Swift for Programmers
1st Edition
Published on 16. January 2015
600 pages
978-0-13-402154-6 (ISBN)
Description
The professional programmer's Deitel (R) guide to Apple's new Swift programming language for the iOS (R) and OS X (R) platforms
?
Written for programmers with a background in object-oriented programming in a C-based language like Objective-C, Java, C# or C++, this book applies the Deitel signature live-code approach with scores of complete, working, real-world programs to explore the new Swift language in depth. The code examples feature syntax shading, code highlighting, rich commenting, line-by-line code walkthroughs and live program outputs. The book features thousands of lines of proven Swift code, and tips that will help you build robust applications.
?
Start with an introduction to Swift using an early classes and objects approach, then rapidly move on to more advanced topics. When you master the material, you'll be ready to build industrial-strength object-oriented Swift applications.
About This Book
?
The Swift (TM) programming language was arguably the most significant announcement at Apple's 2014 Worldwide Developers Conference. Although apps can still be developed in Objective-C (R), Apple says that Swift is its applications programming and systems programming language of the future.
?
Swift is a contemporary language with simpler syntax than Objective-C. Because Swift is new, its designers were able to include popular programming language features from languages such as Objective-C, Java (TM), C#, Ruby, Python (R) and many others. These features include automatic reference counting (ARC), type inference, optionals, String interpolation, tuples, closures (lambdas), extensions, generics, operator overloading, functions with multiple return values, switch statement enhancements and more. We've been able to develop apps more quickly in Swift than with Objective-C and the code is shorter, clearer and runs faster on today's multi-core architectures.
?
Swift also eliminates the possibility of many errors common in other languages, making your code more robust and secure. Some of these error-prevention features include no implicit conversions, ARC, no pointers, required braces around every control statement's body, assignment operators that do not return values, requiring initialization of all variables and constants before they're used, array bounds checking, automatic checking for overflow of integer calculations, and more. You can combine Swift and Objective-C in the same app to enhance existing Objective-C apps without having to rewrite all the code. Your apps will easily be able to interact with the Cocoa (R)/Cocoa Touch (R) frameworks, which are largely written in Objective-C.
?
You can also use the new Xcode playgrounds with Swift. A playground is an Xcode window in which you can enter Swift code that compiles and executes as you type it. This allows you to see and hear your code's results as you write it, quickly find and fix errors, and conveniently experiment with features of Swift and the Cocoa/Cocoa Touch frameworks.
?
Practical, Example-Rich Coverage of:
Classes, Objects, Methods, Properties
Initializers, Deinitializers, Bridging
Tuples, Array and Dictionary Collections
Structures, Enumerations, Closures, ARC
Inheritance, Polymorphism, Protocols
Type Methods, Type Properties
Generics; Strings and Characters
Operator Overloading, Operator Functions, Custom Operators, Subscripts
Access Control; Type Casting and Checking
Nested Types, Nested Methods
Optionals, Optional Chaining, Extensions
Xcode, Playgrounds, Intro to Cocoa Touch (R) with a Fully Coded iOS (R) 8 Tip Calculator App
Overflow Operators, Attributes, Patterns
More topics online
?
IMPORTANT NOTE ABOUT XCODE AND SWIFT: With Xcode 6.3 and Swift 1.2, Apple introduced several changes in Swift that affect the book's source code. Please visit www.deitel.com/books/iOS8FP1 for updated source code. The changes do not affect Xcode 6.2 users. You can download Xcode 6.2 from developer.apple.com/downloads/index.action (you'll have to log in with your Apple developer account to see the list of downloads).
? Visit www.deitel.com
Download code examples
For information on Deitel's Dive Into (R) Series programming training courses delivered at organizations worldwide visit www.deitel.com/training or to deitel@deitel.com
Join the Deitel social networking communities on Facebook (R) at facebook.com/DeitelFan, Twitter (R) at @deitel, Google+ (TM) at google.com/+DeitelFan, LinkedIn (R) at bit.ly/DeitelLinkedIn, YouTube (TM) at youtube.com/user/DeitelTV and subscribe to the Deitel (R) Buzz Online e-mail newsletter at www.deitel.com/newsletter/ subscribe.html
?
?
