creating a Camera 350

Exercise 14.3: Animating a Camera 352

Exercise 14.4: Clarifying Safe Frames 354

Raytraced Reflections and Refractions 356

Exercise 14.5: Creating Reflections with Raytrace Material 357

Exercise 14.6: Raytrace Mapping 359

Exercise 14.7: Using the Raytrace Material to Create Refractions 360

Exercise 14.8: Using Raytrace Mapping to Create Refractions 363

Rendering the Interior and Furniture 365

Exercise 14.9: Adding Raytraced Reflections 365

Exercise 14.10: Outputting the Render 367

Now You Know 368

Chapter 15 mental ray 369

Navigating the mental ray Renderer 369

Exercise 15.1: Enabling the mental ray Renderer 369

mental ray Sampling Quality 370

Navigating the Final Gather Parameters 372

Basic Group 373

Advanced Group 374

The mental ray Rendered Frame Window 375

Navigating mental ray Materials 376

Exercise 15.2: Setting Up the Material Editor 376

Exercise 15.3: Using Arch & Design Material Templates 377

Exercise 15.4: Creating Arch & Design Materials 381

Exercise 15.5: Using the Multi/Sub-Object Material and Arch & Design 383

Using Photometric Lights with mental ray 385

Exercise 15.6: Using Photometric Lights in mental ray Renderings 385

Using the Daylight System 391

Exercise 15.7: Using the Daylight System in mental ray Renderings 391

Now You Know 396

Appendix Autodesk 3ds Max Certification 397

Index 401