Current Topics in Membranes and Transport

Name: Current Topics in Membranes and Transport | Electrogenic ion pumps
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Electrogenic ion pumps

Academic Press

Published on 20. May 1982

519 pages

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978-0-08-058487-4 (ISBN)

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Front Cover
Electrolgenic Ion Pumps
Copyright Page
Contents
List of Contributors
Preface
Yale Membrane Transport Processes Volumes
Contents of Previous Volumes
Historical Introduction
PART I: DEMONSTRATION OF PUMB ELECTROGENICITY IN EUKARYOTIC CELLS
Chapter 1. Electrophysiology of the Sodium Pump in a Snail Neuron
I. Introduction
II. Methods
III. Results
IV. Discussion
References
Chapter 2. Hyperpolarization of Frog Skeletal Muscle Fibers and of Canine Cardiac Purkinje Fibers During Enhanced Na+-K+ Exchange: Extracellular K+ Depletion or Increased Pump Current?
I. Introduction
II. Experiments Using Frog Skeletal Muscle Fibers
III. Experiments Using Canine Cardiac Purkinje Fibers
IV. Summary and Conclusions
References
Chapter 3. The Electrogenic Pump in the Plasma Membrane of Nitella
I. Introduction
II. Evidence for the Electrogenic Pump
III. Identity of the Pumped Ion
IV. Energy Source for the Electrogenic Pump
V. Dependence of the Membrane Potential on External and Internal pH
VI. The Relationship between the Electrogenic Pump and the Membrane Conductance
VII. Conclusions
References
Chapter 4. Control of Electrogenesis by ATP, Mg2+, H+, and Light in Perfused Cells of Chara
I. Introduction
II. Method for Controlling Intracellular Environment by Internal Perfusion
III. Dependence of Electrogenesis and Net H+ Efflux on Mg'ATP
IV. Dependence of Electrogenesis on pHi, pHo, and [K+]O
V. Modulation of Electrogenesis by Light
VI. Discussion
VII. Concluding Remarks
References
PART II: THE EVIDENCE IN EPITHELIAL MEMBRANES
Chapter 5. An Electrogenic Sodium Pump in a Mammalian Tight Epithelium
I. Introduction
II. Electrical Structure of an Epithelium
III. Basic Transport Properties of Rabbit Urinary Bladder
IV. Electrical Measurements
V. Epithelial Parameters
VI. Pump Properties
VII. Summary
References
Chapter 6. A Coupled Electrogenic Na+-K+ Pump for Mediating Transepithelial Sodium Transport in Frog Skin
I. Introduction
II. Coupling between Active Na+ and K+ Transport
III. Conclusions
References.
Chapter 7. Transepithelial Potassium Transport in Insect Midgut by an Electrogenic Alkali Metal Ion Pump
I. Introduction
II. Methods
III. Behavior of the Midgut K+ Transport System
IV. Membrane Structure and Location of Transport Functions
V. A Potassium Transport ATPase
References
Chapter 8. The ATP-Dependent Component of Gastric Acid Secretion
I. Introduction
II. Site of Acid Secretion
III. Energy Source for Acid Secretion
IV. Location of the K+-Dependent ATPase
V. Nature of the ATPase
VI. Steps in ATP Hydrolysis
VII. H+ Transport by Gastric ATPase
VIII. K+ Transport by Gastric ATPase
IX. Electrogenicity of the Pump
X. pH Gradient and Stoichiometry
XI. Structural Aspects of the ATPase
XII. Summary and Conclusions
References
PART III: REVERSIBILITY: ATP SYNTHESIS DRIVEN BY ELECTRIC FIELDS
Chapter 9. Effect of Electrochemical Gradients on Active H+ Transport in an Epithelium
I. Introduction
II. Proton Secretion by Turtle Bladder
III. Efficiency of Energy Conversion
IV. Reversibility
V. Stoichiometry
VI. Ion Transport as a Pacemaker of Cellular Metabolism
VII. Conclusions
References
Chapter 10. Coupling between H+ Entry and ATP Synthesis in Bacteria
I. Introduction
II. Voltage-Driven Reversal
III. Proton Entry Coupled to ATP Synthesis
IV. Stoichiometry of the Coupling between H+ and ATP,
V. Rates of ATP Formation and the Nature of the Driving Force
VI. Conclusions
References
Chapter 11. Net ATP Synthesis by H+-ATPase Reconstituted into Liposomes
I . Introduction
II. Electrogenic Properties of H+-ATPase
III. Net ATP Synthesis Driven by DµH+
IV. Molecular Properties of H+-ATPase
V. Epilogue
References
Chapter 12. Phosphorylation in Chloroplasts: ATP Synthesis Driven by and by pH of Artificial or Light-Generated Origin
I. Introduction
II. Background Information