Written for programmers with a background in object-oriented programming in a C-based language like Objective-C, Java, C# or C++, this book applies the Deitel signature live-code approach with scores of complete, working, real-world programs to explore the new Swift language in depth. The code examples feature syntax shading, code highlighting, rich commenting, line-by-line code walkthroughs and live program outputs. The book features thousands of lines of proven Swift code, and tips that will help you build robust applications.
?
Start with an introduction to Swift using an early classes and objects approach, then rapidly move on to more advanced topics. When you master the material, you'll be ready to build industrial-strength object-oriented Swift applications.
About This Book
?
The Swift (TM) programming language was arguably the most significant announcement at Apple's 2014 Worldwide Developers Conference. Although apps can still be developed in Objective-C (R), Apple says that Swift is its applications programming and systems programming language of the future.
?
Swift is a contemporary language with simpler syntax than Objective-C. Because Swift is new, its designers were able to include popular programming language features from languages such as Objective-C, Java (TM), C#, Ruby, Python (R) and many others. These features include automatic reference counting (ARC), type inference, optionals, String interpolation, tuples, closures (lambdas), extensions, generics, operator overloading, functions with multiple return values, switch statement enhancements and more. We've been able to develop apps more quickly in Swift than with Objective-C and the code is shorter, clearer and runs faster on today's multi-core architectures.
?
Swift also eliminates the possibility of many errors common in other languages, making your code more robust and secure. Some of these error-prevention features include no implicit conversions, ARC, no pointers, required braces around every control statement's body, assignment operators that do not return values, requiring initialization of all variables and constants before they're used, array bounds checking, automatic checking for overflow of integer calculations, and more. You can combine Swift and Objective-C in the same app to enhance existing Objective-C apps without having to rewrite all the code. Your apps will easily be able to interact with the Cocoa (R)/Cocoa Touch (R) frameworks, which are largely written in Objective-C.
?
You can also use the new Xcode playgrounds with Swift. A playground is an Xcode window in which you can enter Swift code that compiles and executes as you type it. This allows you to see and hear your code's results as you write it, quickly find and fix errors, and conveniently experiment with features of Swift and the Cocoa/Cocoa Touch frameworks.
?
Practical, Example-Rich Coverage of:
Classes, Objects, Methods, Properties
Initializers, Deinitializers, Bridging
Tuples, Array and Dictionary Collections
Structures, Enumerations, Closures, ARC
Inheritance, Polymorphism, Protocols
Type Methods, Type Properties
Generics; Strings and Characters
Operator Overloading, Operator Functions, Custom Operators, Subscripts
Access Control; Type Casting and Checking
Nested Types, Nested Methods
Optionals, Optional Chaining, Extensions
Xcode, Playgrounds, Intro to Cocoa Touch (R) with a Fully Coded iOS (R) 8 Tip Calculator App
Overflow Operators, Attributes, Patterns
More topics online
?
IMPORTANT NOTE ABOUT XCODE AND SWIFT: With Xcode 6.3 and Swift 1.2, Apple introduced several changes in Swift that affect the book's source code. Please visit www.deitel.com/books/iOS8FP1 for updated source code. The changes do not affect Xcode 6.2 users. You can download Xcode 6.2 from developer.apple.com/downloads/index.action (you'll have to log in with your Apple developer account to see the list of downloads).
? Visit www.deitel.com
Download code examples
For information on Deitel's Dive Into (R) Series programming training courses delivered at organizations worldwide visit www.deitel.com/training or to deitel@deitel.com
Join the Deitel social networking communities on Facebook (R) at facebook.com/DeitelFan, Twitter (R) at @deitel, Google+ (TM) at google.com/+DeitelFan, LinkedIn (R) at bit.ly/DeitelLinkedIn, YouTube (TM) at youtube.com/user/DeitelTV and subscribe to the Deitel (R) Buzz Online e-mail newsletter at www.deitel.com/newsletter/ subscribe.html
?
More details
Edition
1. Auflage
Language
English
Place of publication
United States
Publishing group
Pearson Education (US)
Target group
Professional and scholarly
ISBN-13
978-0-13-402154-6 (9780134021546)
Copyright in bibliographic data and cover images is held by Nielsen Book Services Limited or by the publishers or by their respective licensors: all rights reserved.
