Fossil Fuels
1st Edition
Published on 8. January 2011
162 pages
978-1-61530-540-7 (ISBN)
Description
Accounting for more than 90 percent of the world's energy supply, fossil fuels-coal, petroleum, and natural gas-are not an infinite resource. Formed by the lengthy decomposition of organic matter, fossil fuels are actually limited in availability. Still, nations across the globe are dependent upon the processing and utilization of these dwindling resources. Complete with maps and detailed diagrams, this volume examines the production and distribution of fossil fuels and their viability as a future energy source.
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Content
- BOOK COVER
- TITLE
- COPYRIGHT
- CONTENTS
- INTRODUCTION
- CHAPTER 1 PETROLEUM
- ORIGINS OF CRUDE OIL
- FROM PLANKTONIC REMAINS TO KEROGEN
- FROM KEROGEN TO PETROLEUM
- ORIGIN IN SOURCE BEDS
- MIGRATION THROUGH CARRIER BEDS
- ACCUMULATION IN RESERVOIR BEDS
- OIL TRAPS
- HISTORY OF USE
- EXPLOITATION OF SURFACE SEEPS
- EXTRACTION FROM UNDERGROUND RESERVOIRS
- PETROLEUM FUEL PRODUCTS
- GASES
- GASOLINE
- DIESEL FUEL
- FUEL OIL
- SIGNIFICANCE OF OIL IN MODERN TIMES
- CHAPTER 2 OBTAINING PETROLEUM
- WORLD DISTRIBUTION OF PETROLEUM
- OIL FIELDS
- SEDIMENTARY BASINS
- GEOLOGIC STUDY AND EXPLORATION
- STATUS OF THE WORLD OIL SUPPLY
- MAJOR OIL-PRODUCING COUNTRIES
- DRILLING FOR OIL
- CABLE TOOLING
- THE ROTARY DRILL
- THE DRILL PIPE
- THE DERRICK
- CASING
- DIRECTIONAL DRILLING
- DRILLING OFFSHORE
- WELL LOGGING AND DRILL-STEM TESTING
- WELL COMPLETION
- RECOVERY OF OIL AND GAS
- CHAPTER 3 PETROLEUM REFINING
- THE HISTORY OF REFINING
- DISTILLATION OF KEROSENE AND NAPHTHA
- CONVERSION TO LIGHT FUELS
- THE RISE OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERNS
- PROPERTIES OF CRUDE OIL
- SATURATED HYDROCARBONS
- UNSATURATED HYDROCARBONS
- NONHYDROCARBON CONTENT
- TYPES OF CRUDE OIL
- CONVENTIONAL MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS
- BASIC REFINERY PROCESSES
- SEPARATION: FRACTIONAL DISTILLATION
- CONVERSION: CATALYTIC CRACKING
- PURIFICATION
- CHAPTER 4 NATURAL GAS
- ORIGINS OF NATURAL GAS
- ORGANIC FORMATION
- INORGANIC FORMATION
- THE GEOLOGIC ENVIRONMENT
- GAS RESERVOIRS
- HISTORY OF THE USE OF NATURAL GAS
- IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS PIPELINES
- NATURAL GAS AS A PREMIUM FUEL
- PROPERTIES OF NATURAL GAS
- HYDROCARBON CONTENT
- NONHYDROCARBON CONTENT
- PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS
- WORLD DISTRIBUTION OF NATURAL GAS
- RUSSIA
- EUROPE
- NORTH AMERICA
- NORTH AFRICA
- MIDDLE EAST
- ASIA
- USES OF NATURAL GAS
- CHAPTER 5 COAL
- THE ORIGINS OF COAL
- PLANT MATTER
- THE FOSSIL RECORD
- PEAT
- COALIFICATION
- HISTORY OF THE USE OF COAL
- COAL RANK
- MOISTURE CONTENT
- VOLATILE MATTER CONTENT
- MINERAL (ASH) CONTENT
- FIXED-CARBON CONTENT
- CALORIFIC VALUE
- COAL TYPE
- CHAPTER 6 OBTAINING COAL
- WORLD DISTRIBUTION OF COAL
- GENERAL OCCURRENCE
- RESOURCES AND RESERVES
- SURFACE MINING
- UNDERGROUND MINING
- CHAPTER 7 UTILIZATION OF COAL
- COMBUSTION
- COMBUSTION REACTIONS
- FIXED-BED COMBUSTION
- FLUIDIZED-BED COMBUSTION
- PULVERIZED-COAL COMBUSTION
- CYCLONE COMBUSTION
- COAL-WATER SLURRY FUEL
- ADVANCED COMBUSTION TECHNOLOGIES
- GASIFICATION
- GASIFICATION REACTIONS
- GASIFICATION SYSTEMS
- ADVANCED GASIFICATION SYSTEMS
- GAS-CLEANUP SYSTEMS
- LIQUEFACTION
- LIQUEFACTION REACTIONS
- LIQUEFACTION PROCESSES
- ADVANCED PROCESSES
- CONCLUSION
- GLOSSARY
- BIBLIOGRAPHY
- PETROLEUM
- PETROLEUM PRODUCTION
- PETROLEUM REFINING
- NATURAL GAS
- COAL
- COAL MINING
- COAL UTILIZATION
- INDEX
- BACK COVER