III. Coupling of Proton Transport to ATP Synthesis
IV. The Functional Unit for ATP Synthesis
V. The Kinetics of ATP Synthesis
VI. The Problem of Energetic Sufficiency
VII. Epilogue: Conformational Changes Associated with Energization
References
PART IV: SOME THEORETICAL QUESTIONS
Chapter 13. Response of the Proton Motive Force to the Pulse of an Electrogenic Proton Pump
I. Introduction
II. Treatment in Terms of Thermodynamics of Irreversible Processes
References
Chapter 14. Reaction Kinetic Analysis of Current-Voltage Relationships for Electrogenic Pumps in Neurospora and Acetabularia
I. Introduction
II. Theory: Reduction of Kinetic Models
III. Results
IV. Extensions of the Model
References
Chapter 15. Some Physics of Ion Transport
I. Free Ion and Ion Carrier Migration
II. Ion Conductance
References
PART V: MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF CHARGE SEPARATION
Chapter 16. An H+-ATP Synthetase: A Substrate Translocation Concept
I. The Substrate Translocation Hypothesis
II. Determination of the Equilibrium Constant for the Reaction ATP + H2O = ADP + Pi at the Active Site of H+-ATP Synthetase
III. The Energy-Dependent Release of F1-Bound AMPPNP from the Membrane of Submitochondrial Particles
IV. Comparative Inhibitor Analysis of Solubilized and Membrane-Bound Factor F1
References
Chapter 17. Proton Translocation by Cytochrome Oxidase
I. Introduction
II. The Discovery of True Proton Pumping by Cytochrome Oxidase
III. Controversy over Proton Translocation by Cytochrome Oxidase
IV. Molecular Principles and Mechanisms of Proton Translocation
References
Chapter 18. Electrogenic Reactions of the Photochemical Reaction Center and the Ubiquinone-Cytochrome b/c2 Oxidoreductase
I. Introduction
II. The Reaction Center Protein
III. The Ubiquinone-Cytochrome b/c2 Oxidoreductase
References
Chapter 19. Proton-Membrane Interactions in Chloroplast Bioenergetics
I. Introduction
II. Methods and Rationale
III. Results and Discussion
IV. Concluding Remarks
References
Chapter 20. Photochemical Charge Separation and Active Transport in the Purple Membrane
I. Introduction
II. The Primary Photochemical Event
III. Mechanistic Implications of Steady State Kinetics
IV. Relating Kinetic and Molecular Models
V. Summary
References
Chapter 21. Mitochondria1 Transhydrogenase: General Principles of Functioning
I. Introduction
II. The Hypothesis of the Mechanism of DµH+ Generation by the Transhydrogenase Reaction
III. Known Facts and Forecasts
IV. Conclusion
References
Chapter 22. Membrane Vesicles, Electrochemical Ion Gradients, and Active Transport
I. Introduction
II. Molecular Architecture of Escherichia coli Membrane Vesicles
III. Chemiosmotic Phenomena
IV. Carrier Action
References
PART VI: BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF ELECTROGENIC ION PUMPS
Chapter 23. The Role of Electrogenic Proton Translocation in Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation
I. Introduction
II. Respiration-Dependent Proton Pumping
III. Reversible Electrogenic Proton Translocation by the F1-F0 ATPase
IV. The Role of Proton Translocation in Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation
V. Electrophoretic Metabolite Transport
VI. Summary
References
Chapter 24. Electrogenic Reactions and Proton Pumping in Green Plant Photosynthesis
I. Introduction
II. The Membrane
III. Electrogenic Reaction Steps
IV. Protolytic Reaction Steps
V. Comments on the Pathway of Protons to the ATP Synthetase
VI. Summary
References
Chapter 25. The Role of the Electrogenic Sodium Pump in Controlling Excitability in Nerve and Cardiac Fibers
I. Introduction
II. The Excitation Process
III. The Sodium Pump and Control of Excitability
IV. Excitability in Nerve and the Electrogenic Sodium Pump
V. Excitability in Cardiac Cells and the Electrogenic Pump
VI. Concluding Remarks
References
Chapter 26. Pumps and Currents: A Biological Perspective
I. Introduction
II. The Role of Ion Currents in the Metabolic Economy of Bacteria
III. Ion Currents and Energy Coupling in Eukaryotic Cells
IV. Cellular Homeostasis
V. Calcium Currents as Biological Signals
VI. Transcellular Currents and Morphogenesis
VII. A Sense of Direction
References
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