Schweitzer Classification
Other editions
Additional editions
Paul J. Deitel | Harvey Deitel
Swift for Programmers
Book
02/2015
Prentice Hall
€37.13
Article exhausted; check different version
Persons
Paul Deitel and Harvey Deitel are the founders of Deitel & Associates, Inc., the internationally recognized programming languages authoring and corporate-training organization. Millions of people worldwide have used Deitel books, LiveLessons video training and online resource centers to master iOS (R) app development in Swift and Objective-C, and Java (TM), C++, Android (TM), C#, .NET, Visual Basic (R), Visual C++ (R), C, Internet and web programming, JavaScript (R), HTML, CSS, XML, Python (R), PHP and more.
Content
Preface xix
Before You Begin xxvii
Chapter 1: Introduction to Swift and Xcode 6 1
1.1 Introduction 2
1.2 Apple's OS X (R) and iOS (R) Operating Systems: A Brief History 3
1.3 Objective-C 3
1.4 Swift: Apple's Programming Language of the Future 4
1.5 Can I Use Swift Exclusively? 9
1.6 Xcode 6 Integrated Development Environment 10
1.7 Creating Swift Apps with Xcode 6 13
1.8 Web Resources 18
Chapter 2: Introduction to Swift Programming 20
2.1 Introduction 21
2.2 A First Swift Program: Printing a Line of Text 21
2.3 Modifying Your First Program 23
2.4 Composing Larger Strings with String Interpolation 25
2.5 Another Application: Adding Integers 27
2.6 Arithmetic 28
2.7 Decision Making: The if Conditional Statement and the Comparative Operators 29
2.8 Wrap-Up 32
Chapter 3: Introduction to Classes, Objects, Methods and Functions 33
3.1 Introduction 34
3.2 Account Class 35
3.3 Creating and Using Account Objects 40
3.4 Value Types vs. Reference Types 45
3.5 Software Engineering with Access Modifiers 46
3.6 Wrap-Up 47
Chapter 4: Control Statements; Assignment, Increment and Logical Operators 48
4.1 Introduction 49
4.2 Control Statements 49
4.3 if Conditional Statement 50
4.4 if...else Conditional Statement 50
4.5 Compound Assignment Operators 52
4.6 Increment and Decrement Operators 53
4.7 switch Conditional Statement 55
4.8 while Loop Statement 57
4.9 do...while Loop Statement 58
4.10 for...in Loop Statement and the Range Operators 58
4.11 for Loop Statement 63
4.12 break and continue Statements 64
4.13 Logical Operators 66
4.14 Wrap-Up 69
Chapter 5: Functions and Methods: A Deeper Look; enums and Tuples 70
5.1 Introduction 71
5.2 Modules in Swift 72
5.3 Darwin Module-Using Predefined C Functions 73
5.4 Multiple-Parameter Function Definition 74
5.5 Random-Number Generation 76
5.6 Introducing Enumerations and Tuples 77
5.7 Scope of Declarations 84
5.8 Function and Method Overloading 86
5.9 External Parameter Names 88
5.10 Default Parameter Values 89
5.11 Passing Arguments by Value or by Reference 90
5.12 Recursion 92
5.13 Nested Functions 93
5.14 Wrap-Up 95
Chapter 6: Arrays and an Introduction to Closures 96
6.1 Introduction 97
6.2 Arrays 98
6.3 Creating and Initializing Arrays 99
6.4 Iterating through Arrays 101
6.5 Adding and Removing Array Elements 104
6.6 Subscript Expressions with Ranges 107
6.7 Sorting Arrays; Introduction to Closures 108
6.8 Array Methods filter, map and reduce 112
6.9 Card Shuffling and Dealing Simulation; Computed Properties; Optionals 116
6.10 Passing Arrays to Functions 121
6.11 Notes on Pass-By-Value and Pass-By-Reference 124
6.12 Multidimensional Arrays 124
6.13 Variadic Parameters 128
6.14 Wrap-Up 129
Chapter 7: Dictionary 131
7.1 Introduction 132
7.2 Declaring a Dictionary: Key-Value Pairs and Dictionary Literals 134
7.3 Declaring and Printing Empty Dictionary Objects 136
7.4 Iterating through a Dictionary with for...in 137
7.5 General-Purpose Generic Dictionary Printing Function 139
7.6 Dictionary Equality Operators == and != 140
7.7 Dictionary count and isEmpty Properties 141
7.8 Dictionary Whose Values Are Arrays 142
7.9 Dictionary's keys and values Properties 143
7.10 Inserting, Modifying and Removing Key-Value Pairs with Subscripting 145
7.11 Inserting, Removing and Modifying Key-Value Pairs 148
7.12 Building a Dictionary Dynamically: Word Counts in a String 151
7.13 Bridging Between Dictionary and Foundation Classes 153
7.14 Hash Tables and Hashing 154
7.15 Wrap-Up 155
Chapter 8: Classes: A Deeper Look and Extensions 157
8.1 Introduction 158
8.2 Time Class: Default Initializers and Property Observers 160
8.3 Designated and Convenience Initializers in Class Time 166
8.4 Failable Initializers in Class Time 170
8.5 Extensions to Class Time 174
8.6 Read-Write Computed Properties 178
8.7 Composition 181
8.8 Automatic Reference Counting, Strong References and Weak References 184
8.9 Deinitializers 185
8.10 Using NSDecimalNumber for Precise Monetary Calculations 185
8.11 Type Properties and Type Methods 187
8.12 Lazy Stored Properties and Delayed Initialization 191
8.13 Wrap-Up 192
Chapter 9: Structures, Enumerations and Nested Types 194
9.1 Introduction 195
9.2 Structure Definitions 196
9.3 Enumerations and Nested Types 202
9.4 Choosing Among Structures, Enumerations and Classes in Your Apps 209
9.5 Associated Values for enums 210
9.6 Wrap-Up 212
Chapter 10: Inheritance, Polymorphism and Protocols 214
10.1 Introduction 215
10.2 Superclasses and Subclasses 217
10.3 An Inheritance Hierarchy: CommunityMembers 218
10.4 Case Study: Using Inheritance to Create Related Employee Types 218
10.5 Access Modifiers in Inheritance Hierarchies 226
10.6 Introduction to Polymorphism: A Polymorphic Video Game Discussion 227
10.7 Case Study: Payroll System Class Hierarchy Using Polymorphism 228
10.8 Case Study: Creating and Using Custom Protocols 238
10.9 Additional Protocol Features 246
10.10 Using final to Prevent Method Overriding and Inheritance 248
10.11 Initialization and Deinitialization in Class Hierarchies 248
10.12 Wrap-Up 251
Chapter 11: Generics 253
11.1 Introduction 254
11.2 Motivation for Generic Functions 254
11.3 Generic Functions: Implementation and Specialization 255
11.4 Type Parameters with Type Constraints 258
11.5 Overloading Generic Functions 259
11.6 Generic Types 259
11.7 Note About Associated Types for Protocols 263
11.8 Wrap-Up 263
Chapter 12: Operator Overloading and Subscripts 264
12.1 Introduction 265
12.2 String Operators and Methods 266
12.3 Custom Complex Numeric Type with Overloaded Arithmetic Operators 271
12.4 Overloading Arithmetic Operators for Class NSDecimalNumber 274
12.5 Overloading Unary Operators: ++ and -- 276
12.6 Overloading Subscripts 279
12.7 Custom Operators 283
12.8 Custom Generic Operators 286
12.9 Wrap-Up 287
Chapter 13: iOS 8 App Development: Welcome App 288
13.1 Introduction 289
13.2 Technologies Overview 290
13.3 Creating a Universal App Project with Xcode 291
13.4 Xcode Workspace Window 293
13.5 Storyboarding the Welcome App's UI 296
13.6 Running the Welcome App 308
13.7 Making Your App Accessible 311
13.8 Internationalizing Your App 313
13.9 Wrap-Up 318
Chapter 14: iOS 8 App Development: Tip Calculator App 319
14.1 Introduction 320
14.2 Test-Driving the Tip Calculator App in the iPhone and iPad Simulators 321
14.3 Technologies Overview 322
14.4 Building the App's UI 325
14.5 Creating Outlets with Interface Builder 337
14.6 Creating Actions with Interface Builder 340
14.7 Class ViewController 341
14.8 Wrap-Up 349
Appendix A: Keywords 351
Appendix B: Operator Precedence Chart 352
Appendix C: Labeled break and continue Statements 354
C.1 Introduction 354
C.2 Labeled break Statement 354
C.3 Labeled continue Statement 355
Index 357
Before You Begin xxvii
Chapter 1: Introduction to Swift and Xcode 6 1
1.1 Introduction 2
1.2 Apple's OS X (R) and iOS (R) Operating Systems: A Brief History 3
1.3 Objective-C 3
1.4 Swift: Apple's Programming Language of the Future 4
1.5 Can I Use Swift Exclusively? 9
1.6 Xcode 6 Integrated Development Environment 10
1.7 Creating Swift Apps with Xcode 6 13
1.8 Web Resources 18
Chapter 2: Introduction to Swift Programming 20
2.1 Introduction 21
2.2 A First Swift Program: Printing a Line of Text 21
2.3 Modifying Your First Program 23
2.4 Composing Larger Strings with String Interpolation 25
2.5 Another Application: Adding Integers 27
2.6 Arithmetic 28
2.7 Decision Making: The if Conditional Statement and the Comparative Operators 29
2.8 Wrap-Up 32
Chapter 3: Introduction to Classes, Objects, Methods and Functions 33
3.1 Introduction 34
3.2 Account Class 35
3.3 Creating and Using Account Objects 40
3.4 Value Types vs. Reference Types 45
3.5 Software Engineering with Access Modifiers 46
3.6 Wrap-Up 47
Chapter 4: Control Statements; Assignment, Increment and Logical Operators 48
4.1 Introduction 49
4.2 Control Statements 49
4.3 if Conditional Statement 50
4.4 if...else Conditional Statement 50
4.5 Compound Assignment Operators 52
4.6 Increment and Decrement Operators 53
4.7 switch Conditional Statement 55
4.8 while Loop Statement 57
4.9 do...while Loop Statement 58
4.10 for...in Loop Statement and the Range Operators 58
4.11 for Loop Statement 63
4.12 break and continue Statements 64
4.13 Logical Operators 66
4.14 Wrap-Up 69
Chapter 5: Functions and Methods: A Deeper Look; enums and Tuples 70
5.1 Introduction 71
5.2 Modules in Swift 72
5.3 Darwin Module-Using Predefined C Functions 73
5.4 Multiple-Parameter Function Definition 74
5.5 Random-Number Generation 76
5.6 Introducing Enumerations and Tuples 77
5.7 Scope of Declarations 84
5.8 Function and Method Overloading 86
5.9 External Parameter Names 88
5.10 Default Parameter Values 89
5.11 Passing Arguments by Value or by Reference 90
5.12 Recursion 92
5.13 Nested Functions 93
5.14 Wrap-Up 95
Chapter 6: Arrays and an Introduction to Closures 96
6.1 Introduction 97
6.2 Arrays 98
6.3 Creating and Initializing Arrays 99
6.4 Iterating through Arrays 101
6.5 Adding and Removing Array Elements 104
6.6 Subscript Expressions with Ranges 107
6.7 Sorting Arrays; Introduction to Closures 108
6.8 Array Methods filter, map and reduce 112
6.9 Card Shuffling and Dealing Simulation; Computed Properties; Optionals 116
6.10 Passing Arrays to Functions 121
6.11 Notes on Pass-By-Value and Pass-By-Reference 124
6.12 Multidimensional Arrays 124
6.13 Variadic Parameters 128
6.14 Wrap-Up 129
Chapter 7: Dictionary 131
7.1 Introduction 132
7.2 Declaring a Dictionary: Key-Value Pairs and Dictionary Literals 134
7.3 Declaring and Printing Empty Dictionary Objects 136
7.4 Iterating through a Dictionary with for...in 137
7.5 General-Purpose Generic Dictionary Printing Function 139
7.6 Dictionary Equality Operators == and != 140
7.7 Dictionary count and isEmpty Properties 141
7.8 Dictionary Whose Values Are Arrays 142
7.9 Dictionary's keys and values Properties 143
7.10 Inserting, Modifying and Removing Key-Value Pairs with Subscripting 145
7.11 Inserting, Removing and Modifying Key-Value Pairs 148
7.12 Building a Dictionary Dynamically: Word Counts in a String 151
7.13 Bridging Between Dictionary and Foundation Classes 153
7.14 Hash Tables and Hashing 154
7.15 Wrap-Up 155
Chapter 8: Classes: A Deeper Look and Extensions 157
8.1 Introduction 158
8.2 Time Class: Default Initializers and Property Observers 160
8.3 Designated and Convenience Initializers in Class Time 166
8.4 Failable Initializers in Class Time 170
8.5 Extensions to Class Time 174
8.6 Read-Write Computed Properties 178
8.7 Composition 181
8.8 Automatic Reference Counting, Strong References and Weak References 184
8.9 Deinitializers 185
8.10 Using NSDecimalNumber for Precise Monetary Calculations 185
8.11 Type Properties and Type Methods 187
8.12 Lazy Stored Properties and Delayed Initialization 191
8.13 Wrap-Up 192
Chapter 9: Structures, Enumerations and Nested Types 194
9.1 Introduction 195
9.2 Structure Definitions 196
9.3 Enumerations and Nested Types 202
9.4 Choosing Among Structures, Enumerations and Classes in Your Apps 209
9.5 Associated Values for enums 210
9.6 Wrap-Up 212
Chapter 10: Inheritance, Polymorphism and Protocols 214
10.1 Introduction 215
10.2 Superclasses and Subclasses 217
10.3 An Inheritance Hierarchy: CommunityMembers 218
10.4 Case Study: Using Inheritance to Create Related Employee Types 218
10.5 Access Modifiers in Inheritance Hierarchies 226
10.6 Introduction to Polymorphism: A Polymorphic Video Game Discussion 227
10.7 Case Study: Payroll System Class Hierarchy Using Polymorphism 228
10.8 Case Study: Creating and Using Custom Protocols 238
10.9 Additional Protocol Features 246
10.10 Using final to Prevent Method Overriding and Inheritance 248
10.11 Initialization and Deinitialization in Class Hierarchies 248
10.12 Wrap-Up 251
Chapter 11: Generics 253
11.1 Introduction 254
11.2 Motivation for Generic Functions 254
11.3 Generic Functions: Implementation and Specialization 255
11.4 Type Parameters with Type Constraints 258
11.5 Overloading Generic Functions 259
11.6 Generic Types 259
11.7 Note About Associated Types for Protocols 263
11.8 Wrap-Up 263
Chapter 12: Operator Overloading and Subscripts 264
12.1 Introduction 265
12.2 String Operators and Methods 266
12.3 Custom Complex Numeric Type with Overloaded Arithmetic Operators 271
12.4 Overloading Arithmetic Operators for Class NSDecimalNumber 274
12.5 Overloading Unary Operators: ++ and -- 276
12.6 Overloading Subscripts 279
12.7 Custom Operators 283
12.8 Custom Generic Operators 286
12.9 Wrap-Up 287
Chapter 13: iOS 8 App Development: Welcome App 288
13.1 Introduction 289
13.2 Technologies Overview 290
13.3 Creating a Universal App Project with Xcode 291
13.4 Xcode Workspace Window 293
13.5 Storyboarding the Welcome App's UI 296
13.6 Running the Welcome App 308
13.7 Making Your App Accessible 311
13.8 Internationalizing Your App 313
13.9 Wrap-Up 318
Chapter 14: iOS 8 App Development: Tip Calculator App 319
14.1 Introduction 320
14.2 Test-Driving the Tip Calculator App in the iPhone and iPad Simulators 321
14.3 Technologies Overview 322
14.4 Building the App's UI 325
14.5 Creating Outlets with Interface Builder 337
14.6 Creating Actions with Interface Builder 340
14.7 Class ViewController 341
14.8 Wrap-Up 349
Appendix A: Keywords 351
Appendix B: Operator Precedence Chart 352
Appendix C: Labeled break and continue Statements 354
C.1 Introduction 354
C.2 Labeled break Statement 354
C.3 Labeled continue Statement 355
Index 357
